IMC – an integrative review

This paper reviews and integrates extant work in the integrated marketing communication (IMC) literature. With this in mind, three alternative and widely disseminated conceptual frameworks proposed in the IMC literature are employed as a starting point. The review locates important points of theoretical intersection among these three frameworks, and drawing on the wider literature, develops and cross-fertilizes them into IMC constructs. The review then combines the constructs into an integrative framework by proposing theory-driven relationships and formalizing them using testable propositions. The final outcome offers a clearer synthesis and re-conceptualization of IMC.     

Using Means-End Analysis to Test Integrated Marketing Communications Effects

This article describes a study testing key aspects of the Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) concept, employing means-end analytical techniques. Although the hypothesized effects were not observed, the study is timely and ground-breaking because it contributes a new empirical approach to the IMC body of literature. It may also serve as a catalyst for additional research in the field.     

The development of integrated marketing communications at the British General Post Office, 1931–39

In the 1930s, the General Post Office (GPO) in Britain became one of the nation’s most innovative pioneers of marketing communication. Following criticism of the organisation in the 1920s for its conservative use of publicity, the GPO embarked upon a series of creative publicity campaigns that applied, amongst other methods, advertising, public relations, promotions, cinema, events and artistic posters. Through an overview of its publicity, and through a narrative of three case-studies, this article argues that one of the most important innovations of the GPO was its integration of marketing communication, both in terms of techniques used and in relation to its emphasis in promoting the organisation and the services it provided.     

Same But Different—Perceptions of Integrated Marketing Communication Among Marketing Communication Partners in Australia

This article examines whether two key partners in the marketing communication process, advertising and public relations’ practitioners, perceive Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) in the same way. It compares perceptions across a wide range of implementation, organizational, and strategic issues in IMC to test if perceptions have moved past Stage 1 of IMC development (Kitchen & Schultz, 1999 Low, G. 2000. Correlates of integrated marketing communications. Journal of Advertising Research, 40(3): 27–39. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Although both advertising and PR practitioners concur with each other and the literature on a wide range of perceptions of IMC, they still believe that advertising and public relations practitioners have dissimilar views about IMC. The PR practitioners position themselves as a separate breed of marketing communicator, requiring divergent skills from advertising practitioners and thinking differently about IMC.     

An IMC Process Framework for a Communications-Based Services Marketing Model

Integrated marketing communications (IMC) has been presented and examined; and, it has been challenged recently by some researchers questioning its relevance. However, some practitioners and academics still embrace its use. Presented through a case study, this article complements and extends the work of others by showing the importance of attribute identification through comprehensive research. It suggests that the message may be the starting place for measurement of IMC. Senior managers should consider this study's proposed IMC process framework where the product focus or corporate mission statement is the first step for IMC brand message positioning to help improve both short-term and long-term sales and profits.     

IMC: Has anything really changed? A new perspective on an old definition

Integrated marketing communication (IMC) has emerged as a new concept in marketing in the twenty-first century. IMC is mostly thought of, taught and written about as simply the integration of advertising and promotional activities. However, this paper proposes IMC as a broader concept. It is more than a process or activity within an organisation: it is a system of belief or engagement, embedded in an organisation's culture, underpinned by communication and driven by technology and senior management. We identify seven major tenets of the integrated view of marketing communication within the IMC literature, and argue that early marketing concepts of the twentieth century are no longer valid. IMC can be seen as a new paradigm in marketing, equipped with central concepts that apply to many business environments.     

Print Advertising Context Effects

Abstract

An expanded view of the advertisement credibility construct will offer a more complete representation of the factors that contribute to credibility and its outcomes. Based on recent proposed revisions to the advertising communication process model, a revised model of advertisement credibility is offered. A test of a portion of the model supports the inclusion of media credibility as a dimension of advertisement credibility and as an influence on attitude toward the ad, on attitude toward the brand, and on purchase intentions.     

Promotion mix management: A consumer focused Islamic perspective†

Religion penetrates deep into our social and cultural life but its significance in developing marketing theories has rather been disregarded. Islam has well-established business, economic and social systems and its influences are interwoven with the daily life of Muslims. Therefore, it is vital for the companies to comprehend the impact that religion makes on Muslim societies before designing their marketing strategies. Off late, Islamic perspective has been well appreciated in the form of Islamic banking and finance, with many western financial institutions incorporating Islamic ideologies in their operations. This paper aims to extend the application of Islamic values in development of Marketing theories, specifically promotion mix management. This study argues that Islam offers a parallel paradigm of conducting business and proposes a distinctive set of principles that can conceptualize the marketing field in its own inherent manner.     

旅游整合营销内容范畴探讨

整合营销传播理论适应了现代营销环境和市场需求的变化,对指导市场营销实践具有重要意义。旅游业与旅游市场需求有自身的特点与发展规律,旅游整合营销体系不仅包括营销"传播",而应包含更广泛的内容,至少包括旅游目的地公共营销组织整合、旅游行业部门优化整合、旅游产品开发整合、旅游品牌形象整合与旅游营销区域整合等。     

Customer Testimonials and News Clips as Contextual Cues in the Consumer Cognitive Processing of Online Shopping

SUMMARY

This study examines to what extent degrees of nudity presented in advertising differ across five countries (Brazil, China, South Korea, Thailand, and the U.S.). Content is examined by media type (TV vs. magazine) and product category (congruent vs. others). Results show that Thai and U.S. ads employ the highest degrees of nudity, whereas Chinese ads present the lowest degrees. Across all the countries, magazine ads and congruent-product ads employ higher degrees of nudity than TV ads and non-congruent product ads. The effect of product type on degrees of nudity is stronger in TV ads than in magazine ads and the interaction effect between media type and product type also varies across the countries. Our study provides richer and more specific implications for global advertising strategy with respect to representation of models and use of sex appeals.     

Do adhocracy and market cultures facilitate firm-wide integrated marketing communication (IMC)?

The conceptualization of integrated marketing communication (IMC) has evolved from the marketing communications-centered approach (in the early 1990s) to a broader, firm-wide organizational perspective. The latter is adopted in this research to define IMC as a multidimensional concept. This study was conducted to develop a measurement instrument to assess IMC and examine the role of organizational culture in IMC implementation. Data were gathered via an online survey conducted among CEOs and other senior managers. The findings provide evidence of the reliability and validity of the proposed IMC scale and demonstrate that the dominance of an adhocracy (vs. market) culture contributes to building a more IMC-friendly organizational environment.     

整合营销传播(IMC)：概念及实践特征探析

整合营销传播是适应信息多元化与品牌中心时代的新型沟通体系。"整合营销传播"概念框架中的"整合"有质、量两方面不同的内涵,在整合目标上有品牌战术传播和组织整体战略传播两个高低不同的层次,整合营销传播实践的运行特征包括"接触管理"、"协同效应"、"双向沟通"等三项指标。     

The Impact of Brand Equity and the Company's Reputation on Revenues

Abstract

This paper intends to establish the relationships among variables in corporate communications, especially between advertising and public relations, and to form an evaluation model for integrating the effects of brand equity and the company's reputation in the context of integrated marketing communications (IMC). A new approach for integrating the effects of brand equity and the company's reputation was introduced and the IMC evaluation model was specified for testing. The proposed model was tested with existing secondary data. The outcomes indicated that both brand equity and the company's reputation have significant impact on revenues and showed the positive relationship between brand equity and the company's reputation in the proposed model to justify the need of IMC in overall corporate communications.