A remodelled approach to measuring the social impact of tourism in a developing country

Residents living in communities with tourism activities form a vital part of the tourism industry; without their support, the industry will likely fail. It is the understanding of the Social Exchange Theory that residents should receive a form of physical award for accepting visitors into their environment, however, with the case of South Africa, there are various factors that inhibit the flow of such benefits. Regardless, the residents remain supportive. It was therefore determined that the intangible social impacts of tourism also play a vital role in fostering community support. To better manage both the tangible and intangible social impact perceptions, a framework was successfully developed by means of structural equation modelling (SEM). This novel framework may aid tourism managers to predict and strategically manage the social impact perceptions of tourism in a developing country such as South Africa in order to foster the vital community support for this industry.

Abbreviations: SEM: Structural equation modelling     

A survey of broiler production in the Blantyre Agricultural Development Division,Malawi

Broiler production is one of the fastest‐growing income‐generating enterprises in Malawi. This article discusses the results of a survey of this industry in Malawi in which 103 broiler farmers from the Blantyre Agricultural Development Division (BLADD) were interviewed. The article examines demographics, education level, general poultry man agement, disease control, the sources of chicks and breeds used, feeding and marketing. The broiler industry in Malawi is plagued by a lack of proper knowledge and technology in poultry husbandry and nutrition, of locally available ingredients for formulating low‐cost balanced rations, of adequate and reliable veterinary pharmaceutical facilities and services, and of accessible credit, as well as an ineffective extension network and a poor processing and marketing infrastructure. With adequate resources, appropriate research and favourable government policies, solutions to these problems can be found to help advance the broiler industry in Malawi.     

四川旅游产业制度安排刍议

四川是旅游资源大省,但与旅游资源相对贫乏得多的邻省云南相比,在旅游业发展和收益及影响力等方面都远不如云南省。出现这一问题的原因是多方面的,其中最为重要的原因是四川省在发展旅游产业过程中制度安排缺乏灵活性,制度安排的效率较低,制度供给数量和质量上与四川旅游产业发展需要方面还存在很大差距,在制度安排的研究上也跟不上发展的需要。本文试图从制度安排这一全新视角研究四川旅游产业,揭示四川在发展旅游产业过程中存在的制度安排供给不足等问题,在此基础上进一步探索四川发展旅游产业制度安排新路径。     

北京休闲农业与乡村旅游发展障碍与对策研究

基于乡村振兴战略背景,分析北京市推进乡村旅游发展的主要措施,在此基础上阐释未来发展所面临的产品缺失文化内涵与同质化、生态资源环境约束和产业用地紧张错乱、消费需求提质升级造成市场供需错位、新型经营主体等组织保障尚不完善、行业管理和发展缺乏专业化人才、新冠疫情加剧乡村旅游不确定性等问题。立足北京市现有发展基础和不足,提出今后一段时间内发展对策建议,提升北京一二三产业融合质量。     

江西省休闲体育旅游资源分布及特征研究

随着江西省休闲体育旅游活动的不断升温,其休闲体育旅游资源的重要性亦愈加凸显。通过调查研究,发现江西省休闲体育旅游自然资源禀赋良好,人文资源也非常丰富,为江西省休闲体育旅游产业的发展奠定了良好的基础。由于诸多原因,江西省休闲体育旅游资源规划开发过程中还存在一定的不足,致使其休闲体育旅游产品不能满足人们的消费需求,从而制约了江西省休闲体育旅游产业的进一步发展。本文通过调查法、文献法等,对江西省休闲体育旅游资源禀赋、分布和特征等问题进行了深入探讨,并提出一些对策建议,旨在为江西省休闲体育旅游资源的进一步开发提供决策参考。     

TARIFFS,SUBSIDIES, AND PROFITS: A RE‐ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN AUSTRALIA 1901–39

We re‐interpret the drivers of structural change in Australia from Federation to World War II. Manufacturing increased its relative share of output and employment, the farm sector and mining contracted. Conventional wisdom contends these shifts largely resulted from government policy, particularly increases in trade barriers. We contend that the connection between tariffs and increased profitability is conceptually weak and not supported by extant evidence. We argue that exogenous shifts in consumer preferences, the adoption of new technologies, changing factor proportions, and greater specialisation in manufacturing and services were responsible for manufacturing increasing its share of the economy's resources and output.     

Increasing employability in the emerging tourism sector in Mozambique: Results of a qualitative study

Mozambique’s tourism sector could play a key role in the country’s socio-economic development, especially in the region of Cabo Delgado where the demand for tourist services is expected to increase. Nonetheless, several constraints (e.g. the lack of adequate training) are hindering the capacity of local people to take full advantage of this opportunity. Qualitative research has been performed in order to align vocational training programmes with the needs of the emerging tourism sector. Local and foreign key informants were interviewed in order to gain a better understanding of training needs and to gain insights into developing training programmes that can enhance local people’s employability. The main findings highlight the lack of symbolisation of tourism and its correlates from local communities. Therefore, rather than just delivering technical skills, training programmes should also promote a ‘culture of tourism’ and a more favourable attitude towards ‘working in the tourism sector’.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区旅游产业密集带的发展研究

鄱阳湖生态经济区一体化演进推动旅游产业在区域内不断集聚。环鄱区内旅游业地缘关系紧密,通过分析旅游产业密集带旅游资源、旅游市场与旅游企业发展水平现状,针对旅游产业密集带构建中存在的缺乏整体旅游规划、旅游内部发展不平衡与利益补偿机制不完善问题,提出应采取政府主导、企业运作、社区参与的旅游合作发展模式。     

西藏生态旅游业可持续发展对策探析

生态旅游业作为可持续发展战略在旅游行业的实践,兼顾对生态环境和自然资源的保护,是西藏旅游经济发展和资源环境保护一个很好的结合点。西藏拥有丰富的生态旅游资源,具备发展生态旅游业的优势条件。但是由于历史、地理区位等原因,还有许多障碍因素制约着西藏生态旅游业的可持续发展,应有针对性地从规划、资金、市场、人才等方面入手予以解决。     

Irrigation development and its socioeconomic impact on rural communities in Malawi

The ‘green revolution’ of the 1950s advocated irrigation schemes as one way of achieving food security globally. Evidence from the Likangala and Domasi irrigation schemes in Malawi suggests, however, that irrigation schemes that were developed after the pattern of the ‘green revolution’ had adverse effects on the socioeconomic status of Malawi's rural communities, disrupting local economies, exposing local farmers to water related diseases, and relocating communities away from their ancestral land without due compensation. The production of rice, expansion of rural sources of income, and growth of towns associated with irrigation schemes were limited in quality and quantity and benefited only a few privileged farmers on the schemes. This paper strongly recommends the recognition of local structures and systems, and minimal dependency on donor support, if irrigation farming is to improve the welfare of rural communities in Malawi.     

我国文化产业发展存在的问题及应对策略

我国文化产业的发展是国民经济所面临的一个重要问题。我国文化产业资源丰富而开发不足;文化产业发展中的技术力量薄弱;文化产业结构性矛盾和体制性障碍依然存在;文化产业与国际接轨力度不够;文化产品的巨大的需求不能实现,巨大的文化资源不能产业化等等。由此,国家宏观经济政策导向需要采取切实可行的措施和办法。     

The Long Emergence of a Modern Insurance Industry in China

Abstract

From 1949 through 1979, China had no insurance industry, as the state self-insured. Government policy was cautious and growth slow for the next 15 years, but since the early 1990s the pace of policy change has accelerated and the industry has grown at more than twice the gross domestic product. Nevertheless, the industry's development and market penetration, particularly in general insurance, remains extremely low by international standards, and continues to be retarded by a mix of forces. This paper examines the drivers for and against the long emergence of China's insurance industry, followed by a projection of the future development of the industry in China.     

中国企业跨国经营中的企业社会责任

随着中国"走出去"的企业越来越多,中国企业跨国经营中的企业社会责任问题慢慢凸显。本文通过对企业社会责任概念的引入,介绍了中国企业跨国经营社会责任的实践及所存在的问题,提出了中国企业在跨国经营中履行企业社会责任的政策建议。     

高校旅游管理专业实践教学改革研究

旅游管理是一门应用性很强的专业。针对实践实习中学生实习目的不明确、企业用人需求和实习计划有冲突,以及实践案例教学中教师随意选材、学生难以参与的问题,应紧随旅游市场潮流,加强实践教学力度;调整实践教学计划,创新实践教学模式;实施开放性实践教学。     

贵阳市与周边城市旅游信息竞争力比较研究

伴随三十多年改革开放，我国旅游业也踏上快速发展的轨道，对旅游经济的研究正成为当前旅游研究的热点之一。本论文以贵阳市及周边城市旅游信息化竞争力为研究对象，分别建立四个城市旅游产业信息竞争力的指标体系，采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的研究方法，通过选择四个城市在这方面的对比，了解贵阳市在旅游信息竞争力的欠缺之处，在此基础上为贵阳市旅游业发展提供一个基础数据分析及政策建议。     

构建旅游业信用体系的思考

旅游业在我国的经济发展中占有重要的地位,正在成为我国国民经济的支柱产业和新的经济增长点。在现实生活中,"旅游信用危机"已经开始显现,特别是旅游企业的失信引发了大量的旅游投诉,极大地阻碍了我国旅游业的健康发展。旅游信用问题引起了社会的广泛关注和相关管理部门的高度重视。本文从旅游业中存在的信用缺失问题入手,认为应通过建立旅游信用制度体系来重塑我国旅游业的信用。     

Capacity building challenges in Malawi's local government reform programme

Since the advent of multiparty democracy in June 1994, the Malawi government has embarked on a local government reform programme involving political and administrative decentralisation to promote democratic governance, local development and effective public service delivery. However, the wholesale adoption of the decentralisation process tends to ignore a critical debate on capacity challenges in local government. The main argument is that the success of the reform programme is contingent upon the availability of adequate capacity in local government institutions. Therefore, this article examines the critical contingencies, namely administrative, technical and economic capacity, in the context of local government reform and decentralisation in Malawi. The major conclusion is that capacity problems, including the lack of appropriately trained personnel and a shortage of funds, seriously hamper effective public service delivery. Thus, there is a need for implementing comprehensive capacity building programmes, including training and development, and financial management strategies to attain the desired objectives.     

淮海经济区文旅融合发展空间分异及其优化研究

通过构建文旅融合发展评价指标体系，运用BP神经网络及耦合协调度模型对淮海经济区10地市文旅融合水平进行定量分析。研究表明：淮海经济区文化资源具有一定“集聚性”，文化资源丰裕度呈现“十”字型分布特征，各地市旅游产业发展水平差距显著；文化资源丰裕度与旅游产业发展水平的耦合协调整体上呈轻度失调状态，且内部差异较大，大致呈鲁南＞苏北＞皖北＞豫东的空间分异特征；文旅融合过程受多种因素的综合作用。     

基于USEM模型的高校旅游人才培养模式探究——以海南省旅游管理专业为例

自由贸易港建设为海南旅游业发展带来新的机遇,对高素质旅游人才的要求不断增加,然而旅游高等教育人才培养与旅游劳动力市场需求之间矛盾也更加突出。以USEM(subject understanding, skills, self-efficacy, meta-cognition)就业能力模型为基础,从学科理解力、技能、自我效能感、元认知四个方面展开研究,并利用SPSSAU数据处理软件对调查问卷的数据进行分析。以海南自由贸易港建设背景下的旅游类行业新需求为向导,对海南高校学生的就业能力梳理,以海南自由贸易港建设背景下的旅游类行业新需求为导向,将USEM模型嵌入旅游人才培养的全过程,创新专业课程改革,优化旅游管理专业人才培养模式,培养能够适应新形势下的行业发展需要和认可的旅游人才。     

地方历史文化与民宿产业融合发展分析及对策——以肇庆市为例

将地方历史文化资源与民宿结合起来,对地方历史文化的弘扬和民宿产业的发展都有积极作用。以肇庆市为研究对象,结合其民宿产业发展状况,探讨肇庆市历史文化资源与民宿产业融合发展中具有的优势,如优越的历史文化资源禀赋、政策支持以及旅游市场发展前景。同时,在发展过程中也存在产业融合不到位、民宿同质化严重、民宿产业运营体系不完善等问题。基于存在的问题,为促进肇庆市历史文化与民宿产业的融合发展提出相关对策。