实施绿色经济政策与企业环境信息披露问题探讨

国家环境保护部与银监会、保监会、证监会联合实施绿色经济政策--"绿色信贷"、 "绿色保险"、 "绿色证券",针对企业在环境方面的表现,银行会实施不同的信贷决策,保险公司会制定不同的承保方案,证券监管部门会在企业申请上市和再融资方面实施不同的政策.银行的信贷决策、保险公司的承保方案和证券监管部门的监管政策都会对企业的经营发展产生影响,这就要求企业加强环境信息披露.绿色经济政策为环境信息披露目前存在的问题提供了一些解决途径,并为环境信息披露提供了带有压力的外部环境,因此,企业要从各方面逐步完善环境信息披露.     

绿色与非绿色技术对后续创新影响的比较——“厚此薄彼”还是“双赢策略”

尽管绿色技术一直被认为具有广阔的发展前景,但这些技术在企业间的扩散率却很低。企业在非绿色与绿色技术创新关系上存在“厚此薄彼”的现象。基于1992—2019年中国制造业上市公司专利数据研究发现,相较于非绿色技术,绿色技术的前向引用次数更多,且产生了更大的知识溢出效应,对整个社会后续创新具有更大的正向影响力。此外,由于高能耗行业存在转化成本高、自身知识储备不足等问题,随着能耗水平提升,绿色技术对后续创新的正向影响力逐渐减弱。相较于非国有控股企业,国有控股企业绿色技术对后续创新产生了显著正向影响。该结论对政府设计绿色与非绿色创新“双赢策略”,促进企业从“厚此薄彼”转向绿色与非绿色技术双创新具有重要意义。     

制造业绿色工艺创新扩散过程研究

创新扩散是影响制造业绿色工艺创新能力的重要因素之一。制造业绿色工艺创新扩散包括扩散要素的构成和扩散阶段的划定两个方面。制造业绿色工艺创新扩散要素包括扩散源、扩散内容、扩散媒介和扩散接受体。根据扩散接受体的不同,提出了制造企业内部和制造企业之间绿色工艺创新扩散过程模型,并以家用电力器具制造业为例进行了实证分析。     

新时期下的政府绿色审计工作探讨

面对世界环境日益恶化,各国现在正在大力加强政府绿色审计工作.但是,中国政府绿色审计尚处在理论探讨的初级阶段,与世界绿色审计研究与审计实践差距还很大.尤其是是进入21世纪,如何防止国际贸易"绿色壁垒"、加强会计监管力度、开展对企事业单位进行有关自然资源、环境披露的绿色审计工作等问题也迫在眉睫亟待解决.     

政府、企业还是公众推动了企业绿色制造

构建企业绿色制造驱动因素的指标体系,在此基础上提出以政府推动、企业主动和公众拉动为主导的三种企业绿色制造动力模式。应用结构方程模型将驱动因素分解为企业绿色制造的影响因素指标量表,并构建企业绿色制造动力因素模型。通过调查问卷获得企业绿色制造动力来源的微观数据,进行结构方程模型的修正和调整,拟合出我国企业绿色制造动力模式的路径图。研究结果表明:我国绿色制造动力模式是以政府推动为主、公众拉动和企业主动为辅的动力模式。在绿色制造的驱动因素中,行政监管力度、政府制度建设水平和消费者对绿色产品的偏好是企业绿色制造的三大驱动力。     

企业绿色技术创新研究

本文根据我国企业当前开发利用绿色技术的现状，分析了在绿色技术创新与扩散中存在的问题和障碍因素，并给出了相应对策建议     

绿色消费与企业经营管理变革

绿色消费要求企业准确把握市场定位,实施绿色发展战略,建设绿色企业文化,创新绿色技术,制定绿色营销规划。从材料的选购、产品结构、功能性能、设计理念、制造过程层层把关,在产品的包装、运输、储存及使用、废弃物的处理等方面考虑各种可能受到影响的因素,加强生态、环保、节能、资源利用等方面的控制与遴选,确保绿色消费链条的顺畅。     

环境规制背景下的企业绿色技术创新探析

技术创新是破解企业发展困境的关键.在环境问题越来越凸显的今天,企业要在环境规制背景下,实现顺利发展,技术层面,亟需实施绿色技术创新.本文探究了绿色技术创新的内涵,阐释了企业实施绿色技术创新具有实现企业可持续发展、突破绿色壁垒、利用市场机会、塑造良好社会形象等重要意义,分析了我国企业在实施绿色技术创新中存在的诸多不足,论证了其根源在于环保意识相对薄弱、组织结构不合理、政策不够得力和有效、绿色市场尚未真正形成等因素,提出了应对企业绿色技术创新予以财税、金融、法律和政策的支持、倡导人们进行绿色消费、进行相应的制度创新和组织创新等建议.     

碳减排视角下京津冀绿色技术创新体系供求失衡及对策分析

根据京津冀各省市2007-2019年绿色发明专利授权量和2005-2019年碳排放量,应用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数,分析绿色技术供求均衡关系.结果表明,京津冀绿色技术供给侧与需求端均呈现不足和不均衡,区域绿色技术供求严重失衡,碳排放量较大的城市绿色创新反而薄弱.针对研究结果,提出扩大绿色技术供给与需求、强化企业主体地位、建设一体化绿色技术市场、打造绿色创新共同体、构建市场导向的绿色创新生态等对策建议.     

机构投资者持股与企业绿色创新——基于动力和路径的双重视角

机构投资者有能力和责任对企业施加影响,实现企业绿色转型。本文将机构投资者与ESG、CSR投资的相关研究拓展至绿色创新领域,采用2005—2019年中国A股非金融上市公司年度面板数据,创新性地从动力和路径双重视角实证研究机构投资者持股对企业绿色创新的影响。研究发现：机构投资者持股显著提高企业绿色创新水平;机构收益和监管压力是机构投资者推动企业绿色创新的两大动机;缓解融资约束是机构投资者推动企业绿色创新的有效路径,而改善企业治理水平对绿色创新影响不显著;压力抵制型机构持股显著增强企业绿色创新水平,但是压力敏感型机构持股与企业绿色创新之间无显著关系;区域绿色创新水平越高,机构投资者持股对企业绿色创新的正向影响越强;相较于低污染行业,机构投资者持股增加对高污染行业的绿色创新的影响更大。结合当前绿色金融领域的具体实践,本文认为可以通过完善激励机制体系、提升内部治理效率、优化外部监管环境推动企业绿色创新。     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.     

Why rationality may be a consequence of Hume's theory of choice

Facing R. Sugden's criticism of our interpretation, it is shown in this paper that rationality appears as a possible consequence of Hume's theory of choice. We first argue that Sugden's dismissal of the preference relation from the type of rationality through which Hume's theory is apprehended, is highly disputable, from the point of view of both standard choice theory and Hume's theory of passions. Nonetheless, Sugden's criterion of rationality might be restated in Humean terms as a condition of non-revision of preferences in the dynamics of passions. But, since the process of choice that we have described explicitly takes into account the revision of preferences, and shows that, when this last is no longer required, rationality occurs as an outcome of this process, it is not really concerned by Sugden's criticism.     

Team Dynamics Where Followers Have Illusion about Guide

A team is assigned to accomplish a task in each infinitely-repeated period. The guide of the team and his followers are allowed to have asymmetric productivity; also the followers have either a hostile or favorable illusion toward the guide. Respective efforts and the followers’ illusion are private information. At the end of each period, the output of the joint task emerges and the followers evaluate the guide. The analysis shows (1) that potential for an unreasonable evaluation suppresses the guide’s effort down to an average level; (2) letting the followers inform the guide of their illusion in advance increases both sides’ payoffs; (3) abolishing the evaluation reduces both sides’ payoffs in general; and (4) however, if the magnitude of the followers’ hostile illusion weighted by its relative probability is enormous, abolishing the evaluation increases the output and the guide’s payoff.     

US Hegemony and the Origins of Japanese Nuclear Power: The Politics of Consent

This paper deploys the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and consent in order to explore the process whereby nuclear power was brought to Japan. The core argument is that nuclear power was brought to Japan as a consequence of US hegemony. Rather than a simple manifestation of one state exerting material ‘power over' another, bringing nuclear power to Japan involved a series of compromises worked out within and between state and civil society in both Japan and the USA. Ideologies of nationalism, imperialism and modernity underpinned the process, coalescing in post-war debates about the future trajectory of Japanese society, Japan's Cold War alliance with the USA and the role of nuclear power in both. Consent to nuclear power was secured through the generation of a psychological state in the public mind combining the fear of nuclear attack and the hope of unlimited consumption in a nuclear-fuelled post-modern world.