浅论跨国企业公共外交与企业社会责任实践活动的有机统一

本文要讨论的是跨国企业的公共外交实践与履行企业社会责任两者之间的关系。境外经营的特殊性是跨国企业公共外交实践和履行企业社会责任行为可以放在一起讨论的重要前提。企业的经营行为对社会的影响显而易见,因为企业作为一种社会组织,是构成社会的重要单元,受社会影响的同时也影响着社会,规避乃至消除对社会的不利影响,弘扬其对社会的正面影响是企业应当承担的责任。那么,企业的经营行为与公共外交     

企业社会责任：中国企业跨国经营文化的核心

基于利益相关体的社会责任实践已经成为世界上许多大型跨国公司的重要战略行动和企业文化的核心理念。但是从企业作为经济人的角度来说,企业承担社会责任势必加大企业负担,并进而影响企业效益。为什么企业社会责任实践会受到跨国公司如此的追捧?跨国企业社会责任实践的核心是什么?随着中国经济的发展和全球经济区域的一体化,越来越多的中国企业将走出国门进行跨国经营。时下这种重视跨国企业社会责任实践的潮流对这些已经走出或即将走出国门但又缺乏社会责任意识和实践经验的中国企业来说又意味着什么?本文拟通过对企业社会责任的概念的发展和跨国企业社会责任实践的演进入手,试图对这些问题做出回答。     

重大突发事件背景下跨国企业社会责任的构建——以A公司为例

随着世界经济的快速发展,越来越多的企业开始了跨国经营。而在其迎合新时代跨国发展的同时,对跨国企业各方面的要求也在不断提升,尤其是在社会责任方面。本文研究以跨国企业——A公司为主要的研究案例,就重大突发事件影响下其社会责任的构建进行研究。研究表明：处于当前的社会与经济背景下,跨国公司应明确社会责任的相应思想,并能够付诸实践。履行社会责任不仅能够提升企业的知名度,为企业的发展打下坚实的基础,还能进一步促进企业的发展,进而实现价值最大化。     

经营业绩、终极控制人性质与企业社会责任履行度——基于我国上市公司1999-2006年面板数据的检验

本文利用我国上市公司1999—2006的面板数据研究了经营业绩、终极控制人性质对企业社会责任履行度的影响。研究结果发现我国每股收益高的上市公司并没有比低的上市公司履行更多的社会责任；企业的社会责任履行度随着企业资产经营规模的增长而提高，但随着主营业务规模的增长而下降。终极控制人性质对经营业绩影响社会责任履行度的作用有显著影响。     

社会责任转移视角下中小企业人力资源管理机制改革研究

企业社会责任是微观经济主体的社会性功能所在,与盈利性功能共同构成其基本职能特征。中小企业相对于大型企业经营更为灵活,数量分布也相对广泛,是社会发展的"长尾"部门,经济主体履行社会责任需要依靠中小企业,中小企业履行社会责任则依靠有效的人力资源管理。本文通过对企业社会责任与人力资源管理的影响与要求进行分析,基于中小企业履行社会责任的角色前移定位而提出了人力资源管理机制方向的针对性改革措施,希望能够对中小企业完善人力资源管理、更好的履行企业社会责任提供参考。     

我国烟草企业的发展战略——基于企业社会责任视角

烟草企业的社会责任具有双重性,本文根据我国烟草企业的实际情况,从烟草企业履行社会责任的角度,探讨烟草企业对国家、对人民利益最大化的发展战略,指出逐步减少烟草的经营,实现自我否定,是烟草企业履行社会责任的终极目标。     

内部控制与企业社会责任研究综述

内部控制是企业价值管理和风险管理的核心内容,内部控制因素对企业社会责任的履行程度起着至关重要的作用,内部控制的失效往往导致社会责任意识的缺乏。然而,由于理论界对企业社会责任履行的影响因素及实现机理的研究较为匮乏,大大阻碍了我国企业履行社会责任、实现社会和谐发展的进程。据此,通过对内部控制与社会责任方面的相关文献进行梳理和回顾,以期能够发现此领域的研究趋势,并对未来的研究进行展望。     

对我国企业社会责任现状的思考

企业的生产经营活动对整个社会发展的影响越来越大,一方面,企业为国家创造了大量的财富,另一方面,也占用和消耗巨大的社会资源。企业的经营理念和行为无疑会对整个社会产生极大的正面或负面的影响。因此,在构建社会主义和谐社会的背景下,企业社会责任建设尤为重要。本文在阐述企业履行社会责任的重要性的基础上,分析了当前我国企业社会责任现状,最后提出了加快我国企业社会责任建设的对策建议。     

中资企业国际化经营中的企业社会责任研究

在企业社会责任运动席卷全球的背景下,开展国际化经营的中资企业应该如何履行社会责任成为困扰中资企业国际化经营的一大难题。要在国际化经营中履行企业社会责任,必须首先明确全球社会责任的共性要求:国际化经营企业在逐利的过程中,必须尊重和不损害东道国利益相关者和社会整体的利益;其履行社会责任的范围在于企业自身利益与东道国社会整体利益达到均衡。在社会责任的具体履行方式上,企业必须首先实现社会责任的隐性履行,再根据企业发展战略需要,实现企业社会责任的显性履行。     

产权差异、社会责任承担与流通企业经营效率 ——基于品牌价值视角

履行社会责任不仅有助于流通企业价值观念的外溢,更有利于实现企业内部经济价值与社会价值的统一.本文以2013-2020年我国上市流通企业数据为样本,探讨了承担社会责任对流通企业经营效率的影响,并以品牌价值为中介变量进行机制检验.研究发现,承担社会责任对流通企业经营效率产生间接促进作用,即承担社会责任会带来流通企业品牌价值...     

跨国公司全球环保责任战略选择研究

发展中国家消费者认为,跨国公司应当采用全球标准化的社会责任战略,采取自愿责任行为,并对此积极响应;跨国公司的全球社会责任行为对消费者的公司认同和公司评价都具有直接的正向影响。对于跨国公司来说,实施标准化的全球社会责任行为能够增加发展中国家消费者的认同及对公司的良好评价,并有可能影响消费者购买的决策过程,进而转化为"货币选票"。跨国公司应从战略层面实施全球社会责任行为,构筑企业的长期竞争优势。     

Visualizing CSR: A visual framing analysis of US multinational companies

The aim of this research study is to investigate how different levels of corporate social responsibility are visually framed through corporate publications used in marketing communications. Photographs used as visual marketing communication tools in the annual and sustainability reports of top American multinational companies that practice and promote measures of corporate social responsibility were analyzed. Findings indicate the corporations overall emphasize environmental sustainability efforts and visually communicate their practices through depictions of employees while other social responsibility efforts are often communicated through depictions of consumers. A discussion on the patterns of visual frames that communicate corporate social responsibility and the impact of visuals on organizational identity, brand image, and reputation are offered.     

Beyond Credibility of Doing Business in China: Strategies for Improving Corporate Citizenship of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in China

This study examines the perceptions of Chinese executives concerning corporate social responsibilities in their Chinese subsidiaries of foreign multinational corporations in China. These Chinese subsidiaries are found in the elementary stage of corporate citizen development even though their headquarters are in the advanced stage. The key challenges of moving Chinese subsidiaries to be better corporate citizens in China are specific Chinese business culture, intellectual property rights, internal due process, insufficient Chinese government support, and lack of knowledge of Chinese subsidiaries. Through this study, foreign multinational corporations need to invest in social capital that facilitates the transfer of knowledge of comprehensive corporate responsible practices from the headquarters to their Chinese subsidiaries, and to encourage their Chinese subsidiaries to be more actively engaged with external business partners that support corporate social responsibility.     

Corporate social responsibility and employee volunteerism: What do the best companies do?

Employee volunteerism as a practice of corporate social responsibility aids corporations by strengthening employee satisfaction and retention internally and by strengthening corporate reputations and connections with stakeholders externally. Of particular interest are the specific practices and procedures used by companies to encourage and support volunteer activities of their employees. We reviewed publicly available documents of Fortune's 100 Best Companies to Work For ranking to gain insight into how these best companies practice employee volunteerism and whether they link employee volunteerism to their corporate social responsibility strategy. We propose a connection of the position and importance of employee volunteerism in the corporate practices of social responsibility. Our findings suggest that many highly regarded companies specifically link employee volunteerism to their corporate social responsibility strategy. These companies also utilize similar practices to encourage and support employee volunteerism. We highlight the practices that managers could consider to support their corporate social responsibility efforts and offer several suggestions for future consideration.     

CSR-Based Political Legitimacy Strategy: Managing the State by Doing Good in China and Russia

The state is a key driver of corporate social responsibility across developed and developing countries. But the existing research provides comparatively little knowledge about: (1) how companies strategically manage the relationship with the state through corporate social responsibility (CSR); (2) how this strategy takes shape under the influence of political institutions. Understanding these questions captures a realistic picture of how a company applies CSR to interacting with the state, particularly in countries where the state relationship is critical to the business operation. This article draws on political legitimacy as a useful concept to directly address both strategic and politically embedded natures of CSR. This work extends the currently under-specified political implication of the strategic view of CSR and provides fresh insights to the political legitimacy research by specifying a typology of CSR-based legitimacy strategies and its contextual variation. China and Russia are the focal settings. A qualitative analysis of business?Cstate interaction cases is done using a database that contains the majority of CSR reports published in Chinese and Russian as the end of 2009. As a result, this paper identifies four qualitatively different types of CSR-based political legitimacy strategies and reveals how the adoption of these strategies differs across Chinese companies, Russian companies, and multinational corporations.     

Strategic and Moral Dilemmas of Corporate Philanthropy in Developing Countries: Heineken in Sub-Saharan Africa

This case study illustrates the dilemmas facing multinational companies in meeting social challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa (especially health-related ones). It also discusses the purpose, responsibilities and limitations of business involvement in social development. From a business standpoint, social challenges in developing countries differ greatly from those in nations where governments or markets effectively provide for the population’s health needs. The case illustrates what led a multinational to set up a corporate foundation and focuses on three strategic and operational dilemmas it ran up against. The case discussion shows that the ethical issues intertwined with these dilemmas are best understood using a variety of ethical approaches. We also show that Ethics of Care are just as relevant to analysing corporate social responsibility and corporate philanthropy as the Deontological and Utilitarianism theories commonly used in business ethics.     

Understanding Japanese CSR: The Reflections of Managers in the Field of Global Operations

This paper examines how Japanese multinational companies manage corporate social responsibility (CSR). It considers how the concept has come to be framed within Japanese business, which is increasingly globalized and internationally focused, yet continues to exhibit strong cultural specificities. The discussion is based on interviews with managers who deal with CSR issues and strategy on a day-to-day basis from 13 multinational companies. In looking at how CSR practice has been adopted and adapted by Japanese corporations, we can begin to see what implications arise from the fact that CSR is a Western-led concept, so opening up critical questions about the future development and evolution of CSR practice within a global context. In being exposed to the concept of CSR as practiced vigilantly in western countries, Japanese multinational company managers have certainly come to re-evaluate aspects of business likely to need rectifying (with potential concerns being gender inequalities, discrepancies in employee conditions, and issues over human rights and supply chains). Japan can be thought to be lagging behind in its understanding and adoption of CSR, in part because corporations do not necessarily state their policies as formally as might be expected. Yet, by analyzing more deeply the kinds of responses gained from CSR managers in Japan (and by placing their remarks within a broader context of Japanese culture and business practices) a far more subtle and revealing picture becomes apparent, not least a more complex picture of the local/global interaction of the frames of reference of corporate responsibility.     

The Influence of Internal and External Codes on CSR Practice: The Case of Companies Operating in Serbia

In this article, our aim is to examine the difference between the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice of the multinational companies (MNCs) and of the domestic companies operating in Serbia, as well as the influence of internal self-regulations such as statements of corporate values and codes of conduct, and external self-regulations such as the implementation of the ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards on CSR practice. The CSR practice is observed in five CSR areas: employee relations, customer relations, environmental practice, community and social involvement, and transparency in business activity. The findings indicate that the CSR practice of the MNCs is significantly different in comparison to domestic companies only in the area of employee relations. Furthermore, the overall results suggest that internal self-regulations have more influence on CSR practice than the implementation of generic management system standards. However, the existence of transparent corporate values, codes of conduct and implemented management systems according to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards does not prove to be strong predictors of CSR performance.     

A coordination mechanism through relational contract in a two-echelon supply chain

To promote social responsibilities of transnational corporation within the present world where such necessary corporation is seriously missing, this paper explores issues of decision-making and coordination of such a two-echelon supply chain that consists of a contract supplier and a dominant manufacturer. Considering the main reasons behind the lack of social responsibilities of multinational corporations, this work develops a model with punishment. Based on this model, we obtain the optimal decision for the supply-chain members under either decentralized decision-making or centralized decision-making. And we analyze whether the penalty rate will have an impact on the input of corporate social responsibility and how it will affect the self-interests of supply chain members. Ultimately, by exploring the decision variables of companies that practice stronger corporate social responsibility, we compare and analyze our models to draw several interesting and practically useful conclusions.     

Institutional Conditions of Corporate Citizenship

Exploring the concept of citizenship from the history of political philosophy provides suggestions about what corporate citizenship could mean. The metaphor of corporate citizenship suggests an institutional approach to corporate social responsibility. Citizenship is a social role, characterized by an orientation towards the social contract, collective and active responsibility, as well as a positive attitude towards the juridical state. By analogy, corporate citizenship is a social role, characterized by the social contract of business, a participatory ethics of business, the precautionary principle and the promotion of just international institutions. It is considered that corporate citizenship depends on a number of interacting institutional conditions that hold society partly responsible for the social performance of their companies. Finally, the problem of the dissolution of corporate social responsibility is reviewed in an institutional environment where everyone is considered responsible.