Faculty perspectives on international taxation topics

This paper presents perspectives of accounting faculty members on the relative importance of topics that should be presented in a one-semester graduate level international taxation course. Understanding of international taxation has become an increasingly critical part of the tax and accounting practices of the big four and other major public accounting firms as well as to U.S. multinational business firms. Therefore, college and universities may find it useful to provide at least some coverage of international taxation topics in a separate course or as part of other courses in their tax and accounting programs. If a separate course is offered, an important consideration of which topics should be covered in the course, since there are more topics than can be reasonably covered in one course. This paper analyzes the responses of members of the American Accounting Association's International Accounting Section to a survey of which topics should be included in a one-semester international tax course. Results are compared with those of prior studies to determine whether and the extent to which perspectives have changed over time and based on the type of survey respondent. Findings of this paper will offer guidance regarding topic selection to the accounting faculty members who are charged with developing an international taxation course. The findings may also be of interest to anyone concerned with international business in general and taxation in particular.     

Exploitation versus exploration in multinational firms: Implications for the future of international business

Given the economic weight of multinational corporations and their privileged access to resources, many different scenarios can be built about the future of international business and about the future impact of international business on economic, technological, and social development. In this paper, we argue that multinationals do not form a uniform organisational population, and we provide empirical evidence of the existence of traditional, rigid entities seeking benefits from low-risk exploitative strategies on one hand, and of flexible multinationals seeking higher performance levels by balancing the trade-offs between exploration and exploitation on the other hand. As these two sub-populations compete with one another for resources, we use a population ecology perspective to study likely ecological scenarios for the future. Our conclusion is that traditional multinationals tend to prevail over flexible multinationals, and the conditions required for a future society to allow a genuine growth of flexible multinationals are unlikely. This implies that multinationals remain primarily exploitative, and that as such, they will only be associated with marginal economic, technological, and social developments in the future. Other organisational forms, such as entrepreneurial small business and communities of practices are shown to be much more likely vehicles through which society can progress and innovate.     

Controlling der fakultativen Rückversicherung — in einem international tätigen professionellen Rückversicherungsunternehmen

During the last years the need for a high sophisticated ControllingConcept in respect of the international facultative reinsurance business has grown substantially. Facultative business is becoming more and more a strategic business unit or at least a profit centre on it’s own, which has to provide it’s contribution to the companies Return on equities. This (new) way of running international facultative reinsurance business requires a strong and powerful support from the controlling side. Controllers today are acting more as in-house Consultants servicing their clients, the management. The strategic portfolio view becomes more important and is beginning to dominate the (classic) operative controlling attitude, which can easily be taken of by modern and sophisticated IT-solutions.     

基于信息披露视角的银行表外外汇融资业务探析

如何正确核算和反映表外外汇融资业务、提高银行资产负债管理水平、解决表外外汇融资业务快速发展与信息披露滞后的矛盾,是当前商业银行外汇融资业务面临的主要问题。本文对近年来表外外汇融资业务的发展情况进行了分析,并在剖析信息披露现状的基础上,提出改进建议,以期为银行加强资产负债管理、防范国际收支风险提供有益参考。     

Community and international business futures: Insights from software production

This article explores the role of community in the field of international business. In particular, the turn towards community in the general business environment is considered before the scope for international production and innovation to occur in global communities is investigated through the example of international software production. The global production of software is examined through a comparison of the commercial software organization of the Microsoft Corporation and the non-commercial Mozilla Open Source Software (OSS) community. Insights gained from this comparison together with findings from extant research are employed to construct a range of scenarios that capture potential roles for community in the prospective futures of international business.     

国际分工理论流派及其综合

按照研究视角的不同,国际分工理论可以分为世界体系视角的国际分工理论、市场视角的国际分工理论、国家视角的国际分工理论、企业视角的国际分工理论、个人分工视角的国际分工理论等五大流派。本文对这五大流派进行综合分析,提出了一个新的分析框架。     

“Grand” corruption and the ethics of global business

The paper explores the ethical obligations of global business to refrain from corruption. Corruption is harmful for the growth prospects of host countries and can introduce inefficiencies and inequities. I argue that business corporations have an obligation to refrain from illegal payoffs as part of the quid pro quo implied by the laws that permit corporations to exist and to operate. The paper goes on to consider how firms might respond, and isolates situations where anti-corruption policies can be profitable for firms. It concludes with an analysis of international efforts to deter transnational bribery and with suggestions for additional international initiatives.     

Food for Thought on the ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide

This paper discusses issues relating to the use of the Association of Business Schools' (ABS) Academic Journal Quality Guide within UK business schools. It also looks at several specific issues raised by the Chair of the British Accounting Association/British Accounting and Finance Association regarding the ratings for top international journals, and for accounting education and accounting history journals. The increasing use of this guide by business school deans/heads as a tool for staffing and research resource allocation has significant implications both for individuals and specialist areas of research.     

滨海国际股权交易所创建始末

自2007年天津举办首届中国企业国际融资洽谈会（简称融洽会）以来,不过两年的光景,天津又抛出了创新红绣球：成立了国内首家专业从事企业股权投融资信息交易场所——滨海国际股权交易所（简称股交所）,将融洽会短暂的资本对接会议平台转化成可常态化服务的投融资信息交易平台。与其他国内外交易所不同的是,股交所大胆开创了一个崭新的商业模式——让经纪人成为市场交易的主体。试运营的结果证明：这是可以载入直接融资史的一个成功的创举。它不仅可以满足日益增长的交易需求,同时也可以实现股交所只做批发不做零售的商业定位。为此,《国际融资》杂志记者专程采访了该商业模式方案的主要设计者、股交所董事长王阳     

当代市场营销研究课题分析

在经济全球化和我国市场竞争愈演愈烈的背景下,我国学术界与企业界对于具有国际水平并适合中国环境的营销理论的需求与日俱增。如何借鉴国际先进营销理论思想,有针对性地对适合中国环境的营销课题展开研究,是一个亟待解决的问题。美国营销研究近年来的研究成果以及2004~2006年度的重点研究课题对我国营销研究具有重要的启示。     

Risikomessung unter Solvency II

With the enlargement of the European Union in 2005 several countries with a particularly low level of corporate taxation entered the Single Market. Big differences in taxation provide an incentive for insurance companies to shift their business activity into countries with low taxation. This incentive is aggravated by falling transport costs for insurance products over the last decade. This paper outlines the main factors driving the location choice of firms in an agglomeration model and presents additional, tax- and insurance business-related factors. Due to the peculiar production process in the insurance industry this industry is especially well suited for an empirical test of the efficacy of tax-related incentives to shift production abroad. The shifting of value added across borders is usually associated with cover up costs. In the insurance industry profit shifting can be done at high volume and low costs through reinsurance at foreign subsidiaries. This paper tests the hypothesis that differences in taxation induce a shift of business activity into low tax countries indirectly by estimating a model for Austrian data on international trade with insurance services.     

全球经常项目失衡问题的实证研究

近些年,全球经常项目失衡问题成为经济学家竞相研究的热点问题,并提出了众多不同的观点。本文利用全球范围内52个国家或地区!"1980￣2004年的经济数据对影响经常项目失衡的多种经济因素进行实证研究,就当前分析全球经常项目失衡原因中的一些经济变量对经常项目的影响程度提供了经验分析,并且对解决当前全球经常项目失衡问题提出了相关建议。     

关于发展人民币跨境业务的若干思考

文章提出,为更好地满足国内外市场和企业的需求,促进贸易投资便利化,下一步应在跨境贸易人民币结算试点的基础上,积极拓宽人民币跨境业务领域,形成各种相关业务相互支撑、相互配套、相互促进的局面。发展人民币跨境业务要按照适应性、主动性、渐进性、完备性的原则,积极稳妥、持续有力地推进。在此基础上,文章归纳总结了下一步拓展人民币跨境业务的对策建议。     

困境与出路——银行保险专业化问题研究

银行保险作为举足轻重的保险销售渠道,其模式一直是学界研究、业界倚重、监管关注的热点。本文在评述国内外相关研究成果的基础上,提出银保模式选择是市场主体逐利行为、自身风控能力和政府管制三个因素共同作用的结果。针对当前银保发展中的突出问题,笔者借鉴世行的建议及英美、台湾等地的经验,提出银行保险专业化的改革思路,认为这是当前银保经营参与各方共赢的可选模式,并对银保模式专业化变革的具体方式和需要关注的重点问题进行了研究。     

Living IT infrastructures — An ontology-based approach to aligning IT infrastructure capacity and business needs

Changes in organizational processes often interact with changes in the IT infrastructure. Accounting for the structural and economic consequences of changes to the modern IT infrastructure remains a challenge, as their complexity can affect more than one business process, and the need to share a common understanding between the IT and the business management challenges current IT governance practices. An integrative perspective of business processes and IT resources would help meet these challenges, but despite some progress such a perspective remains to be developed. This paper proposes a domain ontology – an Ontology for Linking Processes and IT infrastructure (OLPIT) – to model the relationship between IT resources and business processes for the purpose of measuring the business value of IT. The ontology was developed and evaluated in the context of a design research project conducted in the Hilti Corporation, an international manufacturing company, with the aim of defining how IT impacts the business and calculating the cost of IT services used.     

异质性、外部环境与城市商业银行跨区域经营决策

基于2006~2012年中国城市商业银行跨区域经营的数据,从银行异质性和外部环境两个角度研究银行跨区域经营决策的影响因素。结果发现,从银行异质性的角度来看,资产规模、资本水平、盈利能力、董事会独立性会促进城市商业银行的跨区域经营,风险水平与政府控股会阻碍城市商业银行的跨区域经营;目标地区的金融竞争程度与法律法规环境会促进城市商业银行的跨区域经营,而本地该方面因素对跨区域经营的影响不显著;本地与目标地区的经济发展水平均会促进城市商业银行的跨区域经营。     

全球经常项目失衡影响因素的实证研究

近年来,全球经常项目失衡问题成为经济研究者、国际机构和各国中央银行经济学家以及商务经济研究报告竞相研究的热点问题。本文利用全球范围内56个国家或地区1980年至2005年的数据,针对影响经常项目的多种因素进行实证研究,结果表明经常项目与政府财政收支、资本形成率以及开放程度等因素密切相关。在当前全球经济增速放缓的形势下,只有通过有效的国际经济政策协调才能促进全球经常项目失衡问题的有序解决。     

Determinants of International Insurers' Participation in Foreign Non-Life Markets

Mirroring the trend in the broader marketplace, the global insurance industry is steadily moving toward increased liberalization and deregulation. This study seeks to develop the first empirical model that examines the importance of foreign market characteristics as they relate to the participation of international insurers in the non‐life business of those countries. The analysis reveals that market structure is an important factor in determining whether international insurers participate in a given foreign market. In addition, for markets that are not competitive, removing trade barriers would significantly improve the desirability of those countries as host markets. The results also suggest that countries with higher gross domestic product tend to attract more involvement from international insurers. While this research focuses on the markets of industrialized countries, the findings will provide significant implications for those emerging markets that have not yet collected relevant data on a number of the variables included in this study.     

Future skills and current realities: How the psychological (Jungian) type of European business leaders relates to the needs of the future

How ready for the future are our business leaders? This paper addresses this question by drawing on two pieces of research. An international skills audit was carried out to ascertain if the skills needed by future business leaders would be different from the skills needed today; the results from 340 respondents are presented. These are compared with data on the Jungian type of over 8000 senior managers and executives taken from nine different European countries. Type was measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator^® (MBTI^®) instrument. The findings are used to identify challenges for the future. For example, although the audit suggested that skills such as the ability to empower others are likely to become increasingly important, people with the most common type preference amongst European senior managers (ESTJ) may, especially when under stress, have a particular tendency to want to make all the decisions themselves, without any input from others. The ways in which organisational psychologists and HR practitioners can employ psychological type to help leaders meet these challenges are briefly discussed.     

Disharmony in international accounting standards setting: The Chinese approach to accounting for business combinations

The paper addresses two distinct aspects of disharmony in international accounting standards setting. The first aspect relates to the political economic context of financial accounting standards. This is illustrated by the Chinese standards setters’ decision to allow the pooling of interests method of accounting for business combinations despite the prohibition of this method by both the FASB and the IASB. This decision by the Chinese standards setters appears to have been based on political economic factors related to the need for industrial reorganization in China rather than a desire to serve the needs of global capital markets. The second aspect of disharmony relates to the role played by differential understandings of the fundamental objectives of financial reporting in an international context. The IASB's goal of producing one set of global accounting standards to serve the needs of global capital markets has led to a reduction in the number of permissible accounting methods and a move towards the fair value accounting model. In particular, the IASB concluded that the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations should be the only method allowed for business combinations. In contrast, the Chinese standards setters have recognized the existence of both mergers and acquisitions, and in response they created two different methods of accounting for business combinations. Effectively, the Chinese standards setters developed an alternative approach to accounting for business combinations which challenges the IASB's goal of achieving international accounting convergence through the fair value model.