电厂锅炉掺烧褐煤和印尼煤的经济性分析

由于火力发电的燃料成本约占发电成本的70％以上，且近年来煤炭价格不断上涨，火电企业利润大幅下降，出现行业性亏损。为改善火电企业经营状况，许多火电厂正在掺烧非设计的、价格相对较低的煤种，介绍了国内某电厂掺烧褐煤和印尼煤的概况和具体实施方案，研究了不同掺烧煤种方案对锅炉效率的影响，并对产生的经济效益进行分析，为同类型电厂提供有益参考。     

烧“低热值煤”发“高价值电”

2011年12月30日，国家能源局发布的《关于促进低热值煤煤发电产业健康发展的通知》指出：加快发展低热值煤发电产业，对实现低热值煤资源就近高效转化，提高煤炭资源利用效率具有重要意义。大唐贵州发电有限公司（简称贵州公司）借力管理提升活动，深挖内潜、创新管理，积极探索低热值煤掺烧新途径，成功在国产60万千瓦亚临界机组实现低热值煤发电。特别是在近期火电深度调峰中，实现了机组在较低负荷不投助燃油的历史记录，发出了高价值电。     

“口粮”保卫战士——记中国大唐广西分公司2012年先进集体合山发电公司燃料管理部

在大唐桂冠合山发电公司有这样一群人,他们每日与煤为伍,大家都管他们叫"口粮"保卫战士。2012年,在他们的努力下,合山公司完成入厂标煤单价同比上年初降低167.83元/吨,完成热值差230千焦/千克,全年掺烧本地劣质煤和贵州高硫煤150万吨,掺配比例超过50%,节约燃料成本6000多万元,这些骄人的成绩背后,"口粮"保卫战士功不可没。坚信,制度建设终有果     

白音华褐煤在江苏常熟1050MW超临界机组上的掺烧试验与应用研究

通过对常熟电厂1050MW超超临界机组在不同工况下掺烧白音华褐煤的试验,进一步掌握1000MW级机组在不经过任何改造的条件下,掺烧白音华褐煤对锅炉负荷、结渣状况、排烟温度、排烟一氧化碳浓度、飞灰含碳量、锅炉效率、辅机电耗、机组煤耗及锅炉SO2、NOx排放特性的影响,为白音华褐煤在长江中下游同类型1000MW级机组上应用提供技术支撑。     

燃煤电厂掺烧污泥的影响及制粉系统优化分析

文章综述了燃煤电厂掺烧城市污泥研究现状,简述了在普通煤粉锅炉和循环流化床锅炉实现燃煤电厂掺烧污泥工艺,重点分析了污泥掺烧对燃料着火特性和燃尽特性等燃烧性能的影响,探讨了NOx和SO2等污染物随污泥掺烧比率增加的排放变化规律,并讨论了As、Cr等有害元素在飞灰和底灰中的沉积和析出规律,对比了燃煤电厂掺烧城市污泥工艺与污泥干化焚烧技术的经济性。综合认为,燃煤电厂掺烧城市污泥是具有较高经济性、行之有效的处理城市污泥工艺。另外,污泥掺烧时要求制粉系统进行相应的优化调整以适应掺烧污泥后的燃料。     

建设长坡煤矿 加快开发海南

一、海南能源概况海南岛能源主要是依靠木柴、煤炭、水电及少量火电,沼气刚开始试验推广,太阳能利用尚处于研究试验阶段。1979年全岛烧木柴128万米~3。海口市的一部分及其它城镇的生活、服务行业基本上烧木柴。目前,岛上唯一的长昌煤矿每年生产劣质褐煤2万吨左右,因此,每年从大同,平顶山、贵州及阳泉调进16—18万吨煤炭。这些外来煤炭主要由黄埔港及湛江港中转,运至海南的海口、三亚、八所港后通过公路供应用户。长昌煤除供煤矿烧砖瓦以外,全部供给海口轮胎厂作沸腾炉的燃料。由大陆调入的煤炭按海口市、汉     

神宁炉细灰掺烧气流床锅炉可行性和经济性分析

国宁集团400万吨/年煤制油气化项目年产324万吨细灰,含碳量达到20%左右(干基)左右,为节约能源,可将滤饼与燃料煤按一定比例混合送入到气流床中掺烧,文章对其可行性和经济性进行了分析。     

智能燃料系统中分煤种采制化技术的设计和应用

在智能燃料系统实施过程中,通过平台开发以及采制化系统的改造,实现入炉煤的分煤种采制化。作为智能燃料系统的一项关键技术,它对智能配煤掺烧、煤场热损分析和机组正平衡发电煤耗计算分析等都具有非常重要的价值。     

东北经济区褐煤的开发和利用(下)

(三)褐煤利用的几点建议一、应主要作为电厂燃料从50年代开始,东北区就已将褐煤作为电厂燃料,供富拉尔基电厂及吉林热电站部分发电用,但都属于小型机组或部分掺烧,每年耗煤量仅100多万吨。直到70年代后期,随着东北区工业迅速发展的需要和技术进步,大型褐煤矿的开发,大型褐煤电厂(如拥有2台20万千瓦机组的朝阳电厂和元宝山电厂的30万千瓦、60万千瓦机组及哲盟通辽     

660 MW燃煤电厂的生物质气化耦合技术研究与应用

文章针对湖北某电厂进行生物质气化耦合发电进行技术研究,提出了:(1)660 MW燃煤电厂的生物质气化耦合应用技术方案,分析了660 MW燃煤电厂生物质气化耦合的可行性;(2)掺烧改造方案通过在主燃区前后墙各布置2只生物质燃气燃烧器,能实现锅炉掺烧生物质气化燃气的目的;(3)通过分析生物质气化耦合发电对2#锅炉的影响,得出生物质气化耦合发电对锅炉动力场、对流换热、排烟温度影响非常小,能降低NO_x污染物、SO_x污染物排放并且能作为基础负荷与660 MW机组深度调峰相结合。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.