The Extent and Impact of Enterprise Training: The Case of Kitakyushu City

This paper examines the incidence and intensity of training as well as the impact of training on wage growth, using a unique survey of establishments and employees in Japan. We find that the worker's probability of receiving certain forms of training depends not only on union status, occupation, education, age and past job experience, but also on the business types and practices of the firms. Our evidence also suggests that formal training is associated with the measures of business growth. Controlling for such growth measures, both the incidence of routine formal training and the duration of informal training are found to boost wage increases.
JEL Classification Numbers: J31, J2.     

Multinationals and Training: Some Evidence from Irish Manufacturing Industries

This paper sets out to analyse the effect of plant and sectoral level characteristics on the provision of training to employees using plant level data for Irish manufacturing. There is no clear evidence that foreign owned plants are more likely to provide training. By contrast, we find that they spend less than domestic plants on training, ceteris paribus. There is also no evidence that plants that receive training grants are more likely to provide training. This may be likely to reflect the targeting of training grants on plants that are otherwise unlikely to provide much training. We do, however, find that training activity in the sector, either by other foreign or domestic plants, has a positive effect on plant level training activity, at least for domestic owned plants.     

The Curse and Blessing of Training the Unemployed in a Changing Economy: The Case of East Germany After Unification

Abstract. We analyse the effects of government-sponsored training for the unemployed conducted during East German transition. For the microeconometric analysis, we use a new, large and informative administrative database that allows us to use matching methods to address potential selection bias, to study different types of programmes and to observe labour market outcomes over eight years. We find strong evidence that, on average, the training programmes under investigation increase long-term employment prospects and earnings. However, as an important exception, the longer training programmes are not helpful for their male participants. At least part of the explanation for this negative result is that caseworkers severely misjudged the structure of the future demand for skills.     

出口加工企业劳动力培训补贴的策略性效应分析

本文针对近年来我国外向型经济发达地区技术工人短缺的现象,探讨我国出口加工企业与外国企业以产量竞争的方式争夺海外市场的情况下,我国政府对本国企业的劳动力培训进行补贴的有效性。通过对由补贴政策、企业劳动力培训投入、产量和利润水平决定构成的三阶段博弈进行比较静态分析,认为在一般情况下,对出口加工企业劳动力培训进行补贴有利于我国企业在国际市场中产量、市场份额和利润的增加,也有利于提高我国社会总福利水平,对外国企业产量、利润和社会福利则形成负面影响。这一分析结论有助于形成缓解我国结构性劳动力短缺,保持出口稳定增长的政策措施。     

制造型企业的超集群学习模式——基于“东汽”和“格兰仕”的案例研究

提出超集群学习模式与集群企业的成长路径之间存在动态匹配关系,并对此进行了理论分析。在此基础上,比较了"东汽"和"格兰仕"两家本土企业在其转型成长过程中所运用的超集群学习模式的异同,进一步论证了超集群学习模式的理论模型,解析了不同企业运用超集群学习模式的异同,证明了超集群学习模式对企业转型成长具有推动作用。     

基于智能制造的开放式创新模式——以沈阳机床为例

以世界机床行业排名第一的沈阳机床为案例,采取纵向案例研究方法,从动因、路径、主体、保障、平台和商业模式等方面研究了沈阳机床基于智能制造的开放式创新模式。研究发现:对于开放式创新而言,体制是保障,内外结合是必然路径,平台搭建是关键,商业模式创新是助推器。制造企业可充分利用信息技术、大数据技术来拓展开放式创新的广度和深度,推动商业模式创新,加快企业向智能制造方向迈进的步伐。     

The impact of cost on the choice of university: evidence from Ontario

Abstract. This paper provides the first Canadian study of the link between cost to the student and the choice of university. Over the past two decades, there has been a substantial increase in the differences among Ontario universities in ‘net cost’ defined as tuition and fees minus the expected value to an academically strong student of a guaranteed merit scholarship. Our estimates generally indicate no relationship between net cost and the overall share of strong applicants that a university is able to attract. An increase in net cost is associated with an increase in the ratio of strong students from high‐income neighbourhoods to strong students from middle‐income and low‐income neighbourhoods in Arts and Science programs but not in Commerce and Engineering. Finally, more advantaged students are more likely to attend university, but merit aid is not of disproportionate benefit to those from more economically advantaged backgrounds, given registration. JEL classification: Health Education and Welfare     

我国中等城市制造业对服务业发展的影响研究——以东部沿海地区为例

通过构建2000-2011年的对数—线性模型,从空间分层和行业分类两个角度对我国中等城市制造业对服务业的影响进行实证分析,结论是:(1)中等城市制造业对服务业的发展有较强的促进作用;(2)中等城市制造业对服务业的促进作用大于大型城市制造业对服务业的促进作用;(3)中等城市制造业对消费性服务业发展的促进作用大于其对生产性服务业发展的促进作用。因此,为更好地促进中等城市的产业发展,应注重制造业和服务业的协同,且适当加大对消费性服务业的扶持力度;未来制造业和消费性服务业将是中等城市吸纳新一代劳动力的主力军,发展制造业和服务业能有效解决中等城市劳动力就业问题。     

VLAN技术在校园网络上的应用

笔者介绍了虚拟局域网。在此基础上,用三层交换机的方式,成功配置了灵活高效的虚拟局域网,并实现虚拟子网间的通讯。     

世界制造业转移的趋势及江苏制造业发展方向

世界制造业深受成本、技术、管理、劳动力素质、基础设施、投资环境等因素的影响发生转移。其中影响制造业转移趋势的主要因素是商务成本和劳动力成本的高低。世界制造业在20世纪80年代末90年代初开始,通过寻求价格优势,遵循着从发达国家向发展中国家的梯度转移规律。江苏拥有雄厚的制造业基础和产业发展优势,但是,近年来江苏制造业的瓶颈不断显现,比较优势在逐渐丧失。江苏制造业需要重新定位来提升其核心竞争力以接受世界制造业的转移。     

制造业投入数字化与全球价值链中高端跃升——基于投入来源差异的再检验

数字化浪潮驱动着全球价值链重构,为中国制造业企业提供了后发赶超的绝佳契机;然而,在跨国公司阻截、逆全球化思潮与突发公共事件导致全球价值链断裂与科技脱钩风险加剧的背景下,无视数字投入的来源差异而笼统地关注数字化的贸易所得效应难免出现结论偏误.文章基于WIOD投入产出数据库、中国工业企业数据库和海关进出口数据库,识别数字投入的国家属性,检验了依赖不同来源的投入数字化对企业全球价值链分工地位(以出口国内附加值率EDVAR表征)的微观效应.研究发现:(1)国内来源的数字投入对企业EDVAR具有显著的提升作用,而国外来源的数字投入对企业EDVAR具有显著的抑制作用.(2)投入数字化通过成本加成与创新渠道作用于企业EDVAR,且依赖不同来源的投入数字化在各渠道下表现迥异.(3)数字贸易壁垒进一步加剧了国外数字投入对企业EDVAR的抑制作用.文章研究结论为我国制造业走出自主可控的数字化之路和实现高附加值创造的弯道超越提供了经验证据与政策依据.     

Strategic Management and the Politics of Production in the Development of Work: A Case Study in a Danish Electronic Manufacturing Plant

After presenting different conceptions of work politics in industrial sociology and sociology of organization, the authors argue that changes in work and technology, and hence the politics of work, may be better comprehended through a concept of the social constitution of the company. Subsequently, this concept is used as a theoretical and methodological basis for an in-depth case study of the processes of social change connected with the introduction of semi-autonomous working groups in a Danish electronic manufacturing plant. It is shown that the historically developed norms and culture of the organization - referred to here as the social constitution of the company - contribute to the creation of profound, ambivalent attitudes among management as well as workers towards more fundamental changes of work content and organization. Finally, the implications for strategic management for the development of work at the company level are discussed.     

Strategic Management and the Politics of Production in the Development of Work: A Case Study in a Danish Electronic Manufacturing Plant

After presenting different conceptions of work politics in industrial sociology and sociology of organization, the authors argue that changes in work and technology, and hence the politics of work, may be better comprehended through a concept of the social constitution of the company. Subsequently, this concept is used as a theoretical and methodological basis for an in-depth case study of the processes of social change connected with the introduction of semi-autonomous working groups in a Danish electronic manufacturing plant. It is shown that the historically developed norms and culture of the organization - referred to here as the social constitution of the company - contribute to the creation of profound, ambivalent attitudes among management as well as workers towards more fundamental changes of work content and organization. Finally, the implications for strategic management for the development of work at the company level are discussed.     

The Case of the Missing Organizations: Co-operatives and the Textbooks

The author discusses the following seven issues affecting assessment of undergraduates in universities: decisionmaking and the selection of tests, the use of written and oral assignments to measure learning, the characteristics of grades and portfolios for evaluating students, opportunities for self-assessment and feedback to instructors, retention of learning and the testing for higher-ordered thinking, the psychology of students in the economics classroom, and the development of new tests as public goods. The author suggests ways that economics faculty can add new dimensions to their assessment practices, improve their understanding of assessment choices, use assessment to enhance the quality of student thinking, and conduct research studies on assessment questions.     

Scenarios and Actors' Strategies:: The Case of the Agri-Foodstuff Sector

The importance of the agricultural market in France prompted BASF to seek out a new way of strengthening relations with its partners in the agrifood sector. In 1996, against a backdrop of change (EU legislation) and upheaval (Mad Cow Disease), BASF offered operations managers or officers of distribution companies an opportunity to reflect upon the future in a workshop setting. This innovative three-stage exercise, guided by Professor Michel Godet (CNAM) and the Gerpa consulting team, met with enthusiasm, and was expanded beyond the original group and time frame. In fact, the distribution chain was opened up to include various actors, for example, consumer advocacy groups, so that we speak of the agri-food channel and sector. Original questions focused on farmers' expectations and distribution problems with specific horizon lines. Environmental and genetic issues soon came to the forefront. Besides workshops and meetings, the Delphi-Régnier Abacus technique was applied, as explained in this step-by-step review of the BASF project. Overall, futures thinking has become part of the BASF France way of doing business. Indeed, the BASF “Futures Studies Group,” expanded to include mass distribution representatives, intends to continue working on the very timely theme of food safety.     

产业集聚对中国企业全要素生产率的影响——基于广东省制造业的实证研究

根据广东省制造业的相关数据,运用空间集聚指数法和Malmquist生产率指数法测算出该省产业集聚指标和全要素生产率增长率. 通过对计量模型的回归分析,得出广东省制造业产业集聚对行业全要素生产率具有比较明显的促进作用,因此,各地区和相关企业应该重视产业集聚对生产率的提高作用,利用产业集聚的外部经济来促进区域经济和企业自身的发展.     

高端制造业:大国的角力场

正近年来,随着全球经济与贸易环境的变化,先进、高端的装备制造产业,正在成为一些大国参与全球产业分工、争夺全球产业链最上游的角力场。中国装备制造业面临着发达国家"高端回流"和发展中国家"中低端分流"的双重挤压。装备制造业是为国民经济各行业提供关键技术装备的战略性产业,是一个国家或地区科技水平、制造能力和综合实力的集中体现。发展高端装备制造业,对于提高国民经济     

稠油三元复合助排工艺技术研究与应用

曙光油田稠油产量的比例逐年增大.高轮次吞吐后,回采水率低,地下存水增多,原油产量下降,套管变形或损坏数量增加,不能实施常规的封隔器隔热措施,使蒸汽吞吐受到限制.采取氮气结合化学助排剂辅助蒸汽吞吐的三元复合助排工艺,实现隔热助排一体化,配合一次泵等辅助措施,为油田的经济有效开发提供了新的技术保障.     

Economics and the Supreme Court: The Case of the Minimum Wage

In the United States, laissez-faire has been the policy advocated in good times, while social legislation has been called for during crises. One instance of this dichotomy concerns the transformation of the American understanding of minimum wage laws during the early 20^th century. During this time, the view of minimum wage laws changed from one that viewed such laws as theft, to one that saw such laws as being required for distributional justness. We examine the legal-historical debate concerning whether the Supreme Court renounced its policy of laissez-faire individualism in its 1937 ruling finding the minimum wage law constitutional, arguing that it did not. We investigate the free market standard that the Court used to find minimum wage laws unconstitutional in 1923. We demonstrate how the economic conditions of the Depression, coupled with the development of economic theory, explain how the Court eventually found the minimum wage law constitutional.