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Dulcie Krige 《Development Southern Africa》1989,6(2):173-191
Schooling is an important facet of the basic needs approach to development. Higher education has been shown to influence a decrease in both the infant mortality rate and the fertility rate, and furthermore appears to influence an individual's access to more remunerative employment. The provision of schools for black people in Natal by the Department of Education and Training (DET) is still far from adequate for all children of school‐going age. Moreover, in many areas, particularly rural areas and for levels above Junior primary, distances are too great for the children readily to be able to attend school. Particular problems which require confronting are farm schools (the location of which is not determined by DET and which are not always open to all neighbouring children): the inadequacy of secondary schooling in many census districts and in most rural areas; and the spatial fragmentation of Natal KwaZulu. 相似文献
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Dulcie Krige 《Development Southern Africa》1990,7(1):53-66
Health care is an important facet of the basic needs approach. Health care for black people in Natal is fragmented both with regard to the responsible authority (Department of National Health and Population Development, Natal Provincial Administration, Development Services Board, local authorities and welfare clinics) and spatially (since there is an overlap with KwaZulu health services). Access to health facilities (permanent and mobile), although adequate in some areas, is insufficient in others: the deficiency is most marked in rural areas and with regard to permanent health facilities. Crucial statistical data pertaining to health status are inadequate partly because of the aforementioned fragmentation and partly because they are collected for administrative rather than monitoring purposes. Questions are posed regarding future access to health care in the light of the new constitutional dispensation, privatisation and the inadequate attention being given to primary health care. 相似文献
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Marijke D'Haese Tharcisse Nkunzimana Ellen Van Damme Johan van Rooyen Anne-Marie Remaut 《Development Southern Africa》2013,30(4-05):468-490
Food insecurity is still remarkably high in the poorest areas of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Many rural households struggle to have sufficient access to the food they need or prefer. This article explores the extent of food access insecurity and assesses the perceived impact on food security of an Empowerment for Food Security Programme that was launched in the Province in 2007. One of the programme aims was to improve agricultural practices in community gardens, home gardens and broiler production. Data were collected among 390 beneficiary households involved in these agricultural projects in 2010. Findings confirmed that experience-based food insecurity levels were still high, despite the agricultural support programme and the government income transfers. Nevertheless, respondents attribute an improved dietary diversity and better access to resources to the programme. 相似文献
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Annelize Booysen-Wolthers Frederick C V N Fourie Lucius Botes 《Development Southern Africa》2006,23(5):605-626
The adoption of the 1996 Constitution mainstreamed women's issues in South Africa, but, despite the commendable progress in this sphere over the past ten years, success is only discernible if it translates into the betterment of women's lives. This paper aims to ascertain whether the development status of women improved or worsened between 1996 and 2001 by employing a gender-adjusted human development index (HDI). To offset the limitations of an aggregate measure, while compensating for the potentially distorting effects of HIV/AIDS on an aggregate human development indicator, a framework of supporting measures of well-being is also analysed to augment and validate the findings of the gender-specific HDI. The study finds that between 1996 and 2001 the development status of women in South Africa regressed, in both absolute and (especially) relative terms. 相似文献
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France Maphosa 《Development Southern Africa》2007,24(1):123-136
The development potential of remittances has not received much policy attention in the migrants' countries of origin. The Homelink facility established by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe in May 2004 excludes undocumented migrants, who are unlikely to use formal channels to send their remittances back home, and studies on international migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa have neglected the role of remittances, especially from undocumented migrants. However, some countries have realised this potential and developed strategies to encourage the flow and investment of remittances, which can contribute significantly to poverty reduction and development. Without such regulations and policies, which require the collaboration of government, migrant groups, the local community, non-governmental organisations and other international organisations, migrant remittances will continue to be used mainly for consumption, with a very small proportion being invested in sustainable investment. 相似文献
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Implications of rural settlement patterns for development: A historical case study in Qaukeni,Eastern Cape,South Africa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter S Robinson 《Development Southern Africa》2003,20(3):405-421
Successive administrative policies, overlaid on the traditional communal land tenure system in the Qaukeni area of the Eastern Cape, have had the effect of tying people to the land and creating an environment that severely constrains opportunities for development. This article traces the influence of administrative changes on land allocation over the last century. It assesses the impact of the settlement pattern in the early 1980s on accessibility to basic facilities, services and development opportunities. In view of the severe conditions in the study area (internal push factors), coupled with reduced restrictions on movement to South African cities and a general urbanisation trend (external pull factors), population movements could have been expected both out of the region and to more accessible places within it. Primary research, using districts and administrative areas as the units of analysis, revealed that few of the expected changes had occurred in the period between 1982 and 1993. However, recent evidence shows that several of the anticipated changes are taking place. The article concludes that, notwithstanding recent trends, a combination of the land tenure system (in both rural and urban areas), a variety of place-related factors in rural areas, together with risk-spreading strategies on the part of households, continue to exert a strong influence in keeping people on the land, even though their existence is not subsistence based, but linked to the urban economy. 相似文献
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Between 1993 and 1996, Thomson made a concerted effort to stimulate a rental market for arable land in the Upper Tugela Catchment region of the former KwaZulu homeland, South Africa. The number of transactions increased with associated gains in equity and efficiency. This study revisits the market and examines its performance in the year 2000. It was found that the number of rental transactions and lessees had declined, but that the area of land transacted had increased sharply. This apparent anomaly can be explained by an increase in fixed transaction costs that prevented prospective participants from entering the market, and a decrease in variable transaction costs that encouraged lessees to trade larger areas. Lessees are consolidating land from several different lessors, with gains in equity and efficiency still evident. Government extension staff could play a key role in sustaining and broadening access to rental markets for cropland in communal areas by reducing fixed transaction costs as Thomson did. 相似文献
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Terence Wulfsohn 《Development Southern Africa》1991,8(4):495-508
It is argued that despite much research and monitoring of the physical manifestations of land degradation, there is a paucity of work which actually shows the socio‐economic and political interactions between land use, ecosystems and land degradation. In order to cope with the difficult interdisciplinary demands of such a study, regional political ecology (RPE) is suggested as an alternative conceptual framework. A particular methodology from this framework, namely ‘the chains of explanation’, is described using the Maputaland region as an example. Common property resources are discussed, as are factors likely to lead to the weakening of local institutions and natural resource management (NRM). The importance of using indigenous technical knowledge and participatory research such as farming systems research (FSR) as the building blocks for developing NRM policy is emphasized. However local initiatives need the support and space to operate that only regional and national institutions can provide. 相似文献
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This article presents a case for a reorientation of the way in which rural transport needs are perceived, planned and provided for, with a view to improved targeting of interventions, particularly with regard to addressing the mobility and accessibility needs of rural women. In addition, it seeks to critically appraise the sustainability of poverty alleviation properties attributed to the labour-based road works, especially in respect of their impact on women. It also explores the role that non-motorised modes of transport could play in reducing the transport burden of the Tshitwe community. 相似文献
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James N Mbata 《Development Southern Africa》2006,23(1):29-43
This study uses the contingent valuation approach to examine the relationship between selected socio-economic characteristics of households and their willingness to pay for private water connection. An iterative bidding method was used to obtain survey data from 135 households randomly selected from Kanye in southern Botswana and the ordinary least-square regression technique was used to estimate the effects of selected exogenous variables on willingness to pay. The results show that household income, level of education and employment status of the head of the household and level of consumers' awareness are the principal factors influencing willingness. This suggests that any government policy that increases these factors will increase households' willingness. In addition, because consumers' income is associated with their willingness to pay, it is suggested that policies on connection and user fees recognise income inequalities when determining the amount that households should pay. 相似文献
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The contribution of income components to income inequality in the rural former homelands of South Africa: a decomposable Gini analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Households in developing countries adopt livelihood strategiesthat often rely on income from a diversity of sources. Froma policy perspective it becomes important to understand therelative importance of income sources in driving inter-householdinequality and poverty. Recent theoretical advances allow forthe decomposition of the Gini coefficient by income componentsand for an assessment of the impact of changes in income componentson the Gini coefficient. This paper applies such a techniqueto South African data for the rural former 'homeland' areas.In doing so, the paper extends existing knowledge of South Africanincome inequality. Particular attention is paid to integratingthe decomposition work into debates about rural developmentpolicy in South Africa. 相似文献