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Pascal Frantz Norvald Instefjord Martin Walker 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2013,40(9-10):1184-1220
Recent public policy debates have led to increased calls for full transparency of executive compensation. However, in practice, many firms are reluctant to disclose the full details of how they link executive compensation to performance. One possible reason for lack of full disclosure is that managers use their power to hide the details of their compensation plan in order to disguise opportunistic rent extraction. If this is the reason for secrecy, then public policy designed to force firms to provide full disclosure is unlikely to be resisted by shareholders. However, another possible explanation for less than full transparency is that some degree of secrecy about executive compensation may be in the interest of the company and its shareholders. If this explanation is correct, then public policy moves to increase transparency may be met by counter moves designed to protect managers and shareholders from such policies. In this paper we investigate if full disclosure of executive compensation arrangements is always optimal for shareholders. We develop a model where optimal executive remuneration solves a moral hazard problem. However, the degree to which the moral hazard problem affects the shareholders depends on hidden information, so that disclosure of the executive compensation scheme will typically reveal the hidden information, which can be harmful to shareholders. The model derives, therefore, the optimal disclosure policy and the optimal remuneration scheme. We find that the shareholders are better off pre‐committing not to disclose the executive compensation scheme whenever possible. Executive directors are shown to be better off too in the absence of disclosure of executive compensation schemes. An argument for mandating disclosure is that it provides better information to shareholders but our analysis demonstrates that disclosure does not necessarily achieve this objective. The results suggest that less than full disclosure can be in the interest of shareholders, the reason for this being that disclosures cannot be made selectively to shareholders but will also be made to strategic opponents. This will be the case if the board of directors and the remuneration committee includes enough independent directors. Whether or not non‐disclosure to shareholders is in their interest is however an empirical matter involving a trade‐off between the proprietary costs associated with disclosure to shareholders and the costs of potential collusion between executive and non‐executive directors associated with non‐disclosure. 相似文献
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We study the different levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures of the largest European firms. We find that firms are more predisposed to disclose more CSR information in countries with better investor protection, higher levels of democracy, more effective government services, higher quality regulations, more press freedom, and a lower commitment to environmental policies. Our analysis of the association of different levels of CSR disclosure with share prices indicates that a high level of CSR disclosure is associated with higher share prices, whereas a low level of CSR disclosure in sensitive industries is associated with lower share prices (compared to no disclosure). These results are also present when we analyse changes in CSR disclosure and are robust to the inclusion of an accounting quality measure in our model. The overall effect of the association of higher levels of CSR disclosure with higher share prices is stronger in countries with more democracy, more government effectiveness, better regulatory quality, and more press freedom. Therefore, market participants find CSR disclosures more informative in countries where investors are in a better position to voice their concerns and where there is better regulation and more effective government implementation of regulations. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has been of interest in the past decade, but prior studies have not investigated the relationship between strong corporate governance and types of CSR activities. This study introduces the concept of professional CSR activities (which means CSR activities pursued in a formal organizational structure over a long period) and voluntary CSR activities (which means CSR activities pursued tentatively and individually) and how strong corporate governance has differential effects on the two types of CSR activities. Our empirical results show that the stronger the corporate governance is, the more professional CSR activities are encouraged. 相似文献
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国际银行业信息披露制度研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
信息披露制度的兴起和完善伴随着商业银行治理结构的变革及风险管理技术的提升,是推动银行业公司治理改革的重要动力。《有效银行监管的核心原则》、《提高银行透明度》、《巴塞尔资本协议Ⅱ》等报告和协议为国际银行业信息披露标准提供了借鉴,折射了国际银行业信息披露制度的变革方向。美国银行业信息披露制度对我国有着明显的借鉴意义,其改进信息披露的举措主要包括提高信息披露效能、加强信用风险披露和按业务线披露经营信息等。以《巴塞尔资本协议Ⅱ》的要求为基础,借鉴发达国家的信息披露制度,细化《商业银行信息披露暂行办法》的相关规定,推进信息披露的规范化,是我国商业银行提升信息披露水平的可选思路。 相似文献
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证券信息网络披露使证券市场投资者能够便捷的获取全面丰富的证券信息,但浩如烟海的篇幅和晦涩难懂的专业词汇,常常使投资者特别是中小投资者陷入不知所措的境地。我国资本市场以中小投资者为主,为了切实保护其利益,有必要确立证券信息披露的简明性规则,即在信息披露中使用清晰、简单、易懂的语言,在能够使用普通语言的场合,避免使用专业的金融词汇,同时,信息披露文件的篇幅应当简短,避免冗长。信息披露简明性规则不会增加发行人的信息披露责任,不会影响信息披露的完整性,有助于保护中小投资者利益。 相似文献
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A popular topic in the assessment of the functioning of municipally-owned enterprises is the corporate governance (CG) of such organizations. The results of the comparative study presented in this paper indicate that European Union initiatives on gender diversity and executive directors’ pay are often not implemented in public CG codes and in practice in municipally-owned enterprises in Germany and The Netherlands. The paper proposes that EU initiatives should specifically target municipally-owned enterprises and shows concrete hard and soft regulation options for national and international policy-makers and future research perspectives. 相似文献
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This article investigates whether mandatory and voluntary regulation and best governance practices enhance disclosure quality in an emerging market where code law tradition, dominant family ownership, and lax rules and implementation make it less likely for disclosure quality effects to be observed. We show that the Transparency & Disclosure (T&D) scores have improved for a sample of Borsa Istanbul (BIST) firms, and the firms that voluntarily adopted IFRS during 2003 and 2004 have significantly higher scores. However, in 2005, the year IFRS became mandatory, the T&D scores for mandatory and voluntary adopters were no longer significantly different. Multivariate analysis shows that the Corporate Governance (CG) principles and voluntary and mandatory adoptions of IFRS have all had significant positive effects on various T&D scores of the sample firms. 相似文献
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This study investigates the effect of mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on firms’ investment efficiency in China. Using the CSR regulation that mandates a group of listed firms to disclose stand‐alone CSR reports after 2008 as a natural experiment, we find that firms subject to the mandatory CSR regulation have decreased investment inefficiency subsequent to the mandate, especially in cases of overinvestment. This effect is more pronounced for firms with a control‐ownership wedge, state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), and firms having lower institutional ownership. Further analyses find that the reduction of overinvestment is much more significant in industries with high pollution and that the reduction in investment is not due to the CSR spending siphoning off capital used in other projects. We argue that mandatory corporate social responsibility disclosure improves monitoring over firms in China, especially when firms are characterised as having severe agency problems. 相似文献
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This study examines the effects of earnings preannouncements on financial analyst and stock price reactions to earnings news. Prior experimental research documents that when the signs of a preannouncement surprise and subsequent earnings announcement surprise are consistent (i.e., both either positive or negative), analysts make larger magnitude revisions to their future period earnings forecasts in response to the total earnings news conveyed in the preannouncement and earnings announcement than when the surprise signs are inconsistent. This study extends this research by examining a sample of actual preannouncements from 1993–1997 to determine whether the effects documented in laboratory settings manifest at the aggregate market level in stock prices and consensus analyst forecast revisions. Results indicate that after controlling for the sign of earnings news, sign of earnings, and sign of the earnings announcement surprise, stock prices and analyst forecast revisions respond more strongly when a preannouncement and subsequent earnings announcement elicit the same surprise signs than when the surprise signs are inconsistent. Further analysis indicates that the consistency of the signs of a preannouncement surprise and earnings announcement surprise is not associated with future earnings, suggesting that the magnified reaction of investors and analysts to consistent surprise signs is not a rational reaction to associations observed in market settings. 相似文献
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绝大部分沪市上市公司均按规定在2008年报中对实际控制人的情况进行了披露,但也有一些上市公司未按或未完全按年报准则关于实际控制人的披露要求履行披露义务,无助于广大投资者了解其产权和控制关系状况。针对披露中存在的问题,我们建议:进一步明确界定实际控制人的含义、类型及其控制形式,充实和完善对实际控制人应予披露的内容,加强对法人控股股东和中间层级控制主体的披露;出台专门的实际控制人披露指引,规范披露的内容和形式;严格上市公司及其控股股东、实际控制人未按规定如实、准确、完整披露的责任。 相似文献
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Thomas (1969, 1974 and 1975) theoretically attacked the practice of incorporating major accounting allocations across time such as depreciation and deferred taxes in financial accounting. Instead, he advocated using accrual-based funds statements as alternatives to an income statement (preferably a net-quick-assets funds statement). This paper reports the results of analyses of Thomas's assertions by using the predictive ability criterion, and the ordinal four-state financial distress methodology developed by Ward (1994). Results generally support Thomas's assertions. A net-quick-assets operating flow and an operating flow variable adjusted for depreciation and amortisation and deferred tax allocations are both normally stronger predictors of financial distress than a net income variable. However, contrary to Thomas's theory, the change in inventory, a non-monetary item, appears to be an important predictor of financial distress one year before distress. 相似文献
15.
Tom Gjerde Sakthi Mahenthiran David Cademartori 《Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics》2013,9(2):183-202
Companies with relatively thin trading, a high concentration of insider ownership, and a privatized pension system characterize Chile’s Santiago Stock Exchange. Within this setting, we study the relationship between ownership concentration, corporate governance, and stock market liquidity. Our results suggest that board independence, corporate disclosure and outside monitoring by institutions help moderate the effects that insiders have on trading costs and liquidity. We also find that market makers with inventory reduce the informational component of trading costs. Finally, the trades of insiders provide price guidance to market makers, while traders employ a follow-the-insider strategy when transparency is low. 相似文献
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Despite years of study, the impact of firm-level governance on stock returns is not clear, especially in non-U.S. markets. We investigate the returns of governance-based trading strategies in Asia, using bias-free return data and CLSA governance ratings. We argue that poor governance should be associated with higher market risk. We find that a portfolio of poorly governed firms has a higher market beta, higher expected return and higher realized return, compared with a good governance portfolio. In contrast to some earlier studies, we find no abnormal returns after adjusting for risk and country effects. Only investors who can predict in advance which firms will improve their governance can earn abnormal returns. 相似文献
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论商业银行的社会责任 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
商业银行的社会责任主要指商业银行对其利益相关者所承担的经济、法律、道德和慈善方面的责任.履行社会责任是现代商业银行成熟的标志,也是完善商业银行公司治理机制的重要举措.我国商业银行在履行社会责任方面与国外商业银行相比还有很大差距,主要体现在社会责任观念淡薄、相关管理目标缺乏、支持慈善事业力度不够、员工劳动保护措施不力、诚信竞争原则不足等方面.鉴于此,作者指出商业银行履行社会责任需要多重力量,需要政府和社会的推动、法律和制度的外部强制、舆论的监督和引导,更需要商业银行内部自律机制,以完善治理结构为契机,加强自我约束,使其符合企业社会责任规范. 相似文献
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本文以沪深两市2003年576家上市公司为研究样本，以权益资本成本为因变量，以本文所构建的投资者保护指数为自变量，运用多元回归方法对两者关系进行检验分析。研究发现：投资者保护与权益资本成本呈显著负相关关系，即使在考虑了公司规模、Beta系数、行业影响等因素后，两者之间的负相关关系仍然显著，这就证明我国上市公司虽然整体投资者保护水平不高，但公司之间的保护程度仍有重大差异；我国证券市场上的投资者已经能够在一定程度上区别对待投资者保护水平不同的上市公司。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the impact of privatisation on the extent of corporate voluntary disclosure in Jordan.We conduct a longitudinal examination using 243 annual reports of 27 privatised firms in Jordan over a period of nine years from 1996 to 2004. Employing univariate and pooled regression models our results show that privatisation is positively associated with voluntary disclosure. Specifically, we find that accounting regulation reforms and foreign investments accompanying privatisation have a significant impact on the levels of accounting disclosure in Jordan. Our study provides evidence on the role of privatisation in improving the disclosure culture as an important pre‐condition for the development of active capital markets. 相似文献
20.
Yaqin Hu 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2023,50(3-4):565-597
I study whether the management guidance provided by local chief executive officers (CEOs) differs from the guidance provided by nonlocal CEOs. The geographic preferences of the CEOs lead to segmented executive labor markets, which impose higher relocation costs and give rise to lower job mobility. I find that local CEOs, who grew up in the same states where the firm headquarters are located, provide fewer items in guidance and less frequent guidance than nonlocal CEOs. I also show that local CEOs have greater asymmetric withholding of bad news relative to good news and that they increase their disclosure during economic downturns in their home states. Collectively, these findings suggest that the geographically segmented CEO labor markets play an important role in the disclosure choices of CEOs. 相似文献