Is small business better than big business for marketing managers?

This survey of marketing managers compares small business firms with large ones in relation to explicit and implicit ethics institutionalization, quality of work life (QWL), job satisfaction, esprit de corps, and organizational commitment. The results reveal that large firms tend to have a higher degree of explicit ethics institutionalization than smaller firms but not in relation to implicit ethics institutionalization. The results also reveal that marketing managers in small firms report higher levels of job satisfaction, esprit de corps, and organizational commitment compared to marketing managers in large firms. The study findings also show that marketing managers in small firms report higher levels of overall QWL, particularly higher-order QWL than managers in large firms.     

New business history?

This editorial introduces eight articles for the special issue on ‘New business history?’. Following a workshop on this topic, several submissions with discussions on business history methodology and studies with non-standard historical approaches were received and reviewed. In the editorial we provide an overview of recent debates in the discipline and provide a short introduction to the articles accepted for publication in this special issue.     

Where does business research go from here? Food-for-thought on academic papers in business research

This essay focuses on some of the adverse practices in business research publications. First, business researchers seem to have lost touch with business practice and to narrow the target group to fellow academics only, reducing the production of useful knowledge. Second, the objectives of business research publications narrow to impact and citations. This view leads to a strict focus on path-breaking theories and a denigration of replication and qualitative studies. Third, an obsession with the .05 significance level and corroborating findings leaves researchers with full file drawers of unpublished papers and could leave journals with a high rate of type I error papers. Fourth, complex, lengthy articles, the importance of carefully crafting a story around the research and a variety of style guidelines make business researchers less productive than they could be. Finally, a blind reliance on ISI's impact and citation scores may not do justice to a researcher's real contribution.     

The WTO and China's Financial business

WithanincreasinglyspecificandthoroughnegotiationofChina'sentryintotheWTO,someimportantbilateralagreementshavebeenreached(suchasSino-JapaneseandSino-Australianagreements).AfteritsentryintotheWTO,China'sopeningwillbethefocusofattentionofallsides.ThebusinessofforeignbanksinChinawillexpandrapidlyAfterenteringtheWTO,theexpansionofforeignbanksinChinawillbeveryprompt,someforeignbankshaveevendrawnupspecificprogramsforit.Thebusinessexpansionofforeignbankswillbereflectedinthefollowingfields:1)Fo…     

What is business in America?

This paper, presented at the Conference on Value Issues in Business at Millsaps College, is divided into three parts. The first sketches the logic of the evolution of U.S. business and suggests reasons for its remarkable success. The second assesses the power of U.S. business in modern society, both from an economic and political perspective. The third attempts to formulate the underlying philosophy of U.S. business using ideals such as the work ethic, entrepreneurism, democracy, and equality. Some of these ideals, the paper suggests, are irreconcilable. Thomas J. Donaldson is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Loyola University of Chicago. His publications in the area of business ethics include numerous articles and two books, Ethical Issues in Business co-edited with Patricia Werhane, and Corporations and Morality.     

Towards a new business history?

This article calls for a discussion about business history research. We advocate that the current typical approach in business history – dominantly case study analysis – maintains its prominent position, but the purpose and relevance of this type of research in the scientific method for business history is made more explicit. Moreover, the article proposes the application of additional approaches in business history, which specifically aim to develop theory and test hypotheses. These approaches are well established in the social sciences, but require adaptation to the particular needs of business history. The purpose of this article is to argue that opportunities for scientific explanations in business history are enhanced by engagement with the circle of knowledge creation where theory is confronted with empirical evidence and empirical observations feed back into theory formation.     

Mo(VI)‐5‐Br‐PADAP‐KBrO3极谱吸附波研究

在0.0046mol/L HAC -0.0046mol/L NaAC(PH=4.8)溶液中,以5.39×10-4 mol/L2[(5‐溴‐2‐吡啶)‐偶氮]‐5‐(二乙氨基)苯酚(5‐Br‐PADAP)与0.018mol/L KBrO3为体系,峰电位EP=-0.71V (VS .SCE),峰电流与Mo(VI)浓度在1.5×10-8 mol/L -2.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系下,检出限可达5.0×10-9 mol/L ,并且用多种电化学手段研究极谱波的性质及反应机理,实验表明为具吸附性质的吸附波.应用该法测定污水、自来水中Mo(VI)含量及回收实验,结果表明此法简便可行.     

Is more capability always beneficial for firm performance? Market orientation,core business process capabilities and business environment

This study examines the role of capabilities in core marketing-related business processes–product development management (PDM), supply chain management (SCM) and customer relationship management (CRM)–in translating a firm’s market orientation (MO) into firm performance. The study is the first to examine the interplay of all three business process capabilities simultaneously, while investigating how environmental conditions moderate their performance effects. A moderated mediation analysis of 468 product-focused firms finds that PDM and CRM process capabilities play important mediating roles, whereas SCM process capability does not mediate the relationship between MO and performance. However, the relative importance of the capabilities as mediators varies along the degree of environmental turbulence, and under certain conditions, an increase in the level of business process capability may even turn detrimental.     

Building Relationships with Major‐Gift Donors: A Major‐Gift Decision‐Making,Relationship‐Building Model

An important concern for many nonprofits is their major gift (MG) fundraising. Major gifts comprise substantial percentages of a nonprofit's annual budget, but to date there has not been any available stand‐alone, data‐driven, encompassing, nonprofit MG fundraising model. We propose the AID‐TIM (awareness and understanding, interest and involvement, desire to help, trial gift, information about what and how to give, and major gift action) model to alleviate that situation. Underpinnings of the model, explanation of the elements that make up the model, and benefits of using the model are discussed. Finally, detailed, how‐to sections for each element of the model are included.     

Canton Fair： where business is being done

In order to help export-oriented enterprises tackle the financial crisis and explore domestic sales market potential, the Ministry of .Commerce has recently issued a notice that the 106th Canton Fair will continue its work of promoting domestic and foreign trade, not only by holding domestic sales promotion meetings but also by setting up ＂Domestic Purchasing Centers＂ in which paid booths will be offered to domestic buyers.     

How market oriented are business studies degrees?

When business courses are being reviewed and validated, academics will often claim that the course prepares students for their future careers in business and management. However, contacting graduates of long standing (who are well established in their profession and who would arguably be the best judges of the course's value) does not always happen.

The objective of the research was to make contact with ex‐students, who graduated some time ago, with the aim of obtaining useful information on the following inter‐related topics:

1. Their post‐university career pathway;

2. The vocational relevance of their course;

3. Their attitudes to and take‐up of postgraduate and professional qualifications;

4. Their opinions of course structure and content; and

5. An assessment of market needs in the development/ modification of courses.

Graduates of the BA (HONS) Business Studies degree were contacted and the above objectives were achieved. The methodology used should be transferable to other institutions and disciplines.     

Computers and business — A case of ethical overload

A technological revolution with first order implications is undeniable and underway. That is the permeation of society by computers and telecommunications technology. For western society, committed to a social, economic, and value structure premised upon an industrial society, the move to an information society is more than disruptive; it is transformational. Current changes are so rapidly paced in relation to business planning that it creates major challenges and opportunities to reach out, influence, and guide the change.The telematics revolution will affect every aspect of our society since it will affect every aspect of our world which involves the generation, production, storage, or handling of information. Many ethical issues are touched upon. To sum them up, the new immorality is to choose to act in ignorance of future consequences. Joseph F. Coates, 3738 Kanawha Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 70015. This paper was presented at The Management of Computer Technology: Values and Choices in Corporate and Public Policy, during The Fourth National Conference on Business Ethics, Bentley College, Waltham, Mass., April 3, 1981.     

Korean Business Abroad——Korean business in china

Since China and South Korea established diplomatic ties in 1992, South Korean investment grew rapidly and soon became the main source of foreign capital in China.According to Ministry of Commerce statis- tics,as of the end of 2003,South Korea’s total actual investment in China amounted to 19,688 billion US dollars.Only in the first eight months of 2004,its actual investment in China had reached 4,661 bil- lion US dollars,more than Japan and the United States’ investment flows.     

How should managers treat ethics in international business?

Business ethics concern the consideration of moral in corporate decision making. International managers may be confronted with a variety of ethical dilemmas, usually due to differences among national markets in what constitutes legal or acceptable practice. Beliefs about what constitutes ethical business behavior commonly stem from one of four moral philosophies: teleology, deontology, the theory of justice, and cultural relativism. A framework incorporating all four is presented here which should provide a useful decision tool for international managers. An application of the framework and the complexities associated with it are presented next. We conclude that an effective integration of the company's perspective on ethics and the business behavior of the employees is critical and that it depends on top management, and the entire organization, demonstrating that they are serious about ethical business behavior on an ongoing basis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.