1990—2007年中国居民主观幸福感的影响因素研究

对世界价值观调查数据中1990—2007年的中国部分数据进行分析,可以了解近20年来中国居民主观幸福感的变化趋势和影响因素。通过描述统计和分层回归模型分析,研究发现:近20年来,中国居民的主观幸福感呈下降趋势;人口学变量中的性别、年龄、健康、婚姻、教育和工作都对主观幸福感有影响;相对收入和社会失范对主观幸福感的影响比较大。为了提高中国居民的主观幸福感,在增加绝对收入的同时,缩小社会的相对收入和搞好精神文明建设是非常重要的。     

风险态度、金融教育与家庭金融资产选择

文章基于中国城市居民消费金融调查数据,研究了风险态度、金融教育对家庭金融资产选择和家庭金融市场参与的影响。结果发现,风险态度显著影响家庭金融资产组合分散化程度,风险厌恶程度越高,金融资产组合分散化程度越低。风险态度对家庭正规金融市场参与有显著影响,风险厌恶程度的提高会显著降低家庭在股票、基金、债券、储蓄性保险市场的参与概率,风险厌恶程度增加一单位,家庭参与股票市场的可能性会降低10.5%。风险厌恶程度对股票、基金、债券、储蓄性保险资产在家庭金融资产中的比例具有显著的负向影响。家庭的金融教育投入对风险资产持有比重条件分布的影响上,呈先上升后下降趋势,中间分位的要大于两端。文章相应的政策含义是,政府及金融管理部门需要普及金融教育知识,提高居民的金融风险认知水平,从而优化家庭金融资产选择,改善居民金融福利。     

政府支出对居民消费的影响研究--基于空间动态面板模型的分析

本文在居民消费效用最大化的理论背景下,结合统计年鉴相关数据,利用空间动态面板模型,研究了1997-2013年中国的政府支出对全体居民、城镇居民以及农村居民消费的影响。研究结果表明：居民消费存在显著的习惯效应,政府支出和居民收入增加会促进居民消费,各省份之间居民消费既可能存在相互促进的关系,也可能存在相互竞争的关系。因此为了促进居民消费,需要适当地保持较好的消费习惯,改变不良的消费习惯,注意省份之间的密切合作,现阶段可以增加政府支出,来刺激居民消费,特别是农村居民消费,另外还需要提高城镇居民可支配收入和农村居民纯收入。     

Accidental injuries among the elderly within the Vienna community: Epidemiology,risk factors and preventive measures

Abstract

Unintentional injuries ('accidents’) among elderly people are a significant burden in public health because such accidents happen frequently and because the proportion of older age groups in the population will continue to rise during the coming decades. One aim of this study, which was done in Vienna, the capital of Austria, was to broaden the preventive concept, adding lifestyle and living conditions to already well-known risk factors following the health promotion approach. Furthermore, characteristics that predispose older residents to accidents should be identified in order to design preventive measures for reducing injuries in this age group.

809 interviews with people 60 years of age and over were conducted, concerning accidents, outcomes of accidents, physical fitness, drug intake, type of house or dwelling, equipment in the household incorporating safety features, psychological well-being and social relations. The information collected was used to draw cross-sectional comparisons between participants who reported having experienced at least one accident in the previous 12 months and those who did not. Furthermore, the accident incidents were classified into 2 groups: incidents without injuries and injurious accidents. The latter served as a base for the epidemiology of injuries for people 60 years of age and over within the Vienna community.

20% of all senior citizens suffer at least one unintentional injury every year, in addition to which 8% experience critical incidents (mostly falls) without injury. Most accidents occur at home or involve pedestrians in public traffic areas. Over 90% of all accidents are falls, and 20% result in fractures. The most important risk factors for accidents in the elderly are gender, increasing age, poor physical fitness and low physical activity, the type of household and household equipment, poor psychological well-being, low income and loneliness.

The findings regarding falls suggest some possible opportunities for reducing the risk of falls by improving buildings and dwellings of the elderly. A promising attempt at practical implementation of these findings is being conducted by the Vienna-based Austrian Institute for Home and Leisure Safety in cooperation with the Vienna City Council. These two organizations are implementing a long-term program that aims at mobilizing institutions and organizations involved in working with the elderly.     

北京市城镇居民消费结构的实证分析

采用扩展的线性支出系统(ELES)模型对北京市城镇居民家庭的消费结构进行了实证分析,结果显示,目前北京市城镇居民家庭在消费结构上呈现出吃、教育、行、医、穿、住、用的消费格局,居民的消费已从基本生存型商品消费为主的阶段转到以享受型、发展型消费为主的阶段。     

Therapeutic servicescapes: Restorative and relational resources in service settings

This article introduces the concept of ‘therapeutic servicescapes’ to the retailing and services discipline. In the health literature, therapeutic landscapes emerge when physical and social conditions in a geographically bounded space combine to produce an atmosphere that is conducive to human well-being. Traditionally, therapeutic landscapes have been associated with natural and leisure settings, such as parks, green spaces, and beaches. This work breaks new ground in the marketing domain by linking therapeutic landscapes to commercial retail establishments. This study empirically demonstrates the extent to which physical and social conditions may combine in a customer-centric grocery store to positively enhance customers' well-being and promote feelings of attachment to the establishment. Furthermore, this study reveals that customers' future behavioral intention are driven by the store's impact on their well-being and their desire to maintain ‘place attachment.’ From a managerial perspective, this work recommends that retail and consumer service organizations facing online competition focus on creating architectural and human resource conditions that promote consumer well-being and place attachment.     

建立开放型社会医疗保障制度实证研究与理论探讨——京晋两地实例分析

通过对北京和山西两地居民基本社会医疗保险选择意愿的调查分析,对政府卫生支出进行估算,探索经济发展水平不同地区建立城乡统筹的基本社会医疗保险的必要性和可行性。运用2011年的实证调查数据,采用交叉列联表、回归分析等统计方法,分析、对比北京、山西居民对基本医疗保险的选择意愿及其人口学因素,估算统筹城乡医保后两地政府卫生支出的变化。结论是：按照户籍、是否就业划分的医保制度在两地均不能满足所有居民的医保需求;影响两地医保选择的共同人口学变量有户籍、是否有商业保险、家庭人数、家庭年收入;若允许居民自由选择现行三大医保,北京市需多投入119.929亿元,山西省政府可节约109.815亿元。在经济发展水平不同的京、晋两地将现行三种基本社会医疗保险制度转化为统一制度下的三种医保水平并允许居民自由选择,可以取得事半功倍的效果。     

Well-being effects of self-employment: A spatial inquiry

Our paper presents an empirical analysis of entrepreneurial well-being using a large-scale longitudinal household survey from the UK that tracks almost 50,000 individuals across seven waves over the period 2009–2017, as well as a number of exploratory case studies. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating how entrepreneurial well-being varies across locations along the urban-rural continuum, and across wealthy-deprived neighbourhoods. We use a Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) approach to compare the well-being outcomes of individuals who switch into self-employment from waged employment, and show that entrepreneurial well-being, in the form of job satisfaction, is significantly higher for those living in semi-urban locations, relative to those living in urban and rural locations. We argue that semi-urban locations provide an optimal combination of ease of doing business and quality of life. Our results also show that individuals in wealthy neighbourhoods who switch into self-employment experience higher job satisfaction than otherwise comparable individuals living in materially deprived neighbourhoods, although the latter experience greater levels of life satisfaction following the switch.     

家庭财富与城镇居民创业行为研究

企业家创业活动在经济和社会发展中发挥着重要作用,本文从家庭财富的视角研究我国城镇居民的创业问题。利用CHIPS2008年数据研究发现:家庭财富越多,城镇居民选择创业的概率越高,即创业过程中存在流动性约束。通过选取更为外生的财富衡量指标以及引入工具变量两种方法缓解潜在的内生性问题后,研究结论依旧稳健。进一步区分财富对不同类型创业活动的异质性影响发现,财富显著提高了城镇居民选择“自雇型”创业的概率,但对选择“雇主型”创业影响较小或不存在显著的影响。考虑到截面数据对财富与创业行为关系的识别可能存在一定的局限性,本文进一步引入CFPS面板数据,利用面板固定效应模型对两者之间的关系进行稳健性检验。本文的研究结论可为政府优化金融环境,缓解信贷约束,促进居民创业行为提供依据。     

深度休闲对主观幸福感的影响研究——以苏南地区城市居民为例

深度休闲对优化苏南地区休闲产业建设,进一步提升居民休闲生活质量有重要影响。文章通过问卷调查的方式收集苏南地区城市居民深度休闲行为的数据,研究苏南地区城市居民深度休闲行为特征及深度休闲对主观幸福感的影响。结果发现:(1)苏南地区城市居民进行深度休闲活动的场所主要为户外;(2)闲暇时间不足是限制苏南地区城市居民进行深度休闲活动的主要因素;(3)苏南地区城市居民的深度休闲活动总体程度不高,愿意在深度休闲活动上投入大量时间和金钱的人更是少数;(4)苏南地区城市居民从事深度休闲活动产生的强烈认同感和坚持不懈的毅力对主观幸福感有着显著的积极影响。     

浙江农村居民收入的灰色预测分析

灰色关联度分析和灰色预测模型的结果显示,未来几年中浙江农村居民人均纯收入仍将快速增长,但其结构的基本格局不会改变,非农劳动收入始终是农民收入的主要组成部分。我们要从农民人均纯收入结构分析中入手,提高农民向城市的转移速度,增加农村居民工资收入及家庭二、三产业经营收入,大力推进农业结构性调整,加快农业生产经营方式向集约化、规模化、产业化大生产经营的转变,使农村居民人均纯收入保持较快增长。     

居民主观幸福感的实证研究——以珠江三角洲为例

为响应＂建设幸福广东＂的＂十二五＂目标,采用追踪研究法,跨越4年时间,获取8669个样本,对珠江三角洲地区居民主观幸福感的状况进行追踪研究。研究结果显示：居民自身的先赋因素和获致因素对幸福感具有不同程度的影响,其中居住地环境和工作单位性质对居民主观幸福感的影响最为显著。该结论对提高经济欠发达地区的居民幸福感具有指导作用。     

高速铁路对居民消费的空间溢出效应研究

高速铁路开通对居民消费发展具有重要影响。本文基于2003-2017年的省级面板数据,利用空间杜宾模型检验了高速铁路对居民消费的空间溢出效应。结果表明:(1)我国居民消费存在明显的空间集聚特征;(2)周边地区的高铁运营对本地区的居民消费水平有促进作用,但二者并非简单的线性关系,高速铁路对我国居民消费水平的影响呈倒U型;(3)周边地区高铁通过影响当地经济发展水平和旅客周转量来促进当地居民消费水平提升。为此,我国需要充分利用居民消费的空间依赖性来改善各地区居民的消费,完善和优化现有的高铁网络,以高铁发展带动消费水平提升,为经济可持续发展提供适宜的消费环境。     

社会保障、包容性增长与居民消费升级

包容性增长是经济发展的最终目标,社会保障制度的不断完善,在消除贫困和促进居民消费方面发挥着重要作用,是包容性增长的有效手段。基于2010—2018年CFPS数据,以生命周期理论为基础构建理论模型,运用面板分位数、反事实估计、PSM-DID等方法探究社会保障对居民消费升级的影响。研究发现不同类型社会保障对居民消费的影响存在异质性,相较于医疗保险和政府补助,养老保险对增加居民消费倾向有积极作用,各类社会保障均有利于居民消费结构由食品支出向发展型或享受型消费升级,且对农村居民和低收入群体消费结构升级有更显著的正向作用,表明社会保障促进了中国的包容性增长。     

Small firms,business dynamics and differential development of economic well-being

In recent years a growing stream of research has examined the relationships between structural characteristics of regions and their levels of new firm formation. This empirical study aims at supplementing such findings with analyses that include other forms of business dynamics, and also the possible well-being effects of such dynamics. From a unique and comprehensive data set that tracks all births, deaths, expansions, and contractions of commercial business establishments in Sweden 1985–89, six groups of regions with different patterns of dynamics are extracted by means of cluster analysis. The clusters' structural characteristics and their development of economic well-being are also compared. The results suggesta) that the patterns of business dynamics are contingent on the structural characteristics of regions,b) that high formation and turnover of establishments are associated with a relative increase in economic well-being, andc) that small, autonomous firms have a vital role in this process.     

Business Ethics and the Well-Being of Nations – Is There a Connection?

The aim of this paper is to examine whether and how business ethics is connected with the well-being of a nation. There has been active research in the well-being of nations across the globe in the last two decades, resulting in substantial theoretical progress and a wealth of empirical data on the well-beings of different nations across the globe. Dissatisfied with the conventional measures such as the GDP, well-being researchers have been developing alternative measures that can better capture the true nature of the well-being of a country. The paper begins by examining why the GDP is inadequate as a good measure of the well-being of a country. Major alternative proposals on well-being or similar measures are summarized. Objective well-being of a nation refers to the conditions of well-being of a country. Subjective well-being of a nation is the perceptions of its citizens with regard to their satisfaction with the major conditions of living in that nation. The paper presents two central arguments leading to the conclusion that business ethics is an integral part of the well-being of a country. The first argument utilizes the concept of workplace well-being to establish the linkage. The second argument uses evidence from a recent survey of the perceptions of Taiwanese people on business ethics in relation to the well-being of a nation. The paper also reveals that common values tie the two together at a deeper level.     

广东城镇居民消费结构变动分析

本文认为,近年来广东城镇居民消费结构变化速度加快,生存型商品平均消费倾向呈下降趋势,医疗保健、交通通讯、文娱教育、居住等商品平均消费倾向呈上升趋势;食品、交通通讯、文娱教育边际消费倾向较高,衣着、家用品、医疗保健用品边际消费倾向较低;食品、衣着、家用品需求收入弹性较小,医疗保健、交通通讯、文娱教育、居住收入弹性较大;消费需求价格弹性都小于零,且自价格弹性都大于互价格弹性。文章提出,为了优化广东城镇居民消费结构,应增加居民收入,促进居民消费结构升级;调整收入分配政策,平衡收入差距;合理调整产业结构和商品结构,进一步推进消费信贷政策。     

城市房价、住房产权与主观幸福感

本文利用大型微观数据库CGSS2006,首次对城市住房价格、住房产权和城市居民主观幸福感之间的关系进行实证分析。研究发现:(1)城市房价上涨程度对居民幸福感具有显著的负面影响,房价上涨越快,民众主观幸福感越低;(2)住房产权状况和幸福感显著相关,仅有一套房产者和多房者幸福感显著高于租房者,多房者幸福感显著高于仅有一套房产者;(3)房价上涨对租房者幸福感具有显著负效应,对多房者和仅有一套房产者的幸福感带来显著正向效应,且对多房者幸福感的正向效应显著高于仅有一套房产者;(4)住房质量显著影响居民主观幸福感。这些发现具有重要的现实政策意义。     

Religion,spirituality, and well-being: A systematic literature review and futuristic agenda

Informed by religion and psychology literature, this study reviews the literature on religiosity, spirituality, and psychology to support existing theory development in the current emergence of “Management, Spirituality, and Religion” field of study, encourage new contextual thinking and develop a framework to guide businesses on the integration of spirituality and religiosity at work given their documented benefits in relation to personal well-being and productivity. Using the Web of Science (WoS) database, the paper reviews and synthesizes recent research in a systematic, transparent, and reproducible manner. In addition, to verify and include the state-of-the-art of high-quality scientific articles, we refer to the Chartered Association of Business Schools list leading to the adoption of the following criteria: (a) journals listed in the ABS ranking as 3- and 4-star class, (b) indexed under the field of ethics (i.e., ETHICS-CSR-MAN), (c) articles published between 2000 and 2021, and (d) topical relevance. The review extends the existing literature by developing a framework for organizations that helps in identifying possible linkages between religiosity, spirituality, and employee well-being. This was done by (1) extending the six indicators of Ryff's well-being framework, (2) highlighting potential spiritual practices for individuals and organizations and their implications, and (3) presenting a framework that is contextualized to the extent possible and that can serve as a useful guide for organizations. Insights from our review yield in turn two key propositions: (1) workplace spirituality and individual spirituality are both important for employees' well-being, and (2) individual religiosity is an important factor for personal well-being. This offers in turn reinvigorated awareness and new insights into the topic under study. The study highlights in closing an array of future possible research directions.     

住户统计信息系统的构建

住户统计信息系统的建立是解决统计信息效率的重要手段,是提高数据处理系统性、准确性和及时性的关键环节。通过对现有的住户统计信息系统的分析,发现其存在着信息不能共享、可公开数据少、上下级重复性工作以及使效率低下等问题,应大力实施网络版住户调查信息处理系统,加快构建设计程序框架,力争创新性的将基层的统计指标由全国统一的数据库自动生成。从而解决现居民住户统计信息系统存在的问题。