Health-related ad information and health motivation effects on product evaluations

This study tests the effect of health-related ad information on perceived product healthfulness and purchase intention. Also, the study investigates whether consumers' health motivation moderates the effects, because of the way health motivation affects processing of health-related information in ads. Three types of health-related ad elements are distinguished: functional claims, process claims and health imagery. These elements were combined in mock ads and an online experiment was run to test the study hypotheses. Results show that health imagery has the largest impact on consumers' product evaluations, while functional claims and process claims have much smaller effects. Health motivation shows significant interaction with process claims on product evaluations.     

Consumers’ Opinions and Use of Food Labels,Nutrition, and Health Claims: Results from Turkey

This study was conducted to reveal Turkish consumers’ (18–65 years residing 10 cities, n = 1200) opinions and use of food labels, nutrition, and health claims. The majority of both females and males (64.7%, 68.2%) seldom read food labels. Risk for not paying attention to food labels was increased 1.287-fold when the gender was male. The percentage of reading food labels increases as education and income levels of individuals increase (p < 0.05). Expiry dates of foods were the most frequent read item on labels (58.0%). Males mostly read information on label to learn the price of the food (71.0%) while females read it to learn the energy value of food (79.0%). Females had more knowledge on nutrition claims compared to males (p < 0.05). The nutrition claims, which were most frequently read by females and males, were trans fat free (23.5%, 21.0%) and low fat/fat free (23.3%, 20.5%). The claim organic was paid most attention on fruit and vegetables (52.0%). The claim “low cholesterol contributes to maintenance of cardiovascular-health” was the most common health claim read. In summary, Turkish consumer’s behaviour of reading labels and nutrition-health claims could change according to some sociodemographic factors and food products.     

Cynicism as a Fundamental Dimension of Moral Decision-Making: A Scale Development

Altruism and cynicism are two fundamental algorithms of moral decision-making. This derives from the evolution of cooperative behavior and reciprocal altruism and the need to avoid being taken advantage of. Rushton (1986) developed a self-report scale to measure altruism, however no scale to measure cynicism has been developed for use in ethics research. Following a discussion of reciprocal altruism and cynicism, this article presents an 11-item self-report scale to measure cynicism, developed and validated using a sample of 271 customer-service and sales personnel.     

Meat labels: consumer attitude and meat consumption pattern

This paper addressed consumers’ attitude towards food labels and the influence of different aspects of meat labels on beef, poultry and seafood consumption using data from a national survey in the USA. Approximately 70% of the respondents reported that food labels helped in the purchases of beef and other meat products. While 50% thought that the present level of information on meat labels was about right, about 30% thought that it was insufficient. Similarly, 80, 81, 60, and 80% of the respondents thought that it was very important that meat labels contain information regarding nutrition, ingredients, health claim, and production process respectively. Those respondents who thought that nutrition and ingredient information on food labels were very important also thought that meat labels helped them select beef and other meat products. Consumer preferences for nutrition and ingredient information on food labels were positively related with meat consumption frequency.     

碳纤维在旧桥加固中的应用

通过在京建线双山子至木头登段改建工程安子沟中桥加固中采用的碳纤维加固施工,介绍了碳纤维加固桥梁梁板的施工工艺以及特点,指出碳纤维加固强度高、防水效果好、重量轻、施工简便,且加工后可保持物体原状,不影响表面装饰。     

冲突性信息对消费者信息搜索行为的影响——基于功能性食品健康声称的实证研究

通过实验法研究有关健康声称的冲突性信息是否以及如何影响消费者的行为。结果发现:当有关功能性食品健康声称的有效性存在相互冲突(相对于互补)的信息时,消费者的信息搜索倾向更强;认知闭合需要在冲突性信息对消费者信息搜索倾向的影响中起反向调节作用;消费者对健康元素的矛盾态度是有关功能性食品健康声称的冲突性信息对消费者信息搜索倾向影响的中介变量。     

“99.9% effective”: calculating credibility and consuming trust in antibacterial promises

This article introduces the phrase “99.9% Effective” – the claim brandished on all manner of antibacterial hand sanitizers – as a contemporary marketplace icon. It establishes the contexts of global contagious risk in which antibacterial hand sanitizers' “99.9% Effective” claim proliferates and becomes a marketplace icon. Beginning from the premise that there is no separation between our material consumption of hand sanitizers and our consumption of the cultures of the antibacterial promise, it analyzes the material meaning of this marketplace icon. Situated amid a backdrop of quotidian but potentially catastrophic twenty-first century systemic microbial risk, this article uncovers the relationship between conditions of trust, the cultures of calculation and the work of consuming this marketplace icon.     

How does ad relevance affect consumers' attitudes toward personalized advertisements and social media platforms? The role of information co-ownership,vulnerability, and privacy cynicism

Consumers' responses to the use of their personal data for personalized advertising by platform providers are paradoxical. Drawing from psychological ownership theory and the collective information boundary, this study examines how the social relevance and personal relevance of ads impact consumers' attitudes toward advertisements and social media platforms. Basing on 350 responses, we confirm that perceptions of information co-ownership and feelings of vulnerability play a serial mediating role in the positive relationship between ad relevance and consumer attitudes. Specifically, ad relevance increases consumers' perceptions of social media platforms as co-owners of their personal information, which in turn reduces feelings of vulnerability and improves their attitudes toward personalized advertisements and social media platforms. Privacy cynicism negatively moderates the indirect effects of information co-ownership perceptions on two attitude variables mediated through feelings of vulnerability. Our research findings provide a new perspective on the personalization–privacy paradox and offer platform providers new insights into improving their personalized advertising performance and user–platform relationships.     

关于国际投资争端中违约竞合的法律问题分析——以ICSID裁决为视角

近年来,很多中国企业对海外资源领域投资采用与拥有资源的某些发展中国家政府直接签订合同,即采用了国家契约的形式。当东道国国家行为违反国家契约项下的义务时,就可能同时违反了东道国与投资者母国所签订的双边投资保护协定中的承诺,这就构成了违约竞合。本文将结合ICSID裁决的案例对该违约竞合的法律问题进行分析,并对中国在对外签订双边投资保护协定方面提出建议。     

Hedging Options: The Malliavin Calculus Approach versus the Δ-Hedging Approach

In this paper we consider a Black and Scholes economy and investigate two approaches to hedging contingent claims. We show that the general Malliavin calculus approach can generate the classical Δ-hedging formula under weaker conditions.     

我国森林资源债权管理问题研究

针对我国森林资源债权管理的问题及原因,完善了森林资源债权管理的法律漏洞,研究了各种森林资源债权管理的实现形式及适用条件,提供了多元化的债权管理模式,为森林资源主体利益的实现提供了可选择的平台和保障,以期为森林资源产权改革创造良好的债权法律条件,完成森林资源债权管理实际操作层面的任务。     

Consumer cynicism and perceived deception in vanity sizing: The moderating role of retailer (dis)honesty

While prior scholarship has acknowledged the overall positive influence of vanity sizing on consumer outcomes, no work to date has addressed the psychological process that occurs when consumers suspect retailers of dishonest sizing information. This is an important process to understand because perceptions of deceptive retailer motives lead consumers to react negatively to the product and the retailer, regardless of the retailer's actual motives. Thus, this research utilizes attribution theory to examine perceived deception as a mediator between consumer cynicism (a dispositional trait) and consumer outcomes. The results reveal that at higher levels of consumer cynicism, prior knowledge of deceptive sizing practices has an amplifying effect on the influence of consumer cynicism on perceived deception, while retailer honesty with sizing issues helps to block this influence. Further, perceived deception leads to reduced consumer outcomes, confirming prior findings in the literature.