对企业财产险发展思路的思考

<正>企业财产保险(以下简称企财险)是各财产保险公司的骨干险种,从保费规模来看,是仅次于机动车辆保险的第二大险种,其发展水平对财产保险公司的业务经营具有重要意义。但近几年来,大部分财产保险公司的企财险保费规模增长缓慢,与我国目前经济发展增速极不匹配,有些公司的企财险保费甚     

关于财产保险业务保费营业税问题的思考

财险公司主要经营财产保险业务.根据现行税法规定,财险公司要对财产保险业务按全部保费的5%缴纳营业税,这使得财险公司承担的营业税负担较重.既有的研究虽然对此问题已有涉及,但大多是从税率等角度进行分析,而且缺乏系统深入的论述.由于保险经营流程和保单定价(即保费确定)都有其特殊性,保费收入与一般企业的收入有着本质区别,因此对全部保费征收营业税不够合理,会对公司经营产生不良影响.因此,有必要对现行财险业务保费营业税政策规定进行调整.     

中国财产险公司的再保险决策动机——基于分位数回归方法的实证分析

保险公司为什么进行再保险购买?动机何在?本文采用分位数回归方法,利用2001-2007年我国财险业数据,对财产保险公司的四种再保险动机进行检验.结果发现,稳健经营、专业服务需求是我国产险公司再保险需求的主要动机,投资激励动机和规避税收动机尚不明显;中外资保险公司在再保险需求上并无显著差异.另外,我们还发现,我国产险公司在资本监管约束下进行被动再保险的稳健经营动机较为强烈.     

我国财产保险公司多元化经营影响因素的实证分析

本文以我国34家主要财产保险公司2006-2012年面板数据进行实证分析,研究发现:保险公司产品多元化经营受到追求盈利、扩张规模、分散风险、内部资本配置、公司治理等方面因素的影响。总体上,多元化经营主要受盈利驱动,但随着经营时间的延长,规模扩张的影响在增强。具体的,险种的赔付率、产业集中度、市场规模、业务增速等特征,以及公司的资产收益率、区域多元化、自担风险能力、中外资公司、集团公司、国有公司等因素的影响具有显著性。     

降低杠杆保险公司应实施投资资产风险拨备

除了那些大量从事金融保险业务（包括参与信用违约掉期CDS交易）的保险公司外，欧美传统保险公司在次贷危机中相对安全。一个很重要的原因就是美国保险业协会对保险公司投资业务的严格拨备要求，以及由此产生的相对低杠杆经营战略——美国上市财险公司的总杠杆率（资产与资本之比）平均约5倍，显著低于证券公司平均25倍的杠杆率、银行平均10倍的杠杆率和综合性金融机构平均13倍的杠杆率。较高的资本拨备、较低的杠杆率提升了传统保险公司的抗冲击能力。     

国内财产保险公司经营绩效分析

盈利是保险公司生存发展的基本条件，是保险公司发挥其社会功能的基本前提。保险业改革的目标是优化保险资源的配置，提高保险资源的使用效率，提升行业的整体经营绩效。保险公司深化改革、加强管理也是为了改善自身的经营绩效。本文引入美国学者巴里&#183;D&#183;史密斯(Barry D．Smith)设计的非寿险公司杜邦财务分析体系，以国内财险公司2002年的经营数据为基础，对国内财产保险公司的经营绩效进行比较分析。     

财险公司营销策略优化简析

我国保险业近年来发展迅速,而在快速增长的市场份额中,寿险业务占了很大比重,财险业务尚不成熟,单纯依靠保险公司"自销"已无法适应激烈的市场竞争。财险公司应理性分析当前财险业务中面临的问题和困境,及时调整和优化营销策略,增加公司保费收入,促进公司发展。     

财险公司营销策略优化简析

我国保险业近年来发展迅速,而在快速增长的市场份额中,寿险业务占了很大比重,财险业务尚不成熟,单纯依靠保险公司＂自销＂已无法适应激烈的市场竞争。财险公司应理性分析当前财险业务中面临的问题和困境,及时调整和优化营销策略,增加公司保费收入,促进公司发展。     

基于Z-score模型的财产保险公司财务预警研究

我国保险业近年来发展迅速。财产保险公司保费2014年达到7 544.4亿元,但财险公司经营亏损较为严重。在此背景下,本文运用Z-score模型对2011年至2013年多家财产保险公司的财务状况进行预警研究。在此基础上将得到的Z值与实际情况进行验证,并提出相应的建议。     

动态财务分析方法在我国财产保险公司偿付能力评估中的应用

目前,我国已正式启动寿险公司动态偿付能力测试,对财险公司的动态偿付能力测试仍处于探索阶段。动态财务分析代表了保险偿付能力评估和保险公司资产负债管理的最新发展趋势。本文对对我国财险公司偿付能力监管引入动态财务分析进行了探讨,提出了相应的建议。     

Business model innovation: How the international retailers rebuild their core business logic in a new host country

Although research into the business model has received increasing attention, few studies have so far been conducted on business model innovation in an international context. The purpose of the study is to identify different patterns of business model innovation which enables international retailers to rebuild their core business logic in new host countries. On the basis of comparing and contrasting the business model changes of 15 international retailers from various home countries to one single host country (China), our study provides an in-depth understanding of business model innovation in the context of international business. By looking at the firms’ capabilities in rebuilding their core logic in the setting of a host country, we reveal six routes of retail business model innovation. Utilizing the lens of organizational learning theory and internationalization, we identify three patterns of resource deployment by international companies in the process of developing business model innovations. Our study, therefore, provides insights and guidance for multinational companies in general, international retailers in particular, as for how to successfully adapt their business model from home country to host country.     

Japanese Professional Business Services: A Proposed Analytical Typology

This paper explores certain characteristics of Japanese professional business services (PBS). The aim is to develop an analytical typology consisting of the three dimensions – organizational linkage, service market, and competitive situation – for analysing the obtained empirical data. This typology has been developed in order to increase the understanding of how Japanese companies operate within this sector and also to examine the reasons behind the fact that Japanese business services seem to be marginalized in an international context. This typology could serve as a theoretical frame for comparing Japanese companies with western companies in future research. This research is based on empirical material collected in Japan in the spring of 2001, covering research institutes, general trading houses and insurance companies. Using the constructed analytical typology, the findings reveal that strong organizational linkages have generated a business service market where diversification of service supply within companies is common. However, there are strong indications of a changing business environment with increased competition and further specialization among business service firms. Furthermore, the findings indicate that Japanese companies have difficulties competing with highly-specialized and reputable western business service firms.     

Political actions in business networks a Swedish case

In international business studies, as well as in political science, the influence of political rules on business firms is assumed to be homogeneous and unidirectional. However, if the relationship between the political and the business actors is seen as an interaction, a different conclusion will be reached. We would like to add more knowledge to international business studies by analysing the interaction between governmental bodies and business units using a network model. In this paper, we study a ‘political case’ — the Bofors-India case — and analyse how this affair influenced other Swedish companies and their way of doing business in India. The question addressed is how the interaction between some parts of the government and a company — the development of one business relationship — is interwoven with other relationships. One conclusion reached is that a political act toward one MNC will affect other companies, although not in the same way. The degree to which and the way in which the other companies will be influenced depends on where they are positioned within the networks in relation to the problematic relationship.     

Taking environmental partnerships seriously

Increasingly, firms are integrating environmental sustainability into their business strategies. Yet, sustainability is a complex topic and many firms need to form environmental partnerships to access additional resources—in the form of investments, technologies, expertise, public image, and/or political influence—to develop competitive advantage. Environmental partnership decisions are difficult, however, because they often need to reconcile multifaceted sustainability issues with multi-level, and potentially divergent, strategic goals. To meet their intended objectives, companies should carefully consider the type of environmental partnerships and partners that can best meet their needs. Based on a review of the literature, interviews with executives responsible for environmental partnerships, and publicly available data, we find firms engage in three main types of environmental partnerships: innovation-seeking, legitimacy-building, and policy-influencing. Each type of partnership benefits from different types of resources and partner choices. Herein, we describe the advantages of each type of environmental partnership and partners that may best support them. Given that many firms develop environmental partnership portfolios, managing multiple environmental partnerships simultaneously, we also discuss the implications of our research for environmental partnership portfolios.     

The Move to the Middle: Convergence of the Open‐Source and Proprietary Software Industries

In this paper we focus on open‐source software within the broader framework of the software industry. More specifically, we compare proprietary and open‐source software (OSS) companies in terms of three criteria: (a) approaches to the production of software; (b) business models; and (c) strategic interactions. We postulate three convergence hypotheses. First, there is evidence of convergence in production approaches: leading OSS firms tend to rely on R&D and acquisitions as intensely as leading proprietary companies do. Second, there is evidence of convergence in business models: through dual‐licensing models, top OSS firms derive substantial portions of their revenues from licenses, just as many proprietary companies do. Third, there is evidence of convergence in strategic interactions: the competitive strategies that a company follows do not really hinge on the ‘proprietary versus open‐source’ dichotomy, but on whether a firm feels threatened in the software layer where its core assets are located. This evidence of convergence raises a number of interesting questions for economic theory and for the analysis of the industry’s future evolution.     

中国保险公司资本结构的影响因素及调整速度——产险公司和寿险公司的比较

本文利用1998—2010年中国大陆地区财产保险公司和人寿保险公司的业务数据和财务数据,在部分调整模型的基础上,通过差分GMM方法对二者资本结构的影响因素进行实证研究。本文发现,中国产险公司和寿险公司的目标资本结构与公司规模、公司成熟度的关联显著为正,与产品分散化、地理分散化、产品收支间隔期的关联不显著,而再保险利用只对产险公司影响显著。平均而言,每一年度中国产险公司和寿险公司分别可以调整目标资本结构缺口的42.1%和28.5%。     

Effect of Business Group Affiliation on Firm Internationalization: The Case of India Under Reforms

The authors investigate how diversified business groups influence the structural reform–firm strategy relations given its effect on strategic choice and its implementation in a large emerging economy: India. By integrating business group, industrial organization, and international business literature, the authors predict considerable differences in the exporting behavior of business group–affiliated firms on the basis of their market competitiveness and governance dynamics. The authors test their predictions empirically with longitudinal data of 6,119 Indian firms over a 21-year period starting from 1991–1992 to 2011–2012 and find support for most of the hypotheses. These findings suggest that knowledge of the heterogeneity within business groups are essential for understanding the response of business group affiliates in light of the progression of reform process in India. This study thus contributes to a more complete conceptual understanding of the strategic responses of promarket reforms of business group affiliates in emerging economies.     

Consumer responsiveness to price differentials: A case for insurance industry deregulation

Proponents of deregulation have suggested that several industries should lose their antitrust exemptions and operate within a competitive atmosphere. An important assumption underlying deregulation arguments is that consumers will respond to price differentials in a manner that encourages price competition among supplier firms. This assumption is of special concern in the regulated fields of property and liability insurance. The intangibility of these products, the relatively long-term purchase commitments, and the intimate relationships between insurance and consumers' perceptions of risk raise substantial questions concerning individuals' reactions to price competition. In this study the amount of annual premium savings required to switch companies and the relationships between consumer characteristics and intended switching behavior were examined. The results suggest that a substantial segment of insurance buyers would change firms given modest price reductions. The size of this segment, along with the attitudinal and demographic characteristics of this group, indicates that price competition is a viable strategy in a deregulated insurance industry.     

Domestic Distortions and the Early Emergence of the International Trade in Fire Insurance from the UK

In the second half of the nineteenth century, British fire insurance exports grew rapidly to more than half of the revenue accepted by British fire insurance companies. It has been suggested by some, including Michael Porter, that this expansion was based on a comparative advantage created in large part by a highly competitive domestic insurance market. Yet the existence of strong and sophisticated cartels in the British insurance market is well known. The paper argues that in fact the chief motive for the drive to develop business abroad came from the existence of the cartel, whose increasing power prompted the creation of a number of new well‐supported companies. The circumstances of the insurance business forced them to develop a large and diversified business and this required them to join the cartel. This membership deprived them of the price weapon to develop their business in the domestic market. They were thus forced to develop innovative strategies to grow. One of these was to deploy innovative marketing policies at home. The other was to expand abroad. By contrast, most of the older companies that had created the cartel developed foreign business later and on a far smaller scale.     

Entrepreneurial networks: A Triple Helix approach for brokering human and social capital

Through utilising currently available Internet technologies, academic and governmental organisations can provide seedling companies in their incubators with additional competitive advantage through efficient access to markets, partners, knowledge and services both locally and globally. This paper proposes a Triple Helix approach for brokering social and human capital based on the skills brokerage business model. The skills brokerage business model is primarily suited for individuals and firms operating in localised settings. However, by using information and communication technologies, it is also possible to apply the model internationally for firms that need strategic partnerships in countries or regions other than their own. Coupled with the Triple Helix of university–government–industry interactions, it can propel innovation and the commercialisation of it beyond traditional boundaries of geography, such as the region and nation state. The paper also presents an Internet-based service that could be used to facilitate the brokerage process among the firms and people with relevant expertise and resources, and it discusses the implications this would have for a number of stakeholders, such as entrepreneurs, established businesses, service providers and business support organisations. This is still an emerging area and several themes for future research will be highlighted.