我国农业科技园研究综述与展望

农业科技园是在一定区域内,以市场为导向,集成运用当代农业科技成果和农业生产设施,对农业新品种、新技术、新设施进行试验、示范和生产,对农业生产具有示范带动作用的现代农业科技示范区;系运用现代企业经营管理方式,集科技、生产、市场于一体的现代农业科技企业密集区。以1994年科技部批复设立国家级农业科技园开始,我国真正农业科技园出现只有11     

基于功能分区的国家农业科技园区规划研究——以望城国家农业科技园为例

国家级农业科技园是当前正在迅速兴起的实现农业现代化的有效形式之一,兼顾农产品生产、农业高新技术示范、种苗繁育技术示范培训及旅游观光等多种功能。湖南望城国家农业科技园是我国第一批批准成立的国家级农业科技园。自2011年望城县撤县变区后,望城区成为长沙市的重要组成部分,也成为了全国唯一一个以整个行政区域作为科技园区的国家级农业科技园,而其功能定位与分区、产业结构等则需要与长沙市区进行匹配整合协调。本文以望城国家级农业科技园为例,根据其既是行政区又是农业园区的特点,协调相关规划,对其功能定位以及功能分区进行研究探讨,并据此指导园区的规划布局。     

新农村建设中农业科技园的产业带动机制研究

"生产发展"是社会主义新农村建设的首要任务,培育和壮大主导产业是"生产发展"的根本途径.本文分析了新农村建设中农业科技园的产业带动机制,并提出了时一步加强农业科技园产业带动能力建设的对策建议.     

我国农业科技园区建设及发展建议

评价了我国农业科技园建设所取得的主要成绩和经验,并在此基础上,根据我国的农业发展的方向和农业科技园区建设的要求,对农业科技园的进一步发展提出了7个方面的建议。     

我国农业科技园生态旅游发展创新模式分析

农业科技园的发展是我国农业现代化建设的重要途径,伴随农业科技园的完善,为农业发展提供先进的技术资源。在生态环保理念的影响下,生态旅游成为现代农业旅游的发展趋势,将农业科技园与生态旅游相结合,深度挖掘农业科技园的生态旅游功能,完善科技园的科学性、观赏性和趣味性,发挥出其旅游经济价值;同时利用农业科技园发展生态旅游,延长农业产业链,促进农业经济的可持续发展。但目前我国农业科技园生态旅游的发展还存在一些问题,因此,本文针对当前存在的问题分析了农业科技园生态旅游发展的创新模式。     

发展的呼唤--"垫江万亩生态农业科技园"土地流转的调查与思考

"垫江万亩生态农业科技园"项目(以下简称万亩园),是集生产、科研、生态、观光、示范、推广为一体,带动全县农业结构调整,加快全县生态环境建设和高效生态农业建设,为主城区提供优质农产品和休闲度假景区、培育县域经济新的增长点的大型农业综合型项目.为了解土地流转的实际情况,规范土地流转工作,最近我们对万亩园的土地流转进行了专题调研.     

从九州果业看江苏农业民营企业

<正>江苏九州果业科技有限公司是江苏省农科教科技示范基地和江苏省民营科技型企业,并荣获"江苏省重点农业产业化龙头企业"、"全国农业旅游示范点"和"全国绿色食品示范企业"等称号。剖析九州果业的发展轨迹,对提出促进江苏民营农业企业发展建设性建议是有实证意义的。一、九州果业发展特色生态产业——公司先后投资约1亿元资金,在江阴市徐霞客镇建设江苏九州现代生态农业科技园,建成以生产优质水果和蔬菜为主的专业化     

构建特色园区增创竞争优势

近年来,江苏省高淳县将建设特色农业基地作为发展现代农业的重要载体,构建了武家嘴农业科技园、固城食用菌科技示范园、永胜圩有机螃蟹养殖科技园、东坝绿壳蛋鸡发酵床标准化养殖园等4个市级特色农业示范园区,以及固城镇九龙村双孢蘑菇产业园、桠溪镇桠溪村设施蔬菜科技园等20个县级特色农业示范基地.     

论农业科技园的目标、功能与保障体系

一、农业科技园产生的背景农业科技园是指在一个特定的区域 ,通过建设良好的软、硬环境 ,使政府管理部门、农业科研机构、企业和农户联系在一起 ,形成一种新型的农业科技与经济组织 ,使新技术、新成果沿着“试验———示范———产业化生产———商品———市场”的轨道良性发展 ,从而达到推动农业科技进步、提高农民的组织化程度与收入水平、促进农村经济发展的目的。农业科技园的诞生有其深刻而复杂的背景。1 应对ＷＴＯ对农业提出的挑战。经过十几年艰难的谈判 ,我国终于跨入ＷＴＯ的门槛 ,这对加速我国经济体制改革、加入国际经济大循…     

国家级农业科技园区组织体系建设的研究

近年来，我国农业科技园区建设与发展十分迅速，据不完全统计，目前仅国家和省级农业科技园区和各类农业示范区就有600多个。农业科技园区的建设与发展，对促进我国农业科技成果的示范与推广，加快农业产业化经营的发展，推动农业结构优化和农村现代化，增加农民收入，改善农村生态环境，提高区域资源利用效率起到了重要的示范和带动作用。但是，由于缺乏科学规划和运作经验，许多农业科技园区都出现了产品科技含量低、市场竞争力不强、运行机制不完善、经营效益和管理效率不高、发展后劲不足等问题。为了有效解决这些问题并进一步发挥农业科技园区对实施《农业科技发展纲要》的积极作用，我国于2001年8月份启动了“高效农业科技园区计划”，计划5年内在全国陆续建立50个具有区域代表性和引导、示范、带动作用强的大型国家级高效农业科技园区。首批21家农业科技园已通过专家论证，成为国家级农业科技园区的试点园区。     

Tournaments, Fairness, and Risk

We estimate willingness to pay (WTP) to operate under two types of contracts—tournaments (Ts) and fixed performance-standard contracts (F). Our results are consistent with the notion that subjects having social preferences for fairness and care about risk. That is, when subjects experience greater inequity under tournaments relative to fixed performance contracts, or experience greater revenue risk under tournaments, the gap between WTP for fixed performance and tournament contracts increases, ceteris paribus. Our results provide an explanation for grower dissatisfaction with tournament compensation schemes independent of possible concerns regarding opportunistic behavior by integrators.     

Agroindustrialization, globalization, and international development: An overview of issues, patterns, and determinants

This paper offers an overview for a special issue on agroindustrialization, globalization, and international development. It sets out a conceptual framework for understanding the links among these three broad phenomena and then discusses emerging issues and evidence concerning the factors conditioning agroindustrialization in developing countries and the subsequent effects on employment, poverty, and the natural environment. We conclude with a research agenda.     

Renters,landlords, and farmland stewardship

Are farmers better stewards of the land they own than the land they rent from others? We answer this question using a data set that identifies Ontario farmers’ conservation practices on their own land as well as the land they rent. Using a fixed‐effects regression approach, we find that the role of tenure varies for different types of conservation practices. Farmers were found to be just as likely to adopt a machinery‐related practice such as conservation tillage on their rented land as that land which they own. On the other hand, farmers were found to be less likely to adopt site‐specific conservation practices such as planting cover crops on rented land. However, this effect diminishes as the expected length of the rental relationship increases when the landlord has a farming background.     

Crop research,biotech canola,and innovation policy in Canada: Challenges,opportunities, and evolution

Increased investment in agricultural research could contribute to sustainable development goals and benefit farmers, consumers, the environment, and the economy. This paper provides recent evidence and a critical assessment of the evolving Canadian canola crop development and innovation policy and compares it to the wheat and pulse sectors that differ in degree of biotechnology adoption, seeded acreage, intellectual property rights, and private sector involvement. This study also assesses how crop characteristics and technological changes affect future optimal public policy. A number of innovation policies are discussed that could stimulate further growth within the crop sector.     

Tenants, Landlords, and Soil Conservation

It has long been argued that tenants tend to overexploit land, but this conventional wisdom has been derived largely without consideration of landlords' actions. We examine what happens when landlords can invest in durable conservation measures in addition to choosing rental contract terms. When tenants are risk neutral, landlords overinvest in conservation under cash rental contracts but can achieve first best levels of output and protection against land degradation when conservation investment is combined with share rental. When tenants are risk averse, the first best is unattainable. In this case, conservation investment combined with share rental results in output levels below the first best, while equilibrium conservation investment may be greater or less than the first best. These results suggest that contract form and conservation investments are likely made simultaneously, so that econometric studies of conservation practice adoption that treat rental status as exogenous are likely subject to bias.     

Remittances,monetary institutions,and autocracies

ABSTRACT

How do remittances affect the choice of exchange rate regimes? Previous research shows that remittances, by easing the ‘impossible trinity’, increase the probability of governments adopting fixed exchange rates. However, that research overlooks the conditioning effect of monetary and political institutions. We argue that remittances, by altering recipient governments’ incentives to use monetary policy counter-cyclically, make central bank independence a credible anti-inflationary tool in less credible regimes; that is, autocracies. Thus, autocracies that receive remittances do not need to rely on fixed exchange rates. In this way, remittances open policy alternatives for developing autocracies. Statistical tests on a sample of 87 developing and transitional countries between 1980 and 2010 support our argument.     

Risk,learning, and technology adoption

This article explores how decision makers learn and use information, with an application to the adoption of biotechnology in agriculture. The empirical analysis relies on experimental and survey data measuring risk preferences, learning processes, and the adoption of genetically modified (GM) seeds among U.S. grain farmers. While controlling for risk aversion, we link individual learning rules with the cognitive abilities of each decision maker and their actual GM adoption decisions. We find evidence that very few individuals are Bayesian learners, and that the population of farmers is quite heterogeneous in terms of learning rules. This suggests that Bayesian learning (as commonly assumed in the analysis of agricultural technology adoption) is not an appropriate characterization. In addition, we do not find a strong relationship between observed learning styles and the timing of GM seed adoption. To the extent that learning is a key part of the process of technology adoption, this suggests the presence of much unobserved heterogeneity in learning among farmers.