商业银行参与融资融券业务模式的国际比较与借鉴

融资融券业务作为一种证券信用交易,已成为海外证券市场普遍实施的成熟交易制度。不同国家或地区根据金融体系和信用环境的完善程度,采用了适合自身实际情况的融资融券模式。该文介绍了商业银行在不同融资融券业务模式中所发挥的作用,及其在集中授信模式下证券金融公司运作中所扮演的角色,并借鉴国际经验对我国商业银行参与融资融券业务进行了初步探讨。     

金融结构对企业债务融资的影响研究

企业债务融资一直是财务学界研究的重点，对它的认识也逐渐从企业层面扩展到了宏观环境层面。但目前的研究仅仅局限干整个的经济发展，并没有深入讨论具体是哪个方面对债务融资有较大的影响。金融业是企业资金来源的提供方，因而它的发展和结构直接关系到企业的债务融资。为了深入研究，本文把金融结构分成了两个层级。研究结果表明，债务比率和债务期限结构都受到了两个层级的影响，但金融中介发展和股票市场份额的影响要远大于金融中介内部结构的影响。     

The Effect of Interest Rates on the Value of Corporate Assets and the Risk Premia of Corporate Debt

A growing number of papers have applied option pricing techniques to the valuation of risky debt. This paper deals directly with how a firm's relationship to interest rates affects its debt. A sequential binomial model is used to price the zero-coupon bonds of a firm whose value is related to interest rate changes.The results show that the strength of the relationship between firm value and interest rates (interest-rate risk) can have a significant impact on the value of a firm's debt. The model produces its most powerful results when the volatility of firm value is high and the term structure has a steep (negative or positive) slope; there is no impact when the term structure is flat. Our results indicate that empirical studies of yield spreads may have severe shortcomings if the relationship of firm value to interest rate changes is ignored.     

Corporate governance, investor protection, and performance in emerging markets

We use recent data on firm-level corporate governance (CG) rankings across 14 emerging markets and find that there is wide variation in firm-level governance in our sample and that the average firm-level governance is lower in countries with weaker legal systems. We explore the determinants of firm-level governance and find that governance is correlated with the extent of the asymmetric information and contracting imperfections that firms face. We also find that better corporate governance is highly correlated with better operating performance and market valuation. Finally, we provide evidence that firm-level corporate governance provisions matter more in countries with weak legal environments.     

Do asset backed securities ratings matter on average?

This paper assesses the impact of asset backed ratings on the Merrill Lynch US Asset Backed Securities and Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities Index (CABs index) over a period January 1998 through to February 2010. In particular, we examine the relationship between ratings changes of the asset backed securities and the CABS index return. We further investigate how macroeconomic variables affect the relation between change in ratings and the CABS index return. We find that on their own, ratings of assets backed securities do matter to the CABS index return. However, controlling for economic factors appears to reduce the impact of the ratings changes on the CABS index return.     

One Type of Security in Retrospect

The case for capitalizing large firms solely with ordinary shares (common stock) is extended by rebutting the arguments of Williams and Finlay (1983) that common stock is obsolete. An account of the historical origins of the supporting elements of the one-security plan is provided. Of the arguments and evidence to be presented, some will be recapitulations of points made earlier and some will be additional.     

Preference hierarchies for internal finance, bank loans, bond, and share issues: evidence for Dutch firms

We estimate the incremental financing decision for a sample of some 150 Dutch companies for the years 1984 through 1997, thereby distinguishing internal finance and three types of external finance: bank borrowing, bond issues, and share issues. First, we estimate a multinomial logit model, which confirms several predictions of both the static trade-off theory and the pecking order theory as to the determinants of financing choices. Next, we estimate all possible ordered probit models to determine which financing hierarchy fits the data best. The results suggest that Dutch firms have a unique most preferred financing hierarchy: (i) internal finance, (ii) bank loans, (iii) share issues, and (iv) bond issues.     

Monitoring the board: should shareholders have direct proxy access?

Motivated by the current discussion to reform shareholder-nominated director elections, this paper presents a model that shows that, when shareholders have direct access to proxy, the quality of the board of directors improves. This is so because more independent directors—regarded as better monitors of managerial activities—will be elected. In the model, a manager maximizes his expected utility by solving the trade-off between reputation and consumption of private benefits. The board can be of high-type (independent, only cares about reputation) or low-type (non-independent, faces a trade-off similar to the manager's). When the board can signal its type at a relatively small cost, giving shareholders direct access to proxy is better than delegating the nomination of outside directors to managers: in the first alternative, only high-type boards will be kept, whereas in the second, low-type boards will predominate.     

Does Monetary Policy Affect Income Inequality in the Euro Area?

This paper examines how the ECB's expansionary monetary policy affects income inequality in 10 euro area countries over the period 1999–2014. We distinguish two channels—labor-market and financial—through which monetary policy can have distributional effects. The labor-market channel is captured by wages and employment and the financial channel by asset prices and returns. We find that expansionary monetary policy in the euro area reduces income inequality, especially in the periphery countries. The labor-market channel enhances the equalizing effect: monetary expansion reduces income inequality stronger by raising wages and employment. There is limited evidence for the financial channel.     

Ownership, managerial control and the governance of companies listed on the Brussels stock exchange

This paper examines how corporate control is exerted in companies listed on the Brussels Stock Exchange. There are several alternative corporate governance mechanisms which may play a role in disciplining poorly performing management: blockholders (holding companies, industrial companies, families and institutions), the market for partial control, debt policy, and board composition. Even if there is redundancy of substitute forms of discipline, some mechanisms may dominate. We find that top managerial turnover is strongly related to poor performance measured by stock returns, accounting earnings in relation to industry peers and dividend cuts and omissions. Tobit models reveal that there is little relation between ownership and managerial replacement, although industrial companies resort to disciplinary actions when performance is poor. When industrial companies increase their share stake or acquire a new stake in a poorly performing company, there is evidence of an increase in executive board turnover, which suggests a partial market for control. There is little relation between changes in ownership concentration held by institutions and holding companies, and disciplining. Still, high leverage and decreasing solvency and liquidity variables are also followed by increased disciplining, as are a high proportion of non-executive directors and the separation of the functions of CEO and chairman.     

上市公司债务融资结构特征的实证检验

本文采用描述性统计、参数和非参数检验等方法对中国上市公司债务融资结构的总体特征和行业特征进行系统的分析。研究发现：在中国上市公司债务融资结构中，流动负债比率较高且呈逐年上升的趋势，长期负债比率较低且呈逐年下降的趋势；中国上市公司的债务融资有1／2左右是靠银行信贷实现的；中国受管制行业的总体资产负债比率和流动负债比率较其他行业低，而长期负债比率则较其他行业高；不同行业之间的债务融资结构存在显著性差异，这些差异大部分归属于行业差异而不是年度差异。     

The transnational company after globalisation

International capital market integration has facilitated the rise of a new kind of ‘financially enhanced’ transnational. The mode of operation of the financially enhanced transnational corporation is compared with that of the more traditional production-orientated multinational company. The paper discusses the breakdown of globalisation into a new regionalisation in the international financial system, and the spreading macroeconomic crisis in the major industrialised economies. It argues that new financing constraints will freeze the current structure of international business. The crisis reveals finance as the key enabler and feature of international business.     

转融通基本问题研究

转融通实质上就是证券金融公司对证券公司的融资融券。证券金融公司是转融通业务的唯一主体,具有一定的垄断地位,但证券金融公司在开展转融通业务时,与证券公司是交易对手,处于平等的民事主体地位,证券金融公司不应定位为交易的中央对手方或者市场组织者。在《转融通业务监督管理试行办法》规定的框架下,证券金融公司可以根据实际情况和需要设计出不同的业务操作模式,但效率与安全应当是考虑设计转融通操作模式的两大基本出发点。从长远看,比照现有的融资融券业务操作模式构建证券金融公司的转融通业务操作模式,是一种可取的选择,值得作进一步的思考。     

伊斯兰金融的未来

回顾伊斯兰金融的发展历程,从1963年成立首家伊斯兰银行,到2007年伊斯兰金融资产达到3000亿美元,伊斯兰金融发展迅速。文章通过实例剖析了伊斯兰债券与资产支持证券的异同,并从伊斯兰债券的金融本质入手,从宏观的角度展开对伊斯兰金融的未来前景的探讨,指出伊斯兰金融是传统伊斯兰融资体系适应全球化经济下的一种新模式探索,并期待着伊斯兰现代主义能够更好地促进伊斯兰金融的发展和成熟,使伊斯兰社会更好地融合到全球化的经济发展中。     

资产支持商业票据：中小企业融资新渠道

2005年资产证券化试点打开了证券化的空间，但试点证券化资产范围相对狭窄，没有触及中小企业的融资需求。资产支持商业票据提供了破题的一种选择。本文介绍了资产支持商业票据的发展概况、发展的市场动力、交易结构以及交易种类，并对一个具体案例进行了分析。