全球价值链框架下的黑龙江省亚麻产业发展研究

20世纪80年代以来,全球价值链的研究得到社会普遍重视。很多学者也把产业发展与价值链的发展相结合,为中国各产业的发展提供了指导与借鉴意义。黑龙江省独有的亚麻资源的发展,使得亚麻产业得到社会和学术研究群体的重视,目前,亚麻产业的发展正处于突破阶段,从全球价值链的角度来研究亚麻产业发展具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

Digital Economy Development,Institutional Quality and Upstreamness of Global Value Chains

By building a composite index for measuring national digital economy development and sectoral digital intensities, this paper derives metrics of industry-level digital economy penetration under the framework of specialization within global value chains (GVCs), systematically analyzes the mechanisms through which digital economy development affects GVCs upstreamness, and examines the moderating effect of institutional quality. The study shows that different dimensions of digital economy development significantly boost GVCs upstreamness, a conclusion that holds even after accounting for endogeneity through dynamic panel models with instrumental variables based on past data. Further research shows that technological innovation capabilities and resource allocation efficiency have gradually become important channels for digital economy development to boost GVCs upstreamness. Adding indicators on institutional quality reveals that greater institutional quality not only directly promotes GVCs upstreamness but also reinforces the impact of digital economy development on higher GVCs positioning.     

略论全球价值链外包体系与中国产业升级的动态关系

全球价值链外包体系的形成是国际分工深化和经济全球化的必然结果。中国产业在国际分工的低层次地位使得寻求产业升级的路径变得更加迫切。通过对全球价值链外包体系的形成以及中国产业在其中地位的分析,提出在全球价值链外包体系中加速中国产业升级的措施。     

Global Value Chains in the Era of Digital Economy: Trends,Risks and Countermeasures

The new technological revolution has not only created the digital economy, but has also accelerated the digital transformation of global value chains (GVCs). Digital technologies have reshaped the specialization within global value chains by reducing costs, enabling industrial chains and increasing added value in exports. However, GVCs also face salient risks in the digital economy era, as reflected in their spatial layouts. The enabling effect of digital technologies has led to the shortening and reshoring of global value chains. In value chain governance, dominant countries have imposed technological embargoes on ascendant countries, depriving them of key technologies. In the distribution of value, the imbalances in the specialization within GVCs and digital divides have aggravated global economic inequities. Given the new characteristics and risks of GVCs in the era of the digital economy, as well as the “dual circulation” development paradigm, China’s industrial chains and firms moving up the GVCs need to regard data, the fifth type of production factor, as a key to the enabling effect of the digital economy on industries. These measures will advance the digital transformation of traditional industries and the development of the digital industry, as well as allow industrial chains and innovation chains to work in tandem to facilitate favorable domestic circulation. At the firm level, enterprises should further develop endogenous innovation capacity to become leaders in innovation and free themselves from dependence on foreign sources for key technologies.     

The World Trade Collapse and International Value Chains: A Cross-Country Perspective

This paper challenges the mainstream narrative that links the strength and speed of the world trade collapse in 2008–2009 to the international fragmentation of production, organized in international value chains. The paper points out often overlooked counteracting forces such as non-bank-intermediated credit, trust in long-term commercial affairs and intra-firm relationships. A cross-section of the strength and speed of the import decline in 42 countries shows that both the share of manufacturing trade and an indicator for the vertical specialization in trade are associated with less contraction and slower adjustment. Countries with large shares of manufactures in trade (a proxy for international value chain activity) and/or vertical specialization in trade did not reduce their trade more strongly. The empirical evidence points out that international value chains may very well have had a major dampening effect that reduced the extent to which world trade fell.     

全球价值链视角下长三角物联网产业集群成长机制研究

基于全球价值链视角,结合现代产业组织结构集聚化、融合化和模块化等新特征和发展趋势,对我国物联网产业集群的成长机制进行深入研究,重点剖析动力机制、创新机制、利益机制、产学研协同机制、发展演变机制等五大机制。认为随着物联网产业生命周期不同阶段的演进,市场容量的变化,将导致物联网传感器供应商、设备提供商、网络运营商、系统集成商在全球价值链增值环节中处于不同地位,因而具有不同增长速度,这对五大机制产生重要影响,从而也直接关系到长三角物联网产业集群成长机制的培育。在此基础上提出相关政策建议。     

Generalizing the New Interpretation of the Marxian Value Theory: A Simulation Analysis with Stochastic Profit Rate and Labor Heterogeneity

This article elucidates the relation between price and labor content in the context of generalizing the New Interpretation of Marxian value theory. We examine a generalized New Interpretation in a linear economic model introducing a differential value-creating capacity of different concrete labors, which regards price, value and the profit rate as random variables. Simulations are performed by constructing stochastic models with labor heterogeneity in two comparable ways. Considering that the standard New Interpretation suffers from the indeterminacy of the skilled labor reduction criterion without the assumption of an equalized rate of surplus value, it is hoped that the results of this analysis provide a research guideline for bridging the theoretical gap.     

Marx 200: The Abiding Relevance of the Labour Theory of Value

ABSTRACT

Marxist political economy is alive and well, and not just because of the habitual turn to Marx in response to any crisis of capitalism. Both through Capital and through the continuing evolution of Marxism, Marxist political economy offers valuable insights that can illuminate the modalities of social and economic reproduction and the relationships between (different aspects of) the economic and the non-economic. Marxism’s presence has been felt through its own internal debates and debates with other approaches to political economy, and even through its influence on those reacting against Marxism. The key to the continuing relevance and analytical strengths of Marxist political economy lies in its capacity to provide a framework of analysis for unifying disparate insights into and critiques of the contradictions of capitalism across the social sciences. The instrument for forging that unity is Marx’s theory of value, the potential of which is examined and illustrated with reference to the Sraffian critique and two key concepts in Marxian political economy: the value of labour power and financialisation. They are explored in the light of the processes of commodification, commodity form and commodity calculation.     

不能把马克思、恩格斯局限于“劳动价值论”一元论--从方法论角度再论马克思、恩格斯价值理论本相及其它

马克思、恩格斯共识于“价值时对效用和劳动花费的衡量”,因为它与生产力与生产关系矛盾统一的唯物史观原理相适应：“价值”与“生产力”同义。但是,这种价值理论在《资本论》各卷中的展述却是按照“从抽象上升到具体”的方法,从抽象的“劳动价值论”出发,一步一步上升为“具体”的。细读之,可以发现,每向“具体”前进一步,都靠使劳动价值论与某种突现使用价值决定性的理论相结合而完成,其理论实质是使劳动价值论被纳入唯物史观框架。显然,马克思、恩格斯的价值理论不限于劳动价值论,它是由抽象劳动价值论上升为具体的宏观“效用/劳动价值论”的理论体系。西方学关于第一第三卷彼此矛盾的说法,以及一些马克思主义针对的反击,虽名有些合理之处,但也均陷入了对马克思、恩格斯劳动价值论的绝对化和形式主式误解。     

外商直接投资、外包对中国制造业劳动需求弹性的影响

中国制造业行业的FDI与外包具有提高中国制造业劳动需求弹性的作用,这一影响是通过替代效应与产出效应两条渠道实现的。FDI流入与外包可能通过提高劳动需求弹性对中国制造业部门劳动者产生较大压力。     

“两化融合”对企业创新的影响研究--基于企业价值链的视角

已有文献在研究“两化融合”(信息化与工业化融合)对企业创新的影响时,忽略了两个重要问题：一是,企业活动通过价值链衔接而成,信息技术或产品会渗透到不同的价值链环节;二是,企业创新活动具有多样性,在不同价值链环节的创新形式具有差异性。基于此,文章利用2012年世界银行对中国企业所做的营商环境调查,从企业价值链视角,考察了“两化融合”对企业创新的影响。研究发现：产品设计、市场营销环节与信息化的融合提高了企业产品创新投入的倾向,生产制造环节与信息化的融合提高了企业流程创新投入的倾向。进一步的研究表明,企业“两化融合”整体水平的提升能够增加企业的新产品产值,有助于企业实现经济效益。文章的研究不仅丰富了关于“两化融合”与企业创新的认识,而且对中国制造业企业创新能力的提升和经济结构的转型也具有重要的启示。     

劳动与资本在价值创造中的正和关系研究

在传统剩余价值论的架构中,劳动与资本在价值创造中只存在零和关系。本文试图在劳动价值论的前提下,论证劳动与资本在价值创造中可能存在的正和关系。经历了有关资本主义劳动过程的长期争论,多数西方马克思主义者认为,发达资本主义经济中存在着工人技能升级的长期趋势。这一点为我们运用"成正比"理论奠定了经验的前提。劳动生产率与单位时间创造的价值量成正比的理论,在国内已有半个世纪的历史。本文进一步发展了这一理论,将其运用于分析以技术变革和劳动复杂程度提高为基础的价值形成过程,并据以论述了劳动与资本之间的正和关系得以实现的经济条件。这种在不同层面存在的正和关系构成了相对剩余价值规律的抵销因素。     

跨国公司与东道国产业集群的“双向嵌入观”

近年来,随着经济全球化的进一步发展,跨国公司与东道国地方产业联系越来越密切。基于此,本文将研究的视角从单向嵌入观转向双向嵌入观,论证了跨国公司本地嵌入与地方产业全球价值链嵌入是一种相互嵌入、互动耦合的关系,提出了块状经济与链式经济有机融合这一新的全球经济模式,并根据我国经济发展的实践进行了论证。在分析广东模式与浙江模式的基础上,提出了经济全球化背景下地方产业发展的有效路径。     

劳动价值论的数学模型分析:方法论特性与建构

马克思主义政治经济学方法是实践观指导下的科学的抽象分析法。劳动价值论的实质是唯物史观方法论的不断转化和科学运用,具体化形式是哲学思维分析与数学模型分析的统一,从而构成经济本质分析与经济运行分析统一的基础。具体而言,价值创造及运行对应了微观层面的价值(经济)本质分析和价值(经济)运行分析的统一,价值决定及其运行对应了宏观层面的价值(经济)本质分析和价值(经济)运行分析的统一。在当前,劳动价值论的数学模型分析需要更加广义化和应用化,以增强实际运用价值。     

自然资源资产价值核算理论与实践——基于马克思主义价值论的延伸

目前,国内尚未建立成熟统一的自然资源资产价值核算体系,更没有把自然资源资产的经济价值和生态价值进行统筹核算,其根源在于缺少自然资源资产价值核算的理论依据及指导标准。鉴于此,文章首先对自然资源资产的概念进行了辨析,在此基础上对自然资源资产价值进行了分类,并分别讨论了每类自然资源资产价值核算的理论依据。然后,给出了自然资源资产价值核算的思路和具体范围。最后,提出了自然资源资产价值统筹核算的路径和建议。通过研究得出自然资源资产价值核算要明确区分不同的自然资源资产价值类型,不同的自然资源资产价值类型对应不同的价值核算理论基础,其相应的核算内容、范围和方法也不相同。     

人民币升值对中国经济的负面影响及其防范对策

人民币在国内外压力下决定小幅升值,会对中国经济产生正反两方面的影响。稳定、适度的人民币汇率对于拉动消费需求、刺激国内经济增长、创造国际收支平衡等具有重要的作用。     

《小岭曹氏宗谱》宣纸研究史料价值及若干问题释疑

《小岭曹氏宗谱》是一部尤对宣纸研究有特殊史料价值的史籍,它给后人留下了有关宣纸经营、产区分布、重要宣纸人物和宣纸发展史上重大事件的记载,同时还引发了我们对历史上小岭曹氏历代遵行“口训”,长期有效地对宣纸技艺进行保密问题的思考。     

从价值论到价格论--经济学主题的比较与演变分析

本通过分析经济思想史中价值论的演变,在方法论层面比较了劳动价值论和效用价值论、均衡价格论,在现实困境和理论冲突的双重关照下,指出了以资源配置为研究核心之主流经济学的局限,并由此昭示了21世纪经济学主题进一步变迁的可能路向。     

制度-垄断地租与中国地方政府竞争:一个马克思主义分析框架

竞争性地方政府作为改革以来形成的重要制度形式,在相当程度上决定了中国社会主义市场经济体制的特点。本文不仅承续了既有文献中将地方政府的经济动机归于租金,并将土地财政视为地方政府利用租金开展战略投资的观点,而且试图在一个马克思主义框架内进一步发展这一观点。为此我们对租金的生产性利用和国家的经济作用的关系做了初步探讨,并将大卫·哈维的制度-垄断地租理论运用于分析中国地方政府围绕营建环境的投资活动。本文的基本结论是,中国地方政府在以土地财政为核心的战略投资中,充当了租金的生产性分配者和使用者的角色,并因之嵌入了原本由企业之间的竞争所带来的相对剩余价值生产过程,形成了中国经济特有的相对剩余价值生产双重结构,从而在相当长的时间内造就了世所罕见的高投资率,推动了中国经济的持续快速增长。