The Effect of Sample Size on the Mean Efficiency in DEA: Comment

Zhang and Bartels (1998) show formallyhow DEA efficiency scores are affected by sample size. They demonstratethat comparing measures of structural inefficiency between samplesof different sizes leads to biased results. This note arguesthat this type of sample size bias has much wider implicationsthan suggested by their example. Models which implicitly restrictthe comparison set like some models for non-discretionary variableslead to biased efficiency scores as well. A reanalysis of theBanker and Morey (1986b) data shows that the efficiency scoresderived there are significantly influenced by the variation insample size implicit in their model.     

Opportunity, Subculture and the Economic Performance of Urban Ethnic Groups

A bstract . An attempt is made to account for age-specific differences in economic performance among 14 ethnic groups living in the nation's nine largest metropolitan areas, by regression analysis of 1950 U.S. Census data. A large proportion of the variance in occupational structure, income, unemployment, and labor force status is accounted for by variations in urban opportunities, relative group size and the members' educational attainment. With the specified economic factors held constant, ethnic factors—nationality and nativity—are associated with residual differences in economic performance. These residual ethnic influences as well as ethnic differences in marital, educational, and labor force status suggest that differences in ethnic subculture have important economic consequences.     

Statistics Curriculum Revisited: Sequencing Presentation of Independent Groups and Repeated-Measures Designs as to Reflect Both the Effect Size and Statistical Significance

Eigenstructure of the variance-covariance matrix associatedwith the repeated-measures t-test is used to conceptualizestandard components of variance within the sequentialpresentation of independent-measures and repeated-measuresexperimental designs.     

The Effect of School Size on Exam Performance in Secondary Schools

This paper investigates the relationship between school size and the exam performance of school pupils in their final year of compulsory education. Previous studies of this relationship have been seriously constrained by lack of appropriate data, but the publication of the School Performance Tables for all publicly-funded schools in England since 1992 permits the construction and testing of a multivariate model which includes school size as one of the explanatory variables. After controlling for factors such as type of school, teaching inputs and eligibility for free school meals, the partial effects of school size on exam performance are estimated. The primary result is that there is a non-linear relationship (in the form of an inverted-U) between school size that maximizes the exam performance of schools is estimated to be about 1,200 for 11–16 schools and 1,500 for 11–18 schools. These estimates are considerably higher than the current mean size of schools.     

Internalizing Neighborhood Externalities: The Effect of Subdivision Size and Zoning on Residential Lot Prices

Though land-development regulations potentially control neighborhood externalities, the developer of a residential subdivision contributes to that control by developing a larger parcel of land. This paper reports estimates of the effect of parcel size on the sale price of developed building lots. The results indicate that adding an acre to the median development increases lot prices by about 3%. Amenities appear to be income normal, and the return to parcel size is greater in unincorporated areas, perhaps due to less intensive governmental control over externalities.     

Explaining Differences in Economic Performance Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the USA

A bstract . By utilizing self-reported race and ancestry in the 1980 and 1990 USA censuses and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, the extent of wage discrimination experienced by women and by men is examined across 50 ethnic/racial groups. Systematic evidence of negative discrimination is revealed in both census years for Asian, Indian, black (African-American), Vietnamese, Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican , and Native American males. To assess the charge that the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition indicates cultural rather than discriminatory differentials, two additional data experiments are performed—one that controls for color and varies culture, and one that controls for culture and varies color. Race appears to matter.     

跨越式发展与长治久安目标下新疆民族文化产业发展的思考

文化产业被公认为是21世纪的朝阳产业,正被越来越多的地区作为提升区域核心竞争力的重要途径.少数民族聚集的新疆,拥有丰富的民族文化资源,为新疆文化产业的开发和发展奠定了基础.在推进新疆跨越式发展和长治久安的战略日标下,国家举全国之力支持新疆大开发、大建设.新疆更应抓紧援疆的机遇,奋起直追,实现文化产业的跨越式发展.     

民族地区重点实验室的社会服务功能探析

社会服务是重点实验室的基本功能之一.在国家全面建设小康社会,实现中华民族的和谐发展、可持续发展过程当中,民族地区重点实验室管理人员必须充分认识民族地区重点实验室社会服务的功能和重要地位,认清目前民族地区重点实验室社会服务功能之不足并努力清除影响民族地区重点实验室社会服务功能创新的障碍,以充分发挥民族地区重点实验室社会服务的作用,进一步提高民族地区重点实验室社会服务水平,提升民族地区重点实验室对民族地区经济社会发展的贡献力.     

民族地区重点实验室的社会服务功能探析

社会服务是重点实验室的基本功能之一。在国家全面建设小康社会,实现中华民族的和谐发展、可持续发展过程当中,民族地区重点实验室管理人员必须充分认识民族地区重点实验室社会服务的功能和重要地位,认清目前民族地区重点实验室社会服务功能之不足并努力清除影响民族地区重点实验室社会服务功能创新的障碍,以充分发挥民族地区重点实验室社会服务的作用,进一步提高民族地区重点实验室社会服务水平,提升民族地区重点实验室对民族地区经济社会发展的贡献力。     

民族地区重点实验室的社会服务功能探析

社会服务是重点实验室的基本功能之一。在国家全面建设小康社会,实现中华民族的和谐发展、可持续发展过程当中,民族地区重点实验室管理人员必须充分认识民族地区重点实验室社会服务的功能和重要地位,认清目前民族地区重点实验室社会服务功能之不足并努力清除影响民族地区重点实验室社会服务功能创新的障碍,以充分发挥民族地区重点实验室社会服务的作用,进一步提高民族地区重点实验室社会服务水平,提升民族地区重点实验室对民族地区经济社会发展的贡献力。     

少数民族人才队伍建设研究——以德宏州为例

人才建设是经济社会建设的重要内容,少数民族人才队伍是民族地区整个人才队伍建设的重要组成部分,加强少数民族人才队伍建设,对推动少数民族地区经济社会发展至关重要。     

Rational Irrationality and Group Size: The Effect of Biased Beliefs on Individual Contributions Towards Collective Goods

The price of irrationality or belief manipulation varies as we move from small to large group settings. Individual members of large groups can more cheaply bias downwards their beliefs as to the immorality of their free‐riding thereby circumventing internal moral constraints. The relative anonymity inherent to large number settings moreover reduces social pressures against free‐riding stemming from some common ethical or moral norms. Both selfish individuals facing an internal moral constraint to behave altruistically and those with altruistic preferences have an incentive to bias upward their belief of the decisiveness of their contribution in large number settings. In addition, the impact of symmetry and the illusion of control can introduce biases regarding the expected reactions of others to one's own decisions. The loosening of moral constraints will tend to increase free‐rider behavior while biased beliefs about the decisiveness of one's contribution or the reaction of others to one's actions will tend to decrease such behavior.     

我国少数民族地区构建服务型政府刍议

长期以来,理论界对如何建立服务型政府,正确处理民族地区服务与管理的关系、服务与领导的关系等问题的争议颇多。而研究和探讨这些问题,对进一步深化民族地区的政府管理体制改革,转变民族地区的政府职能,具有重要的现实意义。     

我国少数民族地区构建服务型政府刍议

长期以来,理论界对如何建立服务型政府,正确处理民族地区服务与管理的关系、服务与领导的关系等问题的争议颇多。而研究和探讨这些问题,对进一步深化民族地区的政府管理体制改革,转变民族地区的政府职能,具有重要的现实意义。     

城市规模分布对地区收入差距的影响——基于LandScan全球人口数据库的实证研究

如何缩小地区间收入差距备受学界和政策制定者的关注.尽管多中心被规划者视为缩小地区收入差距的灵丹妙药,然而支持这一观点的实证研究较少.基于LandScan人口数据和夜间灯光数据,以全球132个国家为研究对象,采用面板固定效应模型和两阶段最小二乘法探讨城市规模分布对地区收入差距的影响.结果显示,城市规模分布多中心并不能缩小地区收入差距,反而会导致区域差距扩大.单中心缩小区域收入差距意味着单中心促进小城市人均收入增加要大于大城市,这是非均衡发展过程的空间表达,显示出经济会在集聚中走向平衡.未来应适度放松对大城市人口流动的限制,引导城市规模合理分布.     

办公自动化的发展对秘书工作的影响

随着社会和科学技术的迅速发展及信息技术的不断更新,现代信息技术在日常工作中的应用越来越广泛.其中,办公自动化信息技术的不断发展使传统秘书的思维方式和办事方式发生了重大变化,提高了秘书的办事效率,扩展了秘书的工作职能,更新了秘书的服务意识.     

科层制对人发展的影响

人的发展应该是各个方面都得到发展,并贯穿于人的整个一生。韦伯的科层制,作为一种管理模式,在提高效率上确实起到了积极的作用,但因其本身所固有的"非人格化"和"集权化"等特点,对人的     

办公自动化的发展对秘书工作的影响

随着社会和科学技术的迅速发展及信息技术的不断更新,现代信息技术在日常工作中的应用越来越广泛。其中,办公自动化信息技术的不断发展使传统秘书的思维方式和办事方式发生了重大变化,提高了秘书的办事效率,扩展了秘书的工作职能,更新了秘书的服务意识。     

办公自动化的发展对秘书工作的影响

随着社会和科学技术的迅速发展及信息技术的不断更新,现代信息技术在日常工作中的应用越来越广泛。其中,办公自动化信息技术的不断发展使传统秘书的思维方式和办事方式发生了重大变化,提高了秘书的办事效率,扩展了秘书的工作职能,更新了秘书的服务意识。