产业政策强度对产业发展影响的模型分析

产业政策是世界各国普遍采取的经济政策。产业政策的强弱程度与产业发展之间存在密切的关系,本文以Volterra的食饵-捕食者模型说明了,在产业发展的扩展期,应尽量减少产业政策对产业发展的干预强度,使产业内各企业充分展开竞争,促进强势企业的发展,竞争性产业政策有助于产业竞争力的提升,促进产业的健康发展。     

Catch-up strategies and the latecomer effect in industrial development

Since 2003, the West and Central African (WCA) cotton initiative in the World Trade Organization has stood as an ambitious case of Africa's desire to be integrated into the trading system and yet also receive reparations for past injuries. This article seeks to explore how and why the initiative debuted through close attention to the interdependence between power and language in diplomatic practice. It takes the concept of cognitive framing to explore the relationship between political legitimacy and mobilisation capacities. The genesis of cotton as ‘an issue’ is critically examined, focusing on how the WCA countries constructed a novel ‘competitive victim’ frame to define themselves and the problem. While this opening move was effective, it also featured tensions that were exploited by Northern actors who were threatened by the campaign. I argue that what followed was the introduction of a politically driven ‘counterframe’, which divided the problem into a ‘trade-related’ component and a ‘development-related’ component. It is important to understand why and how this distinction was constructed and monitored. By scrutinising the relationship between framing and institutional power, I suggest that the counterframe won over the original frame, leading to a re-positioning of the demanders and a re-calibration of their expectations.     

高新技术产业园区创新发展研究

中国高新技术产业园区经过十几年的快速发展已初具规模,对经济的发展及带动起到了明显的作用。中国高新区在不断提升自身实力的同时,也明显地暴露出一些亟待解决的问题,如高新区缺乏产业特色和区域分工、没有形成产业优势等,迫切需要我们对高新区的发展模式、服务体系、招商观念和管理体制等进行创新,以适应其生存与发展需要。     

Sustainable development of resource-based industrial clusters in Yunnan, China

The resources-oriented industry cluster is geographically close to natural resources development and processing industry.The knowledge-intensive,technology-intensive,capital-intensive,and labor-intensive is a relatively aggregate associated with natural resources and will structure commonality and complementary coupling so that economic and social development play a leading role in the complex adaptive systems closely related to ecological environment.A resources-oriented industry cluster in Yunnan has general common characteristics of industrial clusters and will form the characteristics of the enterprise spatial aggregation of innovative network of the industrial chain and value chain.According to the market structure of resources and resources market behavior in Yunnan,the particularity of resources commodity production has conduced resources market structure and general merchandise market structure many differences.Optimizing the cluster structure and extending the industrial chain have improved the productivity of the cluster and extension the lifecycle of the cluster to achieve sustainable development.     

The R&D system for industrial development in Taiwan

The research and development (R&D) system for industrial development in Taiwan is made up of three parts: industrial firms, government-supported institutes (GSIs), and academic institutes and universities. The Taiwanese experience showed that the effective interaction of the GSIs and the industrial firms has successfully supported the development of its industry. The Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) played the key role in industrial development during recent decades. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of ITRI and the way in which it fulfills its role through an examination of its major tasks. The implications for developing countries are also discussed.     

我国城镇化过程中产业发展问题浅析

城镇化已经成为我国经济发展中的一个热点,它对我国经济发展具有重要作用。城镇化实质上离不开产业的发展,且依托于产业的发展。目前,我国城镇化水平较低的原因之一是产业发展的制约,所以,我国需要在充分了解产业发展现状的基础上,对第一、第二、第三产业的发展进行合理引导,制定相关政策,以通过三大产业的良性发展,更好地促进我国城镇化的进程。     

Price caps and the error in X-factor calculations

Calculation of the X-factor used for price caps has a fundamental flaw when it is based on conventional growth accounting total factor productivity analysis. This error is discussed and the appropriate corrective action is indicated. In an example based on the X-factor used for determining the change in the price for local exchange carriers’ interstate access service in the United States, it is shown that the appropriate X-factor is about 25 percent greater than that based on conventional growth accounting total factor productivity analysis.     

The role of industrial policy in the economic development of Uzbekistan

This paper discusses the role of industrial policy in the economic development of Uzbekistan, which took a gradualist approach in transition and continued to record rapid economic growth from the early 2000s. It stopped depending on cotton monoculture and was able to achieve self-sufficiency in grain. It transformed itself from a net fuel importer to an exporter. The government promoted the manufacturing sector, focusing on the heavy industries, such as the automotive and chemical industries. Industrial restructuring in Uzbekistan has been supported by the industrial policy. The government has taken several industrial policy measures, including tax and financial incentives, state orders, policy selectively welcoming foreign direct investment, import protection and export promotion, and exchange-rate management. This paper provides policy implications for the other developing and transition economies pursuing economic development and considers the appropriate role of the government.     

成都金牛区新型工业发展的路径研究

成都金牛区目前正处于传统工业与新型工业的转型期,走新型工业化道路对成都金牛区破解经济结构调整难题、促进产业结构升级、实现工业可持续发展具有重要意义.本文在分析成都金牛区新型工业发展现状及存在问题的基础上,提出金牛区新型工业发展的思路及相关建议.     

Electricity provision and industrial development: Evidence from India

I investigate the effect of electricity provision on industrialization using a panel of Indian states for 1965-1984. To address the endogeneity of investment in electrification, I use the introduction of a new agricultural technology intensive in irrigation (the Green Revolution) as a natural experiment. As electric pumpsets are used to provide farmers with cheap irrigation water, I use the uneven availability of groundwater at the start of the Green Revolution to predict divergence in the expansion of the electricity network and, ultimately, to quantify the effect of electrification on industrial outcomes. I present a series of tests to show that the electrification channel remains the most important one among alternative explanations that could link groundwater availability to industrialization directly or indirectly. Results show that an increase in one standard deviation in the measure of electrification is associated with an increase of around 14% in manufacturing output for a state at the mean of the distribution.     

Does uncertainty justify intensity emission caps?

Environmental policies often set “relative” or “intensity” emission caps, i.e. emission limits proportional to the polluting firm's output. One of the arguments put forth in favour of relative caps is based on the uncertainty on business-as-usual output: if the firm's production level is higher than expected, so will be business-as-usual emissions, hence reaching a given level of emissions will be more costly than expected. As a consequence, it is argued, a higher emission level should be allowed if the production level is more important than expected. We assess this argument with a stochastic analytical model featuring two random variables: the business-as-usual emission level, proportional to output, and the slope of the marginal abatement cost curve. We compare the relative cap to an absolute cap and to a price instrument, in terms of welfare impact. It turns out that in most plausible cases, either a price instrument or an absolute cap yields a higher expected welfare than a relative cap. Quantitatively, the difference in expected welfare is typically very small between the absolute and the relative cap but may be significant between the relative cap and the price instrument.     

Designing price caps for gas distribution systems

We examine the applicability of price-cap mechanisms to the regulation of gas distribution company rates for gas supply and transportation services. Although distribution companies will continue to be regulated for the foreseeable future, we argue that a hybrid of price and profit regulation of transportation rates will increase allocative efficiency and provide greater incentives for productive efficiency. The design of incentives for cost minimization in long-term gas supply contracts is more challenging, but an index cap, based on the cost of gas acquired by other distribution companies, merits attention.     

Foreign direct investment, competition and industrial development in the host country

This paper analyses the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the development of local firms. We focus on two likely effects of FDI: A competition effect which deters entry of domestic firms and positive market externalities which foster the development of local industry. Using a simple theoretical model to illustrate how these forces work we show that the number of domestic firms follows a u-shaped curve, where the competition effect first dominates but is gradually outweighed by positive externalities. Evidence for Ireland tends to support this result. Specifically, applying semi-parametric regression techniques on plant level panel data for the manufacturing sector we find that while the competition effect may have initially deterred local firms’ entry, this initial effect has been outpaced by positive externalities making the overall impact of FDI largely positive for the domestic industry.     

政府发展性支出、产业集聚与绿色能源效率

为了探索政府发展性支出在产业集聚影响能源效率过程中的边界,本文从理论和实证两个角度验证了政府发展性支出在产业集聚影响能源效率过程中的调节机制和门槛效应,研究发现:(1)理论上政府发展性支出在产业集聚影响能源效率过程中存在调节效应,伴随着政府发展性支出的不断增加,产业集聚对能源效率的影响呈倒"N"型作用路径。表明过低或过高的政府发展性支出都会导致产业集聚扭曲,不能发挥其应有的正外部性,进而抑制能源效率的改善,只有适度的政府发展性支出才能发挥产业集聚应有的绩效,有助于能源效率的提升;(2)利用中国2004—2017年268个地级市的城市面板数据,在规避内生性问题的基础上,通过静态面板交互效应模型,验证了政府发展性支出在产业集聚影响能源效率过程中存在调节效应的理论假说;(3)采用面板门槛模型,验证了产业集聚影响能源效率的过程中存在政府发展性支出的双重门槛效应,门槛值分别为0.2517和0.2946,对不同政府发展性支出水平进行分组计量回归,结果与理论分析中产业集聚对能源效率的影响呈倒"N"型路径相吻合。表明,过高或过低的政府发展性支出趋向于抑制能源效率的提升,适度的政府发展性支出有利于能源效率的改善。     

美国信息产业发展战略对我国的启示与借鉴

20世纪90年代以来,以通信、计算机及软件产业为主体的信息产业凭借其惊人的增长速度成长为当今美国最重要的战略性产业。美国信息产业的快速发展与实施成功的产业发展战略是密不可分的。美国是世界上制定国家信息产业战略最早、颁布国家信息产业政策最多的国家。研究美国信息产业的发展战略(如战略目标、战略措施等),对我国制定信息产业发展计划、加快信息产业快速发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Effects of interest rate caps on credit access

Journal of Regulatory Economics - We study the liberalization of the microcredit usury rate in Colombia and its effects on loan expansion. In February 2007 the interest rate ceiling for microcredit...