Risk appetite,carry trade and exchange rates

Using exchange rate data from four different countries (time zones), we examine the relationship between the Yen exchange rate against major currencies (i.e. USD/JPY, EUR/JPY, GBP/JPY, AUD/JPY and NZD/JPY) and measures of risk appetite (i.e. the S&P500 index, Dow Jones Industrial Average index and the VIX index). Our results show that the equity indexes, especially the Dow Jones Industrial Average, play a more important role in the determination of the Yen cross rates than VIX. The popular carry-trade currencies, i.e. NZD/JPY, AUD/JPY and GBP/JPY, are more affected by the US equity market than USD/JPY and EUR/JPY. While the long-term relationships are consistent across the four different time zones, the short-term dynamics are different. We find that the response of NZD/JPY, AUD/JPY and GBP/JPY to changes in the US stock market is much greater in the New Zealand and Australian zones than in the UK or US. Although the short-term relationship between exchange rates and the equity index is quite strong, the error correction speed is very sluggish. We also find evidence of asymmetric adjustment in the response of exchange rates to changes in global risk aversion. Carry trade currencies tend to appreciate gradually when conditions are favorable but fall sharply when market risk increases.     

2013年8腘际金融市场运行综述

2013年8月，美元指数先降后升，总体上涨，欧元兑美元汇率先升后降，总体下跌，英镑兑美元汇率总体上涨，美元兑日元汇率先降后升；美元短期Libor下降，欧元、英镑短期Libor上升，日元短期Libor持平；美国、德国、英国中长期国债收益率大幅上升，日本中长期国债收益率下降；主要股指大幅下跌。     

Asymmetric volatility in the foreign exchange markets

We examine the presence or absence of asymmetric volatility in the exchange rates of Australian dollar (AUD), Euro (EUR), British pound (GBP) and Japanese yen (JPY), all against US dollar. Our investigation is based on a variant of the heterogeneous autoregressive realized volatility model, using daily realized variance and return series from 1996 to 2004. We find that a depreciation against USD leads to significantly greater volatility than an appreciation for AUD and GBP, whereas the opposite is true for JPY. Relative to volatility on days following a positive one-standard-deviation return, volatility on days following a negative one-standard-deviation return is higher by 6.6% for AUD, 6.1% for GBP, and 21.2% for JPY. The realized volatility of EUR appears to be symmetric. These results are robust to the removal of jump component from realized volatility and the sub-samplings defined by structural-changes. The asymmetry in AUD, GBP and JPY appears to be embedded in the continuous component of realized volatility rather than the jump component.     

Central bank interventions and implied exchange rate correlations

This paper examines the effects of the foreign exchange market interventions by the Bank of Japan on the ex ante correlations between the JPY/USD, EUR/USD, and GBP/USD exchange rates. The correlation estimates used in the analysis are derived from the market prices of OTC currency options. The results show that central bank interventions significantly affect the market expectations about future exchange rate co-movements. In particular, we find that interventions tend to temporarily increase the ex ante correlations among the major exchange rates. However, our results also suggest that intervention episodes are associated with lower-than-average levels of exchange rate correlations.     

2013年4月国际金融市场运行综述

2013年4月,美元指数振荡下跌,欧元、英镑兑美元汇率振荡上升,美元兑日元汇率振荡上升;主要货币短期利率下降;日本中长期国债收益率上升,其他主要发达国家中长期国债收益率下降;全球主要股指振荡上涨。     

2010年国际金融市场运行综述

2010年,美元对欧元、英镑先升后降,总体走强,但对日元贬值幅度较大;美元、欧元和英镑短期利率上升,日元短期利率下降;主要国家中长期国债收益率探底后小幅回升,总体降幅较大;主要股指振荡上涨。     

Maximum penalized quasi-likelihood estimation of the diffusion function

We develop a maximum penalized quasi-likelihood estimator for estimating in a non-parametric way the diffusion function of a diffusion process, as an alternative to more traditional kernel-based estimators. After developing a numerical scheme for computing the maximizer of the penalized maximum quasi-likelihood function, we study the asymptotic properties of our estimator by way of simulation. Under the assumption that overnight London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR), the USD/EUR, USD/GBP, JPY/USD, and EUR/USD nominal exchange rates, and the 1-month, 3-month Treasury bill yields, and 30-year Treasury bond yields are generated by diffusion processes, we use our numerical scheme to estimate the diffusion function.     

2010年8月国际金融市场运行综述

2010年8月，美国公布的多数经济数据表现疲弱，显示其经济复苏步伐明显放缓，市场避险需求上升。受此影响，美元对欧元、英镑走强，但对日元走弱。美元短期利率下降，欧元、英镑和日元短期利率基本走平。主要国家中长期国债收益率明显下降。全球主要股指下跌。     

2010年1月国际金融市场运行综述

2010年1月,受投资者避险情绪升温影响,美元对主要货币总体走强,具体来看,美元对欧元、英镑走强,对日元走弱。因各主要经济体中央银行继续保持宽松的货币政策,美元、欧元、日元短期利率微降,而英镑短期利率因意外强劲的通胀数据而出现微升。主要国家中长期国债收益率总体下降;全球主要股指冲高后大幅回落。     

2010年2月国际金融市场运行综述

2010年2月，受欧洲主权债务问题影响，市场避险情绪升温，美元对欧元、英镑走强，对日元走弱。因市场预期欧央行、日本银行和美联储将继续保持较为宽松的货币政策，英国可能率先加息，美元、欧元、日元短期利率基本走平，英镑短期利率微升。美国、英国、德国中长期国债收益率先升后降，日本中长期国债收益率下降。全球主要股指先跌后涨。     

2010年4月国际金融市场运行综述

2010年4月,受美国经济复苏势头良好,主要评级机构下调希腊、葡萄牙和西班牙主权信用评级,市场避险情绪升温影响,美元对欧元走强,对英镑、日元基本走平。美元、欧元、英镑短期利率上升,日元短期利率微降。主要国家中长期国债收益率下降。美国主要股指振荡上涨,欧洲、亚洲主要股指总体下跌。     

中国银行间市场开创卢布交易业务完善市场功能

1994年人民币汇率形成机制改革以来,中国银行间外汇市场挂牌了美元、欧元、日元、英镑和港币等五种国际储备货币。本轮国际金融危机以来,主要货币汇率波动加大,微观主体出于节约汇兑成本的需要,对人民币与新兴市场货币兑换交易的需求不断上升。为满足经济主体的需求,中国人民银行积极探索在银行间外汇市场挂牌人民币对新兴市场货币交易。2010年11月22日,中国银行间外汇市场挂牌人民币对卢布交易。挂牌以来,中国银行间外汇市场人民币对新兴市场货币交易健康发展,报价日益活跃,成交快速增长。截至2011年9月末,银行间外汇市场人民币对卢布成交53.10亿元人民币,2011年下半年以来的交易量也已超过了人民币对英镑的交易量。在我国银行间市场挂牌人民币对卢布交易一周年之际,本刊特推出四家人民币对卢布做市商相关经验与感想的专题文章,供市场参考。     

Trading the foreign exchange market with technical analysis and Bayesian Statistics

In this study, the profitability of technical analysis and Bayesian Statistics in trading the EUR/USD, GBP/USD, and USD/JPY exchange rates are examined. For this purpose, seven thousand eight hundred forty-six technical rules are generated, and their profitability is assessed through a data snooping procedure. Then, the most promising rules are combined with a Naïve Bayes, a Relevance Vector Machine, a Dynamic Model Averaging, a Dynamic Model Selection and a Bayesian regularized Neural Network model. The findings show that technical analysis has value in foreign exchange trading, but the profit margins are small. On the other hand, Bayesian Statistics seems to increase the profitability of technical rules up to five times.     

2010年3季度国际金融市场运行综述

2010年三季度,美元对主要货币走弱。美元短期利率回落,欧元短期利率有所上升,英镑、日元短期利率走势平稳。主要国家中长期国债收益率下降,并处于历史低位。除日本股市外,其他市场主要股指显著回升。     

2012年1季度国际金融市场运行综述

2012年一季度，美元指数振荡走低；美元、欧元、英镑短期利率下降，日元短期利率基本走平；主要国家中长期国债收益率振荡走高；全球主要股指振荡走高。     

2014年1季度国际金融市场运行综述

2014年1季度,美元指数小幅下跌;美元、英镑、日元短期利率下降,欧元短期利率上升;主要国家中长期国债收益率下降;主要股指出现分化。     

2012年5月国际金融市场运行综述

2012年5月，美元指数大幅上涨；欧元、英镑短期利率下降，美元、日元短期利率基本走平；主要发达国家中长期国债收益率总体振荡下行；全球主要股指振荡下行。     

2011年上半年国际金融市场运行综述

2011年上半年,美元总体走弱;美元短期利率下降,欧元、英镑短期利率上升,日元短期利率基本走平;主要国家中长期国债收益率先升后降;欧美主要股指振荡走高。     

2011年3季度国际金融市场运行综述

2011年三季度,美元指数前期盘整,后期大幅走强。美元、英镑短期利率上升,欧元短期利率先升后降,日元短期利率走势平稳。主要国家中长期国债收益率和全球主要股指均大幅下降。     

Deep networks for predicting direction of change in foreign exchange rates

Trillions of dollars are traded daily on the foreign exchange (forex) market, making it the largest financial market in the world. Accurate forecasting of forex rates is a necessary element in any effective hedging or speculation strategy in the forex market. Time series models and shallow neural networks provide acceptable point estimates for future rates but are poor at predicting the direction of change and, hence, are not very useful for supporting profitable trading strategies. Machine learning classifiers trained on input features crafted based on domain knowledge produce marginally better results. The recent success of deep networks is partially attributable to their ability to learn abstract features from raw data. This motivates us to investigate the ability of deep convolution neural networks to predict the direction of change in forex rates. Exchange rates for the currency pairs EUR/USD, GBP/USD and JPY/USD are used in experiments. Results demonstrate that trained deep networks achieve satisfactory out‐of‐sample prediction accuracy.