欧洲中央银行货币政策传导机制研究及对我国的启示

欧洲中央银行建立了货币传导研究系统对欧元区货币政策传导机制进行了深入、系统的研究,对货币政策总体效应、货币政策传导渠道、货币政策传导的国别和部门差异进行了计量分析,这些研究成果成为欧洲中央银行制定和评估货币政策的有力依据,也为我国中央银行深入研究货币政策传导机制,从而提高货币政策的有效性提供了若干有益的启示.     

The Bank Lending Channel: A FAVAR Analysis

We examine the bank lending channel (BLC) of monetary transmission in a factor‐augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR). A FAVAR exploits large numbers of macro‐economic indicators and allows us to consider an alternative identification of monetary shocks and analyze the lending response of banks at the aggregate and individual levels. We find that the existence of the BLC is more prevalent than previously thought using aggregated lending data, while the lending response of individual banks are driven more by specific innovations than monetary shocks. Nonetheless, the average individual bank response to a monetary shock is consistent with the existence of a BLC.     

An Empirical Study of the Asset Price Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission in China

By testing the impact of monetary policy on the bond market and the impact of the bond market on the real macro economy using different empirical methods, this article examines the performance of the bond price transmission mechanism in China’s monetary policy. Empirical studies show that monetary policy has power over bond yield fluctuations, while the bond market has a relatively limited impact on the real macro economy. Short-term bond yields have relatively significant transmission effects on some output variables, such as consumption, investment, and the consumer price index, while the influence of long-term bonds is not significant.     

The Trade Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence from Nonfinancial Manufacturing Firms in Turkey

This study investigates the trade credit channel of monetary policy transmission in Turkey by using a large panel of corporate firms and includes detailed information on balance sheets and income statements of firms that regularly reported to the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey during the period 1996-2008. The study suggests that the composition of external finance differs considerably across firm types based on size and export performance under tight and loose financial conditions. Small and medium-size manufacturing firms and firms with a low export share are less likely to have access to bank finance, especially in tight periods. In addition, financially constrained firms with limited access to bank finance (small, low-export-share firms) tend to substitute trade credits for bank loans more aggressively in tight periods as monetary policy tightens. The large volume of trade credit on firms' balance sheets and its positive response to contractionary monetary shocks imply that the trade credit channel might subdue the traditional credit channel of monetary transmission.     

我国货币政策传导途径区域化差异分析

通过对我国各地区1985~2009年相关的年度数据建立VAR模型进行实证分析,结果表明货币政策传导途径在我国不同区域存在着显著性差异：东部地区货币渠道发挥作用更加显著;西部地区主要依赖信贷渠道;中部地区则主要依赖货币渠道,信贷渠道作用极其有限。产生这种差异的原因可能是由于区域产业结构、金融发展水平及金融生态环境等因素的不同以及总部经济效应的影响。因此设立区域化政策性金融机构及省域资金流动监管机构、协调区域经济与金融发展、对货币政策中间目标区域化择取,可以在一定程度上减轻货币政策传导途径的区域化差异。     

An Empirical Analysis of the Risk-Taking Channel of Monetary Policy in Turkey

This article investigates the bank-specific characteristics of risk-taking behavior of the Turkish banking sector as well as the existence of risk-taking channel of monetary policy in Turkey. Using bank-level quarterly data over the period 2002–2012 a dynamic panel model is estimated. We find evidence that low short-term interest rates reduce the risk of outstanding loans; however short-term interest rates below a theoretical benchmark increase risk-taking of banks. This result holds for macroeconomic controls and external factors as well. Furthermore, in terms of bank-specific characteristics, our analysis suggests that large, liquid, and well-capitalized banks are less prone to risk-taking.     

The Bank Lending Channel Revisited

A central proposition in research on the role of banks in the transmission mechanism is that monetary policy imparts a direct impact on deposits and that deposits act as the driving force of bank lending. This paper argues that the emphasis on policy‐induced changes in deposits is misplaced. A reformulation of the bank lending channel is proposed that works primarily through the impact of monetary policy on banks’ balance sheet strength and risk perception. Such a recasting implies, contrary to conventional wisdom, that greater reliance on market‐based funding enhances the importance of the channel.     

企业异质性与货币政策信贷传导渠道有效性

基于货币政策传导理论,依据2008-2017年沪深两市非金融上市企业数据,考量企业异质性与货币政策信贷传导渠道有效性。结果显示:紧缩性货币政策通过银行信贷渠道传导,有效降低企业的投资规模;受企业异质性影响,货币政策信贷传导在高融资约束、高投资机会、高资产可抵押性和非国有企业中更能发挥有效作用。     

数字金融、银行信贷渠道与货币政策传导

作为新兴金融业态,数字金融发展会对既有金融体系带来怎样的冲击和影响?聚焦于货币政策传导机制这一宏观命题,立足于我国以银行信贷渠道为主导的数量型中介,运用我国商业银行、A股上市公司的微观面板数据,本文深度剖析了数字金融发展与货币政策银行信贷渠道传导之间的内在联系和影响机理。研究发现:(1)数字金融发展显著弱化了货币政策银行信贷渠道的传导效应,采用工具变量法克服内生性和控制影子银行变量等一系列稳健性检验后的结果依然支持该结论。(2)具体而言,数字金融削弱银行信贷渠道传导效果是通过改变银行资产负债结构和弱化实体企业对银行贷款的依赖而实现的。(3)上述弱化效应在以城市和农村商业银行为主的中小型金融机构以及低资本、低流动性和低报酬的银行中尤为突出。     

Monetary Policy,Bank Lending,and the Risk‐Pricing Channel

This paper identifies a monetary policy channel through the risk pricing of bank debt in the market for jumbo certificates of deposit (jumbo CDs). Adverse policy shocks increase debt holder perceptions of bank default, increasing the risk premia for some banks, thereby decreasing their external funding of loans. The results show that contractionary policy increases the sensitivity of jumbo‐CD spreads to leverage and asset risk for small banks, and to leverage for large banks. The results also show a distributional and aggregate effect on banking system jumbo CDs and total loans, producing a risk‐pricing (or market discipline) channel. This channel has implications for monetary and regulatory policies, and financial stability.     

我国货币政策个人消费层次传导的实证检验

货币政策微观机制传导中，居民扮演着重要的角色，其消费、储蓄资产的选择行为决定着货币政策能否在个人消费屡次顺利传导，没有重视消费传导的环节是导致我国近几年货币政策传导效力的下降重要原因之一。本文回顾了货币政策消费传导的理论模型，结合我国的实际情况验证了货币政策消费传导不畅的实际情况，并从央行作用于消费的政策工具、消费风险增大等角度分析出现这种情况的原因。     

从紧货币政策下的区域经济发展：青海案例

本文深入分析了西部经济欠发达地区——青海省十五以来经济发展的特点和主要矛盾,针对货币政策由稳健转入从紧,提出了相关应对措施。     

货币政策传导机制：货币渠道抑或信贷渠道

对中国货币政策的传导机制实证分析得出:货币供给量与国内生产总值存在长期稳定关系,货币供给量作为货币政策代理变量具有较大的内生性;但是信贷配额与国内生产总值之间不存在长期稳定关系。中国货币政策传导机制主要还是货币渠道进行的,信贷渠道还不是货币政策传到的主渠道。     

The Effect of Monetary Policy on Consumption Inequality: An Analysis of Transmission Channels through TANK Models

What transmission channels drive the effect of monetary policy on consumption inequality? This paper investigates this question with tractable Two-Agent New Keynesian models with search-and-matching frictions and wage rigidities. I make a distinction between credit-constrained households and unconstrained households and find that an expansionary monetary policy shock decreases consumption inequality between those two households through three channels: (i) the income composition channel, through fluctuations in labor and profit income; (ii) the savings redistribution channel, through fluctuations in real interest rate; and (iii) the earnings heterogeneity channel, through fluctuations in unemployment. The results are in line with the empirical evidence.     

Exchange Rate Pass-Through and Monetary Policy: A Cross-Commodity Analysis

This paper investigates how a change in monetary policy affects the degree and the speed of exchange rate pass-through to import prices in the emerging market economy, using a newly constructed data set from Taiwan's trading commodities. First, the analytical framework is set up following Goldberg and Knetter (1997) and Campa and Goldberg (2005). Next, the period-by-period and the multiple-period cumulative effects of monetary policy on the degree of exchange rate pass-through can be traced out. The dynamic panel data model is then estimated by Bun and Carree's (2005) bias-corrected approach, which enjoys easy calculation and robust testing performances, leading to more reliable empirical results. Our cross-commodity evidence strongly supports the partial pass-through in the short run and the complete pass-through in the long run. Moreover, following a change in monetary policy, this pass-through effect increases during several initial periods and declines to zero over time.     

资产证券化对我国货币政策的影响初探

资产证券化作为一项重要的金融创新,其广泛开展将对金融市场微观主体、金融市场结构,以及宏观经济产生深刻的影响.本文就资产证券化对货币政策可能产生的潜在影响进行初步探讨,认为资产证券化通过银行信贷和利率渠道削弱了货币政策的效力,并且将使中央银行对货币供给量的控制难度加大,中央银行继续以货币供应量作为货币政策中介目标将受到越来越大的挑战.     

The Risk‐Taking Channel of Monetary Policy: Exploring All Avenues

The literature on the risk‐taking channel of monetary policy grew quickly, leading to scattered evidence. We examine this channel through different angles, exploring detailed information on loan origination and performance. Ex ante riskier borrowers receive more funding at the extensive margin when interest rates are lower. Ex post performance is independent of the level of interest rates at origination. Still, loans granted in periods of very low and stable interest rates show higher default rates once interest rates start to increase. Risk‐taking is stronger among banks with lower capital ratios, suggesting that this channel may be linked to managerial incentives for risk‐shifting.     

利率政策环境与央行货币政策选择

央行的货币政策实施受货币政策环境制约,特别是实施价格型货币政策时,在不同的利率环境下央行可能选择不同的利率调控模式。为此,通过构建门限回归模型对货币政策调控模式与利率区制的相依性进行实证检验,结果发现：在不同的利率区制内中央银行的政策偏好和利率调控模式存在显著差异。在高利率区制,中央银行存在针对产出缺口调整名义利率的政策偏好;在低利率区制,中央银行则不存在这种政策偏好,低利率环境下货币政策效应弱化甚至失效是导致此区制中央银行不针对产出缺口调整利率的主要原因。     

信用衍生品对货币政策传导效应的影响

选取美国1981~2008年的数据,研究信用衍生品发展对货币政策传导效应的影响。通过运用协整回归、格兰杰因果检验及方差分解等实证分析方法的研究表明,信用衍生品的发展弱化了货币政策的效果,增大了货币政策时滞的不确定性。因此,中央银行制订货币政策时应考虑信用衍生品的因素。     

开放经济下中国货币政策独立性分析——兼论通货膨胀

开放经济下,中国货币供应量受制于外汇储备使货币政策丧失独立性。双顺差积聚起的巨额外汇储备是影响中国货币政策独立性的主要因素,通货膨胀也与货币政策的内生有关。应该改善一直以来实施的强制结售汇制度为意愿结售汇制度,加速利率市场化进程,尽快打通货币市场利率与金融机构存贷款利率的传导渠道,提高货币政策的效率,才能从根本上避免长期使用外汇冲销干预带来的各种政策弊端和机制扭曲。