Eco-innovation for enabling resource efficiency and green growth: development of an analytical framework and preliminary analysis of industry and policy practices

In order to meet great environmental challenges including climate change, more attention needs to be paid to innovation as a way to develop and realise sustainable solutions. This paper reviews the existing understanding of “eco-innovation” and proposes a framework that defines this concept from three aspects—target, mechanism and impact. The proposed framework is also applied to understand the evolution of corporate activities for sustainable production and analyse some good practices. Eco-innovation activities are very diverse and are occurring at different levels and scales. Although the primary focus of corporate practices tends to be on technological advances, some advanced industry players have adopted complementary organisational or institutional changes such as new business models and alternative modes of provision. It is therefore essential to capture both incremental and systemic (or radical) types of eco-innovation unlike most empirical research in this area.     

民营经济产业集群的创新特征与持续竞争优势培育——基于产业集群生命周期理论的研究

要实现民营经济产业集群的持续发展,关键在于不断创新,这种创新依赖于内在机制和外部支撑体系的互动与耦合。文章基于产业集群生命周期理论,在对民营经济产业集群的演化过程及阶段性创新特征判断的基础上,剖析了其创新困境及其成因,并从宏观、中观及微观多角度,系统地提出了培育民营经济产业集群持续竞争优势的相关途径与策略。     

金融危机下中国民营企业创新模式研究

在当今越演越烈的金融危机下,创新是民营企业获取竞争优势的重要途径,而可持续性创新模式的建立则是民营企业冲破危机能长久生存的重要保障。本文从分析创新需求的产生因素入手,进而分析保证创新活动持续进行的管控机制的建立,最后提出在金融危机下可持续的民营企业内部创新模式。     

Firm-level innovation activity,employee turnover and HRM practices — Evidence from Chinese firms

This paper examines the relationship between employee turnover, HRM practices and innovation in Chinese firms in five high technology sectors. We estimate hurdle negative binomial models for count data on survey data allowing for analyses of the extensive as well as intensive margins of firms' innovation activities. Innovation is measured both by the number of ongoing projects and new commercialized products. The results show that higher R&D employee turnover is associated with a higher probability of being innovative, but decreases the intensity of innovation activities in innovating firms. Innovating firms are more likely to have adopted high performance HRM practices, and the impact of employee turnover varies with the number of HRM practices implemented by the firm.     

产业持续创新发展水平评价研究——以新一代信息技术产业为例

评估产业持续创新发展水平,是保障产业获得国际竞争优势的有效手段。以新一代信息技术产业为研究对象,采用三阶段DEA模型,在控制环境因素基础上测算产业创新效率。研究发现:新一代信息技术产业创新效率不高,主要是由较低的规模效率导致的;创新效率值受到企业规模、外商投资、行业人员素质、创新环境、市场开放度等环境因素的影响;新一代信息技术产业各行业创新效率存在明显差异,持续创新发展水平存在不均衡现象,依据规模效率值及纯技术效率值划分为“高规模效率高纯技术效率”和“低规模效率高纯技术效率”发展模式,为保证新一代信息技术产业持续创新发展,需根据具体发展模式对各行业采取措施。     

Norwegian timber exports in the 18th Century: A comparison of port books and private accounts

Abstract

The subject of Norwegian timber exports in the 18th century is a very wide one and it is not the intention of this article to treat it fully. The purpose here is to discuss some of the problems connected with the subject, especially the special character of the port books and their value as historical source material. The method adopted in this investigation will be to compare the information derived from the port books with the information afforded by a private archive.     

Sustainable development goals for the future of Russia

This paper reviews sustainable development goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 and approved by all countries. The inclusion of the sustainability concept based on a balanced set of economic, social, and environmental factors in the strategic documents underpinning the long-term development of Russia is justified as part of a search for a new development model for the Russian economy.     

领导成员交换对酒店员工的服务创新行为的影响——以组织信任为中介变量

创新是引领发展的第一动力,员工的创新行为是企业持续发展和提升竞争力的关键所在。以社会交换理论为基础,基于286份酒店员工问卷构建结构方程模型,实证探究领导成员交换对酒店员工服务创新行为的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：领导成员交换和组织信任对酒店员工的服务创新行为存在显著正向影响;组织信任在领导成员交换和员工服务创新行为之间起到中介作用。该研究能够丰富上下级关系和员工服务创新行为的相关研究成果,对于改进酒店行业的管理实践也具有一定的现实意义。     

创新型城市建设对革命老区地方区域发展质效分析——以龙岩市为例

聚焦创新型城市指标体系，围绕创新要素集聚能力、综合实力和产业竞争力、创新创业环境、创新对社会民生发展的支撑、创新政策体系和治理架构等方面，总结龙岩市推进创新型城市建设的特色做法，分析国家创新型城市建设对龙岩区域发展提升情况。结果显示，龙岩市通过开展国家创新型城市建设，创新治理力、原始创新力、技术创新力、成果转化力、创新驱动力均实现较大的提升。同时，与福建省内其他创新型城市进行比较，剖析龙岩市创新型城市建设存在的不足，并就建设更高水平国家创新型城市这一目标，提出相应的对策建议，为革命老区地市开展创新型城市建设提供借鉴参考。     

基于波特假说的绿色创新激励研究

波特假说颠覆了传统经济学关于环境保护问题的理论框架,从一个全新视角解释了环境规制、技术创新和竞争力之间的互动关系。本文基于波特假说及其主要争议,通过分析不同时期下外部环境成本一收益变化,判断环境规制是否在强、弱绿色创新激励作用下为企业带来竞争优势。同时比较了两种互异且相辅相成的规制政策类型,旨在形成适宜、灵活的政策工具组合,以更好地激励企业开展绿色创新。     

金融科技能否助推民营企业创新发展？——来自中国上市民营企业数据的实证研究

金融科技已经全面融入各行各业。民营企业作为经济高质量发展的重要推动力量,与金融有着天然的互补性,特别是上市民营企业,离不开金融科技的支持,金融科技助力民营企业创新发展已经成为大势所趋。通过对2011—2020年中国A股上市民营企业数据和省级数字普惠金融指数进行实证研究发现,金融科技能够显著提升上市民营企业创新绩效,有效缓解融资约束问题。因此,应持续推进金融科技的发展,充分发挥金融科技对民营企业的创新推动作用。     

Bridging skills demand and supply in South Africa: The role of public and private intermediaries

ABSTRACT

Demand-led skills development requires linkages and coordination between firms and education and training organisations, which are major challenges considering that each represents a ‘self-interested’ entity. The need for a ‘collaborative project’ involving government, firms, universities and colleges, and other bodies is thus increasingly recognised. However, the crucial role of intermediaries has been largely overlooked. The article addresses this gap by investigating the main roles of public and private intermediaries across three case studies: sugarcane growing and milling, automotive component manufacturing, and the Square Kilometre Array sectoral systems of innovation. The research highlights the need for a move towards systemic thinking, to bridge across public and private objectives. It shows that private intermediaries play a larger role than is recognised in policy; that public–private intermediaries play crucial roles in coordination; and the potential for public intermediaries to contribute more effectively to systemic functioning.     

Sustainable development and the local economy

This article sets out the divergence so far between the developing “environmental economics” and local authority “green strategies”. We propose a model of environmentally sustainable economic development. Our argument outlines “environmental efficiency” and more stringent “sustainability” objectives. It reviews current local authority activities and practices. All are within the “environmental efficiency” framework. It concludes by identifying opportunities created by recent government commitment to environmental improvement targets and argues that local authorities are well placed to take up the challenge of developing sustainable development in local economies. It suggests that this process will involve intervention in the market in a way not dissimilar to that adopted in the 1980s by local authorities concerned with developing socially progressive economic strategies and that this process might be termed “social environmentalism”.     

企业微创新的概念、特征与原则

微创新方式近来在企业创新活动中频繁出现。在企业眼中,微创新强调的是以消费者为导向的创新周期短、投入少的技术应用创新。在消费者眼中,微创新是连续的、周期性的和具有创新性的活动。企业要想成功实现微创新就需要建立持续性的微创新文化、从小处着眼、把自己当作典型的消费者、进行多元化的微创新。根据微创新的特点和企业应遵循的基本原则,本文对小微企业进行微创新提出了一些建议。     

我国酒店企业文化与本土文化的融合与创新

酒店企业最终意义上的竞争是酒店文化之间的竞争,酒店如何成功的实施文化战略关系着其持续的发展。文章对酒店企业实施文化战略的必要性进行了分析,并考察了优秀酒店企业文化的特色,然后结合云南省丽江地区酒店企业的实际情况,探讨我国酒店企业如何实现酒店文化与本土文化的融     

A tidal wave for change. The case of the automotive supply chain in the West Midlands

The focus of this paper concerns change in the automotive supply chain, industry responses, and policy and strategic implications. Automotive components suppliers are buffeted by global trends and forces, including rising quality standards, environmental issues, and product and process innovation. Although the higher ranks of the supply chain adapt to change continuously, new technologies on the horizon threaten to make many automotive components manufacturers obsolete within some three to ten years. The West Midlands region is particularly vulnerable given its high concentration of automotive suppliers. The potential for related diversification is limited and investment is needed in new manufacturing activities (rather than assembly or sales/distribution) related to environmental, alternative power and electronic technologies. This will position the UK's automotive supply base at the forefront of technological advance against strong and aggressive global players notably from the US, Germany and the Far East. Both the private and public sectors have a strategic and supporting role to play in ensuring that opportunities are maximised. The West Midlands case study has a broader currency for initiatives targeting diversification both in vehicles production and in other manufacturing sectors. Its significance is heightened by the increasing tendency for other sectors-such as food and drink production, and domestic appliances- to adopt automotive practices.     

面向可持续发展的会计模式变迁

旅游饭店业和其他工业企业一样 ,也存在污染和资源浪费问题。本文主要指出了当今中国旅游饭店业的现状和面临的环境保护问题 ,阐述了实施绿色营销的必要性 ,探讨了实施绿色营销的思路和方法。     

论民营企业产权制度创新

本文将重点研究我国以家族管理为特征的民营企业产权制度创新问题。一是阐述了我国民营企业在产权制度方面存在以下主要问题:产权结构单一,产权界定不清晰,财产所有权与经营权不分;二是探究了我国民营企业(主要就中小型民营企业和大型民营企业两个方面)产权制度创新的路径选择:优化企业产权结构,实现产权多元化;明晰企业内部产权,建立法人财产所有权;开放企业产权,建立现代企业制度。     

Corporate Governance Reforms in the Post-1997 Asian Crisis: Is There Really a Convergence to the Anglo-American Model?

Abstract

Following the 1997-Asian crisis, a number of crisis-hit countries were committed to the rapid transformation of the corporate governance system to one that is modeled after the Anglo-American system. This, as the article argues, is based on a false premise, that what may have worked in the United States/United Kingdom can also be applied in East Asia. In this regard, the convergence at the firm level is seen to be more in “form” rather than in “substance”. This study assesses Singapore's corporate system in terms of its recognition of the merits of the Western model. It then details the corporate governance style of Temasek Holdings Limited (THL), a state- owned enterprise (SOE) in charge of monitoring government investments in companies. The choice of THL as a case study is based on the premise that THL operates very much like a private sector corporation. In addition, it has the ability to influence the standard of corporate governance of Singaporean SOEs. Because the SOEs are large players in their respective industries, the corporate governance of SOEs establish the standards and expectations for monitoring in non-SOEs. There are indications to suggest that the THL has taken into consideration certain aspects of corporate governance practices that may not necessarily be in line with those advocated by the Singapore government. The article argues that selective adaptation such as the style adopted in the THL more realistically portrays the corporate governance practices of East Asian corporations.     

Principles and practices of sustainable water management

Literature related to sustainable water management is reviewed to illustrate the relationship among water management, sustainability （sustainable development）, and sustainable water management. This review begins with the explanation on the definition of sustainable water management, followed by a discussion of sustainable water management principles and practices.