强化政策性银行在调节经济中的政策传导作用

政策性银行是政府设立的金融机构，是按政府宏观调控意图以金融业务方式在某些领域从事政策性融资的、兼具财政和金融双重职能的特殊机构，是连接政府与市场的桥梁，在政府调节经济过程中具有政策传导功能。在我国当前既要不断加强宏观调控力度，又要逐渐减轻政府直接干预经济的程度，既要避免“越位”，又要避免“缺位”的经济背景条件下，应发挥政策性银行特有的桥梁和传导作用，以实现政府在市场上应有的作为。     

政策性银行应对中美经贸摩擦影响的思考——以甘肃省为例

文章基于甘肃省辖内政策性银行涉外业务现状,分析指出中美经贸摩擦背景下甘肃省辖内政策性银行面临信用风险、汇率风险、中小企业经营风险等,同时也存在支持重点产业、助力涉外企业开拓新市场、拓展军民融合业务、加大特色化信贷投入、促进消费升级等机遇,提出甘肃省辖内政策性银行应通过发挥金融引领作用、拓宽海外市场领域、加强内部管控水平等措施缓解中美经贸摩擦冲击,助力甘肃经济平稳发展。     

小微企业融资缺口与信贷模式创新研究

小微企业在我国经济中处于基础性地位,在经济转型升级背景下对保持经济平稳增长、改善民生等具有积极作用。但小微企业存在着金融资源供给不足的问题,已经制约了小微企业发展和经济增长。我国金融结构以间接融资为主导,因此应建立小微企业政策性融资模式,弥补信贷融资市场失灵;完善推广"信贷工厂"模式,推进国有大银行的小微企业信贷业务;改进关系型融资模式,提高地方性银行对小微企业的服务能力;各类经济主体探索"互联网信贷"模式,创新小微企业信贷融资渠道。以此来完善小微企业信贷融资模式,为小微企业提供多样化信贷资金供给。     

深化政策性银行改革研究综述

2004年,十六届三中全会首次提出深化政策性银行改革,这引发了理论界关于“政策性银行改革”的激烈争论。2007年1月19日,第三次全国金融工作会议在北京召开,国务院总理温家宝作重要讲话,指出将按照分类指导、“一行一策”的原则,推进政策性银行改革;其中,国家开发银行定调市场化转型试点,进出口银行由纯经营政策性业务,向兼营政策性业务和自营业务转变。农发行将对农业产业化项目提供信贷支持。至此,政策性银行改革的序幕正式拉开。在此背景下,研究深化政策性银行改革,无疑具有深刻的现实意义。一、政策性银行改革的定位政策性银行改革的目标定位一直是学术界研究和争论的焦点。主要集中在:在新的市场环境下,政策性银行的职能定位是什么?与商业银行之间是否应该存在竞争?这两个问题,其本质在于改革的目标是以政策性为主还是以商业性为主。有的学者强调政策性。白钦先(2005)结合国外政策性银行改革的经验,从宏观的战略的层面解析了政策性金融与商业性金融之间的关系,得出结论:政策性金融机构在一定限度下可以经营某些商业性金融业务,尽管其限度和比例有时因国而异,但都没有超过以政策性金融业务为主的界限。他还特别提出,政策性金融和商业性金融,二者的界限在发...     

对我国政策性银行转型发展的思考

政策性金融作为政府以市场手段干预经济的工具,在实现经济协调发展的目标中能够发挥独特的优势。随着我国国民经济结构的逐步升级,政策性银行的传统作用在逐渐削弱,需要转型发展,以适应新形势和新任务。本文通过分析我国政策性银行目前面临的挑战和转型机遇,提出了政策性银行转型发展的对策。     

德国复兴信贷银行的发展及对国家开发银行的启示

德国复兴信贷银行(KFW)是德国政府为推动战后经济复苏而设立的政策性金融机构。在不同历史阶段,德国复兴信贷银行对德国的发展均发挥了极其重要的作用。国家开发银行(以下简称开行)是直属于国务院的开发性金融机构,自成立以来,开行为我国的经济发展提供了重要的金融支持。德国复兴信贷银行作为世界范围内最为成功的政策性金融机构之一,其经验可以为开行提供有效的借鉴和参考。通过对德国复兴信贷银行的业务模式及风险管理等内容进行了介绍和分析,以此为开行的后续发展提出了一些思考。     

我国政策性银行运作中存在的问题及发展建议

政策性银行与商业银行最本质的区别在于它的“政策性”。这种政策性体现在它的设立是不以盈利为目的，而是根据政府的政策意图，支持某些特殊产业的成长，实现经济结构调整以及政府的某些特定目标，其职能定位在弥补商业金融空隙和弥补市场机制的缺陷。但是在实践中，政策性银行的这种性质和职能并没有得到法律的确认，其职能、地位及政府的关系是不清楚的。这种状况导致政策性银行的职能定位不准确，表现为：     

论农业政策性金融职能的调整与完善

粮棉购销市场全面放开 ,必将带来农业政策性银行的粮食购销贷款业务进一步萎缩 ,使农业政策性金融的现有职能与服务“三农”的要求明显不相适应。为了研究现阶段农业政策性金融职能的调整完善 ,本文结合湖北省黄石市农村经济金融发展的实际 ,论述了解决“三农”发展问题离不开农业政策性金融支持和现阶段农业政策性金融职能调整完善具有必然性的观点 ,提出了农业政策性金融职能完善的构想。目的是通过探讨在粮棉购销市场全面放开的新形势下 ,围绕服务“三农”调整完善农业政策性金融职能 ,使之在农村经济发展中能更加充分地发挥其特有功能和作用 ,以推动农村经济和农业政策性金融持续、健康、稳步发展。     

德国复兴信贷银行的小微金融

<正>德国复兴信贷银行是德国政府为重振第二次世界大战后经济、配合欧洲复兴计划成立的国家政策性银行。在不同历史阶段,德国复兴信贷银行对德国的发展均发挥了极其重要的作用。德国复兴信贷银行作为世界范围内服务小微企业最为成功的政策性金融机构之一,其经验值得研究和借鉴。德国复兴信贷银行发展背景德国复兴信贷银行(以下简称KFW)成立于 1948年。20世纪70年代,KFW首次提出了有针对性的小微企业发展计划。随着经济全球化和德国经济实力的增强     

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中国银监会副主席阎庆民在“财经年会：2014预测与战略”上表示．提高金融配套支持实体经济的有效性．关键要发挥好政策性金融、商业性金融、新金融的“三项功能”．即发挥好政策性金融弥补市场失灵和商业性金融配置市场资源的功能．并帮助实体经济拓宽资金来源渠道．     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.