食品结构和营养结构:20世纪二、三十年代一个中国国民社会生活的实证分析

近代中国是由自然经济向商品经济,封闭经济向开放经济转变的过渡时期。近代中国过渡型经济形态的本质特征,决定了在其经济发展过程中,国民生活水平和质量发生了变化。本文运用实证分析方法,重点考察近代中国国民的食品和营养水平及其结构状况,进而从一个侧面测度近代中国国民生活水平和质量。     

中国金融发展、经济增长与投资规模

本文选取了中国2000-2010年省级面板数据,探讨了中国金融发展与经济增长和质量,以及投资规模和效率的关系。实证结果表明,中国金融发展对经济增长和投资规模具有正向的影响,而对以全要素生产率为代表的经济增长质量和以产出与投资比为代表的投资效率具有负相关关系,表明中国金融发展贡献仍有提升空间,依据实证结果提出有依据的政策建议,即保持金融发展速度同时重视质量的改善。     

谁是中国生活质量最高的城市

北京国际城市发展研究院与新华网从2005年8月起共同推出大型公众调查：中国100城市生活质量排行榜评选活动。在新华网上开辟专栏。公布中国GDP排名前100位城市候选名单，采用网上评选的方式来确定中国城市生活质量排行榜。以期了解人们用什么标准来评估中国城市的生活质量。以及人们对城市生活质量的期望水平与现实的差异。     

中间品进口、制度环境与出口产品质量升级

文章基于2000-2013年中国工业企业和海关进出口贸易微观匹配数据,在地区制度环境存在显著差异的背景下研究中间品进口、制度环境与对中国制造业出口产品质量之间的关系。实证研究结果表明：（1）中间品进口通过"竞争效应"、"知识溢出效应"、"中间品质量效应"以及"中间品多元化效应"机制影响企业出口产品质量,但提升效果会因企业所有制、贸易方式、中间品进口来源国、技术复杂度不同而具有显著的异质性;（2）制度环境改善一方面可以直接提升出口产品质量,另一方面强化了中间品进口对出口产品质量的提升效应,中间品进口与制度环境在影响出口产品质量方面存在互补性;（3）文章进一步从动态视角考察了进口持续期对出口产品质量的影响,研究得出二者呈现"U"型关系,短期进口无法提升出口产品质量,持续进口以及适时进入可以显著提升出口产品质量。本研究为中国出口产品国际竞争力提升,改善区域制度环境提供了理论与现实支撑。     

不同区域城市居民生活质量的比较研究——以江苏无锡、镇江和盐城三市为例

除了经济水平的提高和客观物质生活的相对丰富以外,和谐社会应当更加关注居民的生活质量.生活质量是对人们生活的全面评价,它综合反映了社会成员满足其生存和发展需要的各方面情况特征,也反映了一个国家或地区经济发展水平和文明程度.生活质量包含多方面内容,文章选取了一套反映居民生活质量的客观指标体系,根据不同区域经济发展水平的差异,选取了苏南、苏中、苏北三个典型城市为例进行比较研究,分析各城市居民生活质量间的差距.     

经济增长会带来生活质量的提高吗?--对近20年来中国数据的经验透视及解释

生活质量包括客观生活质量和主观生活质量。经济活动的根本目的是要推进经济增长.而经济增长的最终目的是提高居民生活质量。尽管经济增长通常被认为会带来生活质量的相应提高,但是本文基于近20多年来有关中国经济增长和居民生活质量时间序列和横截面调查数据的实证研究,发现中国经济增长无论从客观生活质量还是从主观生活质量方面,都没有带来居民生活质量的提高,这无疑违背了传统微观经济学的绝对收入效用理论。将相对收入引入效用函数可以有很强的说服力并得到实证检验的支持。但是,相对收入理论有可能导致经济增长变得毫无意义,所以亟待完善。     

浅谈木地板的革新、种类、及其应用

随着人们生活质量的逐步提高，新型的装饰材料也被越来越多的家庭所接受，人们都会努力让自己的生活环境得到更大的改善，享受其中的宁静和悠然。涂料的升级、石材的多样化、以及新型装饰材料的产生，无疑对设计师和老百姓在装修方面开拓了不少新的想象空间，有越来越多的想法和设计依靠新的装饰材料去完成，有种材料几乎每家都会用到，而且现在它的局限性也越来越小，不再只单纯的铺地面，还可以用在外墙、保温等各个领域，它就是木地板。     

东西部失地农民生存状况的对比分析研究--基于11省、市、自治区农调队公布的调查报告

本文利用11个省、市、自治区农调队抽样调查后公布的1396户失地农民生存状况的数据,对东西部的失地农民占地前后的收入、消费和就业等方面进行对比分析,发现东西部失地农民生活水平和生活质量存在差异,并存在一些共同面临的问题和矛盾.建议各级政府坚持科学发展观,改革农村土地征用制度,合理有效增加征地补偿,赋予失地农民社会保障,大力快速发展第二三产业,建立灵活有效就业机制,以提高失地农民的生活水平并推进中国城市化的进程.     

中国第一侨乡居民休闲状况调查与研究

休闲已成为发达国家的普遍社会现象。对于国力日益强盛的中国,国人的休闲生活状况成为了世人关心的问题。侨乡是华侨及其旅居国家的人们了解中国的重要窗口,因而具备了考察和研究的价值。本文以中国第一侨乡——广东省台山市为例,对城乡居民进行了抽样问卷调查和访谈调查,对其休闲方式、休闲目的、休闲生活的满意度和休闲生活质量作了详细的分析,总结出台山城乡居民休闲生活现状,并提出提高侨乡居民休闲生活质量的若干对策和建议。     

厉以宁、陈锡文、贾治邦、林毅夫等委员为生态建设、经济发展和城镇化建言

党的十八大报告明确提出了建设“美丽中国”的目标，并确立了经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和生态文明建设“五位一体”的中国特色社会主义事业总体布局。如何建设“美丽中国”？环境污染问题如何治理？中国经济当前最大的风险是什么？城镇化如何解决失地农民的生活问题？     

Bubbles, crises, and policy

In many recent cases financial liberalization has led to a bubblein asset prices. The bursting of the bubble results in a bankingcrisis and recession. It is suggested such bubbles are causedby an interaction of the risk-shifting problem arising fromagency relationships in intermediaries and uncertainty concerningthe expansion of credit. Two important policy objectives areidentified. The first is the prevention of bubbles in assetprices. The second is minimizing the impact of spillovers onto the real economy during post-bubble banking crises. The differentpolicy approaches taken in Norway and Japan are compared.     

Finance, governments, and trade

We study how financial transactions may respond to exogenous variation in trade opportunities not only directly, but also through policy channels. In more open economies, governments may find it more difficult to fund and enforce public policies that substitute private financial transactions, and more appealing to deregulate financial markets. We propose a simple theoretical model of such policy-mediated relationships between trade and financial development. Empirically, we document in a country panel dataset that, before the 2007–2008 crisis, financial market volumes were robustly and negatively related to the share of government consumption in GDP in regressions that also include indicators of financial regulation and trade openness, and we seek support for a causal interpretation of this result in instrumental variable specifications.     

Migration,FDI, and Welfare

We investigate migration and foreign direct investment (FDI) for a small trading economy. Historically, immigration in small countries has been accompanied by FDI inflows (complementary capital movements). Based on the skill composition of migrants, empirical evidence finds that skilled immigration is accompanied by FDI inflows but unskilled immigration is accompanied by FDI outflows (substitutable capital movements). We prove that the Heckscher-Ohlin model cannot reconcile these apparently contradictory observations. We introduce a theoretical model in which capital and unskilled labor are sector specific, and demonstrate that this model can reconcile the historical and empirical observations on migration and FDI.     

Emotions,Sanctions, and Cooperation

We use skin conductance responses and self‐reported hedonic valence to study the emotional basis of cooperation and punishment in a social dilemma. We argue that the availability of sanctions sets in motion a “virtuous emotional circle” that accompanies cooperation. Emotional reaction to free riding leads cooperators to apply sanctions. In response, and in addition to the monetary consequences of receiving sanctions, the negative emotions experienced by the free‐riders when punished lead them to increase their subsequent level of cooperation. The outcome is an increased level of cooperation that becomes a new norm. Therefore, emotions sustain both the use of altruistic punishment and cooperation.     

Growth, equality, and history

Complex policy issues deserve frequent reassessment, and the relationship between economic growth and equality is undeniably complex. Policymakers who care about trade-offs between the two goals continue to press the scientific limits of empirical economics. It takes an enormous sample of long-term national experiences to approximate the data base necessary to move debate from allegation to evidence. Fortunately, the sample continues to expand. Since the 1950s dozens of countries have produced evidence on income distribution and growth, and the records of some currently developed countries have been extended back into the 17th century. This article assesses the empirical harvest. Most of our inferences, however, are based on American and British history.     

Investment financing, inflation, risks, and stabilization

This paper discusses financial problems of stepping up the investment process in Russia, approaches to intensifying financial redistribution, opportunities for using government savings to boost and upgrade economic growth, and suggests financial support measures for the modernization of the Russian economy.     

Sickness, absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick pay

The annual cost of absenteeism from the workplace in the UKhas been estimated to be over 1% of GDP. The traditional approachto a discussion of absence has been for the firm to passivelyaccept both wages and sick pay and allow workers to choose theirabsence behaviour. Most empirical research has been based onthis approach. However, if absence is costly why should firmspay extra-statutory sick pay? One reason may be the phenomenaof presenteeism (ill workers attending work). This may adverselyaffect productivity. This paper shows that allowing for presenteeismhas important implications for both the design of optimal wage-sickpay contracts and for the interpretation of empirical studies.Specifically, we show that firms will offer a level of sickpay greater than the statutory minimum.