信用衍生品在我国商业银行信用风险管理中的应用

我国商业银行针对其面临最重要的风险之一的信用风险采取的信用风险管理方式长期以传统模式为主,这种方式较为被动,缺少积极性及动态有效性。该种方式的缺陷在经济全球化的形势下显得更为严峻,而信用衍生品作为能够有效转移信用风险的创新产品,很有须要将其引进到信用风险管理中。在学习与借鉴前人关于信用衍生品在银行信用风险管理应用的经验上,运用了实证分析方法,对银行信用资产质量与信用衍生品交易量的关系作出了研究,得出了信用衍生品在一定程度上对于降低或转移商业银行信用风险产生了作用,进而保证了信用资产质量的结论,结合了信用衍生品在我国实际的发展现状与条件,提出了该产品在我国商业银行信用风险管理中运用的建议。     

气候变化与天气衍生产品创新

由于气候变化会加大天气的波动性,企业需要运用天气衍生产品来对冲天气影响的风险以稳定利润。天气衍生产品是一类特殊的金融衍生产品,具有自身特定的构成要素、标的变量、支付函数和定价方法。随着气候变化的影响逐步加大,天气衍生产品具有广阔的发展空间。     

金融衍生工具与银行系统性风险

从巴林银行倒闭到中航油、中石化衍生品交易巨亏,重新审视金融衍生工具与系统性风险的关系成为必然。金融衍生工具运用规模和比例呈急剧上升趋势,其初衷为对冲风险,契合金融服务实体经济功能,但由于其交易规则具有复杂性和不透明性,实施效果亟待检验。本文采用金融衍生工具视角,探索了分类金融衍生工具对银行系统性风险的影响及作用机理。结果表明,金融衍生工具会加剧银行系统性风险,包括外汇类和利率类金融衍生工具。金融衍生工具运用总体效果并不理想,且存在情境依赖,作用发挥呈现异质性。在后金融危机时代以及股市处于熊市时,金融衍生工具均加剧了银行系统性风险,在危机前则降低了银行系统性风险,但当处于牛市时则无显著影响。此外,在市场化进程高、机构持股比例高时,金融衍生工具加剧银行系统性风险的作用更为明显。本文从一个新的视角检验了银行系统性风险的影响因素,为探究其成因提供了新解释,也为未来系统性风险防控提供了新思路。     

美国次贷危机中的金融衍生品及其风险传递研究

美国次贷危机愈演愈烈已造成了全球金融危机,究其原因在于其中的金融衍生品运用与监管不当。本文对该危机中的主要金融衍生品一次级按揭贷款、按揭贷款抵押支持债券、资产支持债券型抵押债务权益、信用违约互换等及其风险传递机制进行了深入分析,探讨了其对我国金融创新的启示。     

金融衍生产品对上市公司风险管理影响实证研究

论文选取有色金属矿产行业以及能源交通运输行业229家上市公司作为样本,以上市公司是否使用衍生产品为解释变量,同时引用一系列控制变量,通过实证分析上市公司使用衍生产品是否会有效降低公司风险。实证过程涉及参数检验、非参数检验、相关性分析和回归分析,实证结果显示我国上市公司使用衍生产品会降低公司风险,这与西方主流的财务管理理论相一致而与我国学者以前的研究相反,由此推测我国上市公司运用衍生产品的能力逐渐娴熟。     

结构性金融衍生产品之探讨

结构性金融衍生产品是把固定收益金融产品和金融衍生品进行组合设计出的一种新型金融产品,种类繁多、结构多样。在美洲、欧洲和亚洲都有非常大的市场规模和繁多的产品种类。结构性金融衍生产品增加了资本市场的完备性、深化了市场的风险配置功能、增强了资本的流动性以及提高了金融衍生市场的信用水平。在我国结构性金融衍生产品首先以外币结构性存款的形式出现,自2003年以来得到快速发展。借鉴国际经验,应在鼓励结构性衍生产品发展的同时,着重加速金融衍生品交易所市场的发展。     

金融衍生产品发展及其有效管理

随着我国金融自由化及汇率、利率改革,金融衍生产品发展步伐日益加快。在国内金融衍生产品市场存在基础性缺陷的条件下,金融衍生产品的内在风险因素将有可能转化为系统风险,故要在“有节制发展”的指导思想下对金融衍生产品进行有效管理。     

Voluntary disclosure practices amongst listed companies in Nigeria

This study examines voluntary disclosure practices amongst listed companies in Nigeria. Results from univariate and multivariate analyses of 52 listed companies suggest an average voluntary disclosure of 44% based on modified Meek, Roberts and Gray (1995) disclosure index comprising 24 disclosure items. The study found significant positive relationship between voluntary disclosure and firm size, measured as the natural logarithm of total asset. The study documents significant positive relationship between market-based definition of firm performance and voluntary disclosure. The study also found significant negative relationship between percentage of block share ownership and percentage of managerial share with firm disclosures. The study has important implication for both individual and institutional investors globally, regulators and policy makers in developing economies.     

中国上市公司治理探析

公司治理是指，对与公司相关的各方关系的安排和处置，狭义上是指公司内部组织管理架构上的利益和权利关系的安排和处理；广义上还包括公司与其外部的利益和权利关系的安排和处理。具体而言，主要是对收益的利用和对权利的监控、制约之间的博弈安排。     

上市公司财务报告中的几个实务问题

一、股权投资差额与合并价差的关系 根据财政部颁布的《企业会计准则--投资》及其指南,股权投资差额是指采用权益法核算长期股权投资时,投资成本与享有被投资单位所有者权益份额的差额,用公式表示:股权投资差额=投资成本一投资对被投资企业所有者权益×投资持股比例.     

The Determinants of Financial Derivatives Use in the United Kingdom Life Insurance Industry

This paper examines the determinants of financial derivatives use in the United Kingdom life insurance industry. We estimate a probit regression model and a Heckman two-stage sample selection regression model using a sample of eighty-eight U.K. life insurers in 1995. Our results indicate that the propensity to use derivative instruments is positively related to a firm's size, leverage and international links, and negatively related to the extent of reinsurance. We also find that mutual life insurance firms have a greater propensity than stock firms to use derivatives. The positive relation with leverage and the negative relation with reinsurance support the hypothesis that U.K. life insurers use derivatives to offset risk, rather than as a speculative means of income generation. Firm size and organizational form are the main influences on the extent of financial derivatives use.     

Reward meritocracy or nepotism: The case of independent financial advisors appointed by Chinese listed companies

As independent financial advisors, securities firms are the core intermediaries in major asset reorganization (MAR) of listed companies. Furthermore, they play the dual roles of transaction and authentication. Based on this institutional background, this paper studies how listed companies choose between industry experience (“meritocracy”) and relationships (“nepotism”). Using the MAR of A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2013 as the sample, this paper shows that higher transaction costs (i.e., greater demand for the transaction function of advisors) are related to the higher possibility of advisors with weaker relationships and more industry experience being hired. It also shows that higher suspicion of tunneling (i.e., greater demand for the signal of fairness associated with advisors’ authentication function) is related to the higher possibility of advisors with weaker relationships being hired, but it is not significantly related to whether advisors have more or less industry experience. This paper also shows that reputation has a certain governance effect on the negative consequences of relationship. For the most part, listed companies reward meritocracy but not nepotism when appointing independent financial advisors.     

上市公司善用期指

2010年4月16日,格林期货金融研究院院长于军礼对上市公司如何利用股指期货,以及这一金融工具对企业投资部门、管理层、股东的影响进行了论述,以下为观点参考。     

后危机时代信用衍生市场的发展方向

信用衍生市场能够促进信用风险的定价、分散和转移,并有助于金融稳定。遗憾的是,此次金融危机的发生,导致各方对信用衍生品产生很多误解。本文试图对此作一澄清,通过分析后危机时代信用衍生市场的新特点和改革路径,找出其未来的发展方向,并对发展中国的信用衍生市场提出建议。     

美国金融衍生工具市场的发展、运作及监管研究

20世纪70年代以来,以资产证券化为主的金融创新从供给和需求两个角度推动了金融衍生工具市场的发展,该市场对于降低交易成本、削弱信息不对称以及提高资源配置效率发挥了重要的作用,并促使商业银行经营模式的转变和金融体系结构的变迁。但由于监管的疏漏,衍生工具市场对金融稳定带来了巨大威胁。鉴于此,美国金融监管部门加强了对该市场的监管改革,但关于改革的必要性和力度成为学术界和业界争议的焦点。就我国而言,发展衍生工具市场虽然有助于多元化融资渠道的构建,但以审慎原则为基础构建相应的监管体系也是十分必要的。     

后金融危机时代场外衍生品市场监管改革趋势

金融危机暴露出全球场外衍生品市场监管体制的缺陷。金融危机后,全球加强了场外衍生品市场立法和监管体制改革。从全球主要国家、经济体、国际组织提出的改革措施看,场外衍生品市场立法和监管制度改革呈现出以下趋势：提高场外衍生产品的标准化程度、提高市场透明度、推动集中清算、加强非集中清算交易者的风险管理、发挥资本金的作用、加强国际监管合作等。     

创业板公司审计问题研究

鉴于创业板公司存在着诸多不确定性,注册会计师在审计中应充分了解其行业特点以及经营和财务特征,掌握委托特性.同时,对创业板公司是否符合发行上市条件给予初步评价.在编制审计计划时,注册会计师应当关注包括收入确认、研发费用等重点会计问题,确定股本、税项等重要审计领域.在审计实施过程中,应围绕内部控制的研究和评价,辨析风险点,以使审计风险降低至可接受水平.由于创业板公司报表使用者的特殊需求,注册会计师应适时缩小"期望差距",提供包括审阅报告、内部控制评价报告在内的特殊鉴证报告.总之,注册会计师应当始终保持应有的职业谨慎,对特定风险予以特殊考虑,从而为会计报表使用者提供合理地保证.     

Estimation of global systematic risk for securities listed in multiple markets

In this era of rapid globalization of financial markets there has been a substantial increase in cross-listings of stocks in foreign and regional capital markets. As many as a third to a half of the stocks in some major exchanges are foreign listed. The multiple listings of stocks has major implications for the concept of systematic risk. This paper demonstrates that the estimator for systematic risk and the methodology itself changes when stocks are listed in multiple markets. The paper suggests general procedures, using maximum information from the multiple markets, to obtain the estimator of beta under a variety of assumptions about the error terms of the market models in the different capital markets. The assumptions pertain both to the volatilities of the abnormal returns in each market, and to the relationship between the markets.     

Waste Is Our Business,Inc.: The importance of non-financial information in the audit planning process

The objectives of this case are: (a) to alert students to the importance of non-financial information in the audit process; (b) to develop students’ ability to search for relevant financial and non-financial information in the audit planning process; and (c) to emphasize the importance of resisting the natural tendency to over-rely on financial information when conducting the financial statement audit. Students are asked to consider both financial and non-financial information when evaluating a client’s account balances. The client is in the waste business where there are a number of market, regulatory, and political factors that may affect the valuation of different accounts. Students are also directed to consider the importance of non-financial information in the integrated audit mandated by PCAOB Standard 5 and in fraud detection. The case can help students learn to explicitly consider non-financial information and understand the significance of integrating such information with financial data. The case is suitable for use in undergraduate or graduate auditing and assurance courses.     

上市公司国有股流动性折价研究

对于中国目前的证券市场,企业价值水平在理论上至少应包括四个层次,即流动性控股股权、非流动性控股股权、流动性少数股权及非流动性少数股权.通过对国有股协议转让的实证研究,国有股的流动性折价平均值为76.51%,进一步验证了我国证券市场股权或企业价值水平模型关于流动性折价的描述.由研究结果来看,国家对上市公司国有股权转让价格的监管正在不断发挥效力,并且有逐渐增强的趋势.关于控股股权溢价和少数股权折价,如果股权转让排名从第二名以外全部定义为少数股权,则目前的研究结果表明不存在控股股权溢价和少数股权折价;如果将股权转让排名位于前十名以内均定义为控股股权,则是否存在控股股权溢价和少数股权折价尚需进一步研究.