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马克思"资本家--工人"模型中企业家理论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李陈华 《新疆财经学院学报》2004,(3):10-13
马克思是伟大的经济学家,他用名的“资本家——工人”模型深刻分析了资本主义市场制度内在规律性。抛开马克思经济学中“阶级成分”,可以看出资本家追求利润时的企业家特征,马克思对这种特征的描述反映了现代企业家理论的许多方面。 相似文献
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基于全球价值链的中国汽车产业升级路径分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
经济全球化趋势下,中国经济的高速发展吸引了世界主要的跨国汽车公司来华投资,国内主要汽车集团通过和跨国汽车公司进行合资,嵌入其主导的全球价值链;同时,国内一批新兴汽车企业,坚持自主创新,树立自主品牌,构建自己主导的全球价值链。利用全球价值链理论,对两者不同发展模式及中国汽车产业升级的利弊进行了分析,并从自主创新的角度对中国汽车产业的升级提出建议。 相似文献
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Andrea Szalavetz 《Post - Communist Economies》2019,31(5):646-670
This article investigates the differences in the application and impact of digital technologies between manufacturing subsidiaries and lead companies, the principal orchestrators of global automotive value chains. Utilising a dataset of 10 in-depth interviews with automotive industry actors, we analyse headquarters–subsidiary differences in the patterns of digitalisation-driven upgrading. A theoretical framework is offered that explains why the significant upgrading achievements of manufacturing subsidiaries deploying industry 4.0 technologies will not reduce the gap between lead companies and manufacturing subsidiaries in terms of value generation. We show that the concept of ‘industry 4.0’ is much narrower than that of ‘digitalisation’ and transition to smart factories is only part of the digital transformation story. Industry 4.0 technologies contribute to the upgrading of operations, and enable subsidiaries to take on production-related knowledge-intensive assignments (functional upgrading). Conversely, digitalisation serves lead companies’ strategic differentiation efforts, and facilitates achieving competitive advantage: the latter are crucial for value capture. 相似文献
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By building a composite index for measuring national digital economy development and sectoral digital intensities, this paper derives metrics of industry-level digital economy penetration under the framework of specialization within global value chains (GVCs), systematically analyzes the mechanisms through which digital economy development affects GVCs upstreamness, and examines the moderating effect of institutional quality. The study shows that different dimensions of digital economy development significantly boost GVCs upstreamness, a conclusion that holds even after accounting for endogeneity through dynamic panel models with instrumental variables based on past data. Further research shows that technological innovation capabilities and resource allocation efficiency have gradually become important channels for digital economy development to boost GVCs upstreamness. Adding indicators on institutional quality reveals that greater institutional quality not only directly promotes GVCs upstreamness but also reinforces the impact of digital economy development on higher GVCs positioning. 相似文献
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张中元 《经济理论与经济管理》2019,38(10):57
本文利用亚洲开发银行(ADB)提供的贸易增加值分解数据构建出口经济体的全球价值链参与程度模型,实证检验各经济体间基础设施互联互通水平对各经济体参与全球价值链的影响。实证结果发现:基础设施互联互通水平促进了出口经济体在全球价值链中的前向垂直专业化参与率以及垂直专业化深度。贸易双方之间的技术差距、制度质量差距等因素会影响物流质量、双边联通变量对全球价值链参与程度的边际影响。技术差距、制度质量差距的增加会降低物流质量对出口经济体在全球价值链中前向垂直专业化参与率的促进作用,但会提高双边联通对出口经济体在全球价值链中前向垂直专业化参与率的促进作用。而技术差距、制度质量差距的变化对物流质量、双边联通对出口经济体在全球价值链中垂直专业化深度的促进作用没有影响。 相似文献
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中国电子信息产业发展的现状、问题与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
电子信息产业作为中国的支柱产业之一,在近几年的时间内得到了飞速的发展.随着高科技的进一步应用,这个领域势必有着更加广阔的发展空间.目前中国电子信息产业的发展在人力资源管理、环境资源、产业结构方面存在一些问题,实践证明,优化产品、产业结构,加强立法,发挥政府的职能作用,重视有关人才培养能有效解决以上问题. 相似文献
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In the period from 1995 to 2008, many countries experienced what we call the “value-added erosion.” It describes the decline in the sectoral shares of domestic value-added in a country’s exports as the country becomes more integrated into the global value chains (GVCs). We argue that the decline of the domestic value-added share in a country’s exports is likely to be caused by the expansion of high value-adding activities performed by foreign lead firms in the upper stream of the GVCs. The variables of interest — the domestic value-added share in exports and foreign high-skill labor embodied in a country’s exports (a proxy for foreign lead firms’ high value-adding activities) — are estimated using a multi-regional global input-output model. Using these results and other control variables, we apply a panel cointegration model to explain and assess the likelihood of value-added erosion and its possible determinants. 相似文献
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自主创新与全球价值链嵌入产业升级 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
中国嵌入全球价值链的产业处于一种从属、被支配的地位。这需要推动产业升级以改善产业的价值链地位,提升产业竞争力。嵌入产业的升级离不开自主创新,自主创新促进产业升级,积极采取措施推动自主创新实施才能逐步市场化,从而全面打破全球价值链对中国的低端锁定。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the relationship between participation in global value chains (GVCs) and export duration based on a model of discrete‐time proportional hazards. The econometric analysis relies on the merged data of Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms (CASIF) database and Chinese Customs Trade Statistics (CCTS) database over the period from 2000 to 2013. Empirical results suggest that participation in GVCs could positively extend export duration and is robust to various specifications, including the samples with multiple spells, measurement error, and the alternative measure of participation in GVCs. Further studies based on heterogeneous variables demonstrate that the improvement of product quality, asset‐specific investment, and product diversity for enterprises participating in GVCs could positively extend export duration. This paper contributes to our understanding of how participation in GVCs affects export duration based on firm heterogeneity. Our results may have important implications for enterprises wishing to avoid export risks. 相似文献
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本文首先分析了全球价值链的本质特征,在此基础土分析了北京市现代制造业海外直接投资的发展战略,提出了海外直接投资以整合产业链的新思维。 相似文献
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Peter H. Egger;Jie Li;Yu Zhao; 《Review of International Economics》2024,32(2):371-393
This paper proposes an imputation of a global input-output matrix, where China is broken up into 332 prefecture-type regions in three years of data, 2007, 2012, and 2017. Using the resulting global input-output matrix, the paper documents that sizable spillover effects exist with regard to economic volatility. In particular, such volatility spillovers are important for prices and somewhat less so for quantity shocks. We demonstrate that individual Chinese prefectures are large recipients and donors of such shocks. All Chinese prefectures together have a very large impact on the world economy in terms of the considered volatility shocks. 相似文献
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Global value chains (GVCs), led by transnational corporations (TNCs), have reshaped the world division of labor over the past two decades. GVCs are pervasive in low technology manufacturing, such as textile and apparel, as well as in more advanced industries like automobiles, electronics, and machines. This hierarchical division of labor generates wild competition at the lower value-added stages of production, where low wages and low profit margins prevail for workers and contract manufacturers in developing countries. At the top of the hierarchy another kind of competition prevails, centered on the ability to monitor and control intellectual property rights related to innovation, finance, and marketing. We argue that GVCs have had crucial effects on income inequality and the appropriation of rents in modern capitalism. 相似文献
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Clemens Lutz 《Review of social economy》2013,71(4):468-476
The current policy debate on opportunities for African smallholders in agricultural markets focuses on the need for proper institutions at the market level or governance in the global value chain (GVC). Both discussions neglect insights from strategic management. We argue that successful inclusion of smallholders in GVCs requires the deployment of strategic resources and capabilities in the farming systems. The consequence of this argument is that the ‘inclusion’ of smallholders in GVCs only makes sense if they have the opportunity to create strategic resources. 相似文献
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文章基于服务贸易壁垒与制造业服务化的矛盾分析了遭受服务贸易壁垒对制造业global value chains(GVC)升级的影响,并利用2000—2014年的跨国面板数据进行实证检验,得出如下结论:第一,遭受服务贸易壁垒会阻碍制造业GVC升级,降低制造业参与GVC分工的程度,缩短制造业在全球价值链中的生产长度,且遭受服务贸易壁垒会阻碍制造业在GVC中地位的提升,增加制造业出口产品中国内增加值的使用,减少国外增加值的使用;第二,遭受服务贸易壁垒对发展中国家影响大于发达国家,对中高技术行业的影响大于中低计划行业.分要素密集度行业来看,遭受服务贸易壁垒对前向参与GVC生产活动的影响程度大小顺序为:技术密集型行业>资本密集型行业>劳动密集型行业,对后向参与GVC生产活动的影响程度大小顺序为:资本密集型行业>技术密集型行业>劳动密集型行业. 相似文献
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特色产业集群是在特定技术、资源和市场条件下发展起来的经济组织,由于自身产业结构和功能的局限性,其发展表现出更大的锁定性和衰退风险,在全球经济一体化和价值片段化背景下,嵌入全球价值链是它更为重要的升级途径。本文通过提出问题,梳理文献,影响升级因素分析的基础上,构建了特色产业集群全球价值链下的升级机理框架。 相似文献
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AbstractThis conceptual paper discusses the challenges smallholder producer cooperatives in developing countries face while trying to access agricultural global value chains. We assess the problem of competitiveness related to lack of commitment and improper selection. Prioritization of open membership over selection is generally taken for granted in the policy debate on farmers’ market organizations (FMOs). We argue that open membership may work in community-driven organizations, however, it becomes a major threat for entrepreneurial FMOs. Inclusion facilitates free riding, which forms a barrier for investments of members. This is one of the major reasons why so many of these organizations are so much resource constrained, i.e. are not able to compete in the market without external support. FMOs should take targeting and selection serious if entrepreneurial activities are intended. Otherwise, they miss the opportunity to create a committed member base willing to invest in a potentially competitive organization. 相似文献
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The effects of rising labour costs on global supply chains: the case of China’s cotton yarn industry
Rapid economic growth in China and India has resulted in rapidly rising labour costs in those countries. In this study a Muth-type model is used to assess the potential effects of this development on global supply chains using China’s cotton yarn industry as a case study. The model considers i) product differentiation at the yarn level; ii) imperfect competition in the markets for cotton yarn and raw cotton fibre, iii) input substitution between raw cotton fibre, labour, and capital; and iv) offsetting increases in the demand for cotton yarn caused by rising consumer income. Results suggest the effects of rising labour costs on the supply chain are modest, and easily swamped or obscured by the effects of rising income. Increases in industry market power (both oligopoly and oligopsony) have the same effect on the supply chain as increases in labour costs, raising prices to consumers of cotton yarn, and lowering prices to input suppliers, including foreign suppliers of raw cotton fibre. The combined effects of increases in labour costs and income have increased the factor shares for labour and to a lesser extent capital at the expense of raw cotton fibre. 相似文献
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北京市生物医药产业近年来呈现稳步增长态势,但仍锁定在全球价值链底端。要突破这种“低端锁定”,一方面需要聚焦关键领域,探索新型研发模式,逐步提升新药研发能力;另一方面,应完善创新生态建设,有序完善外部产业布局,建立自主品牌。 相似文献
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略论全球价值链外包体系与中国产业升级的动态关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
全球价值链外包体系的形成是国际分工深化和经济全球化的必然结果。中国产业在国际分工的低层次地位使得寻求产业升级的路径变得更加迫切。通过对全球价值链外包体系的形成以及中国产业在其中地位的分析,提出在全球价值链外包体系中加速中国产业升级的措施。 相似文献