Service Failure,Tipping Behavior,and the Effect of Service Industry Experience

The relationship between tipping and the service provided is not always linear. Factors such as demographic profile of the consumer, industry norms, and social norms affect the amount of tip. Results from the current study reveal that tipping varies when service failure occurs due to servers’ fault or organizational failure. Consumers with prior professional experience in the restaurant industry can distinguish between causes of failure, and tip accordingly. Consumers with prior professional restaurant experience were found to tip significantly more than those consumers that do not have prior hospitality experience. Tip rates for service failure due to organization failure tend to be higher compared with the service failure due to servers’ mistakes indicating that consumers do not penalize a server when the organization has caused the service failure.     

服务接触中游客间互动行为研究——基于关键事件技术的方法

顾客间互动现象广泛存在于服务接触当中,但顾客间互动的研究十分有限。文章使用关键事件技术的方法对我国游客在服务接触中的互动行为进行了分类,将游客间互动行为分为5大类：基本礼仪、旅游规范、语言沟通、帮助行为和其他,又细分为20个二级子类。研究发现,不同类别的事件会给游客的服务体验带来完全不同的感受;负面互动令游客印象更深;不同的游客群体对互动行为满意的评价不存在显著差异。     

Waitresses’ facial cosmetics and tipping: A field experiment

It had been found that cosmetics do improve female facial attractiveness when judgments were made based on photographs. However, these studies were conducted only on laboratory and field studies are scarce in the literature and none of them have tested the effect of customers’ behavior. An experiment was carried out in restaurant in order to verify if waitresses’ makeup is associated with an increase in patrons’ tipping behavior. Female waitresses with and without makeup were instructed to act in the same way than usual with their patrons. Results showed that the makeup condition was associated with a significant increase in tipping behavior of the male customers.     

旅游区服务质量问题产生原因分析及控制途径

文章从旅游区服务质量标准制定的两大过程、四个环节出发,分析了目前服务质量问题产生的根源,提出了相应的措施,为有效控制旅游区服务质量提供思路.     

提高导游服务质量的新视角——兼论我国导游管理和研究20年

本文通过对国家旅游局权威性的游客调查资料的分析,发现导游服务质量是我国旅游服务质量体系中的一块"短板",但近年我们从理论和实践上都未抓住导游服务质量问题的根源.文章认为,以往从管理部门的角度进行导游管理,无法从根源上提高导游服务质量.提高导游服务质量应该基于游客体验的新视角,文章基于时游客体验问题、导游服务质量问题、导游管理体制问题3个层次的分析,提出导游管理改革的一些建议.     

Extra-Role Customer Service: The Roles of Leader–Member Exchange (LMX), Affective Commitment,and Psychological Empowerment

ABSTRACT

Based on the social exchange and job characteristic theories, this study advances a moderated-mediation model that tries to explain the social-psychological processes connecting the leader–member exchange (LMX) and extra-role customer service, and examined it by collecting data from employees and managers employed in tourist hotels operating in Uttarakhand, India. A hierarchical regression analysis determined that LMX was positively related to extra-role customer service where affective commitment mediated this relationship. Further, an analysis of a moderated-mediation path revealed that psychological empowerment strengthened the direct influences of LMX on affective commitment and its indirect influence on extra-role customer service. Based on these findings, important theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

基于灰色关联分析的入境旅游服务质量满意度研究

入境旅游是中国旅游业发展的一个重要组成部分,入境旅游者对于服务质量的满意程度是衡量旅游业发展的一个重要标准。本文针对这一问题进行了深入研究,首先在游客满意度研究分析的基础上,提出了入境旅游服务质量满意度的研究方法,并选取了评价指标;然后运用灰色关联分析法,从宾馆饭店、餐饮、交通、娱乐、购物、导游服务、邮电通讯7个方面对入境旅游服务质量满意度进行了测度;最后对测度结果进行了分析总结,提出了我国各地区朱来入境旅游服务的发展方向。     

Reflections on the Ambiguous Intersections between Volunteering and Tourism

In this paper we critique the intersections between volunteering and tourism and consider how these have been treated in scholarly research. We highlight how current narrow definitions of volunteer tourism may be obscuring activities which could further expand our understanding of the intersections of volunteering and tourism. We reflect on three examples from our own research to explore atypical volunteer tourism activities that push at the current boundaries of volunteer tourism conceptualizations and definitions.     

旅游公共服务质量的提升:游客导向和创新导向的驱动作用

在将旅游业发展成为国民经济的战略性支柱产业和人民群众更加满意的现代服务业的过程中,旅游公共服务发挥着重要作用。对于政府管理部门内部有哪些因素会促进旅游公共服务质量的提升,学术界鲜有实证研究。本文从旅游行政管理部门的角度出发,构建了游客导向、创新导向、跨部门协调对旅游公共服务质量的影响模型。对广东省32个主要客源市场的旅游行政管理部门的309位工作人员进行了问卷调查,探讨旅游公共服务质量提升的驱动因素。结构方程模型结果显示,游客导向、创新导向和跨部门协调都有助于旅游公共服务质量的提升,跨部门协调中介游客导向对旅游公共服务质量的影响。本文在理论上弥补了旅游公共服务质量前因研究的空白,对旅游行政管理部门如何更好地提升旅游公共服务质量具有借鉴意义。     

旅游信息服务视阈下的智慧旅游慨念探讨

智慧旅游的丰富实践使研究者不断思考“什么是智慧旅游”的问题,而对这个基本问题虽有很多解答但仍然需要进行探索。文章试图通过对国内外有关智慧旅游的概念进行了梳理,建立起以旅游信息服务为基础的智慧旅游的基本概念,即把智慧旅游定义为旅游者个体在旅游活动过程中所接受的泛在化的旅游信息服务。该定义旨在强调智慧旅游以旅游者个体为核心、以信息服务为载体的支撑体系,以泛在化作为核心内涵,以旅游者行为方式、旅游业营销方式、管理方式和服务方式的根本性变化为主要外延,并据此对国内外智慧旅游概念进行了全面评价。文章的价值在于将智慧旅游的概念与旅游信息化（特别是旅游信息服务）有机结合,既承上启下又能开启智慧旅游发展的新思路。     

旅游观看方式与旅游形象塑造

观看方式与目的地旅游形象密切相关.旅游者对目的地的观看方式不同,所形成的旅游形象也就不同.观看方式受世界观、价值、态度、倾向性、信念等因素的影响,是社会文化熏陶的结果.旅游观看方式具有非政治性、非历史性、局部性、肤浅性、浪漫性、男性眼光等特点.只有认真研究不同目标市场旅游者所处的社会文化背景,针对不同的旅游观看特点,才能塑造满足旅游者心理期待和心理想象的旅游形象.     

Effects of Service Fairness and Service Quality on Tourists’ Behavioral Intentions and Subjective Well-Being

This study examined the effects of service fairness and service quality on tourists’ behavioral intentions and subjective well-being (SWB) with the mediation of satisfaction. It conceptualizes SWB as a sociopsychological benefit that people receive from tourism activities in parallel with behavioral intentions to visit the destination treated as economic benefit. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in Xiamen city of Fujian Province, China, and a valid sample of 541 tourists was used for data analysis. Findings show that service fairness has more of an effect on behavioral intentions and SWB than service quality; and such differentiated effects can be partly attributed to the mediating role of satisfaction between the antecedent constructs (i.e, service fairness and service quality) and consequence constructs (i.e, behavioral intentions and tourist SWB). The results suggest that tourism service providers should deliver services in a fairer way and tourist SWB should be attended to by both governments and academics.     

国际邮轮港口的游客服务能力与设施配备研究

邮轮业已经成为国际旅游业中发展速度最快、经济效益最为显著的业务。近年来,随着北美市场的日渐饱和,全球邮轮旅游业重心开始向亚太地区倾斜。我国邮轮产业出现了前所未有的发展势头,已经成为亚太邮轮市场的核心组成部分。国际邮轮产业的实践表明,对于新兴邮轮市场来说,邮轮港口的规划和建设、港区功能配备水平和服务能力的提升是保障邮轮产业持续健康发展的重要前提。文章从邮轮乘客的角度出发,基于国内外邮轮港口的研究成果,并以全球20个邮轮港口的数据为样本,构建了邮轮港口在乘客服务设施配备方面的指标体系,并采用聚类分析法对这些港口的特征进行了综合评价,从而识别出国际著名邮轮港口的功能定位以及在乘客服务能力、港区功能配备等方面的基本特征和成功经验,从而为我国邮轮港口的布局优化提出了针对性的对策和建议。     

The Moderating Effect of Leader-Member Exchange in the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Performance

Abstract

Self-efficacy has been confirmed empirically as a determinant of performance and its utility has been demonstrated for such workplace functions as succession planning and team building. The effects of leader-member exchange (LMX) have also been studied in terms of such a construct's effect on subordinate performance. This study considers the potentially moderating effect of LMX on food-service managers' self-efficacy and their workplace performance. While the relationship between self-efficacy and performance has been established in diverse fields, this study indicates the causal linkage is also strong in foodservice management. Moreover, it appears that LMX is a strong moderator, affecting those with higher levels of self-efficacy most significantly.     

Restaurant servers’ perceptions of customer tipping intentions

Customer reactions to service encounters have been studied with surprisingly little emphasis on how servers’ perceive customers. If tips are an incentive to reward service then beliefs about consumers’ tipping habits may impact service delivery. An extensive survey of restaurant servers revealed that regular patrons and males were thought to be the best tippers; teenagers the worst. Females perceived males, African-Americans and foreign customers to be better tippers than did males; self reported tip income for males was greater than for females. Server ethnicity was not a factor. Systematic monitoring of these server perceptions may ensure more homogeneous service delivery.     

Tourism in Mauritius: an economic impact study with marketing implications

Tourism impact analysis is traditionally used to measure the volume of income, employment, public sector revenue and imports generated in a holiday area by tourist spending and to calculate the differential impacts made by visitors from various origins. This article on Mauritius shows how such analysis can provide useful marketing information to help maximize the economic impact of tourism in a small-island economy.     

游客间互动对再惠顾意愿的影响研究——基于游客体验的视角

同顾客与员工、顾客与服务环境之间的互动研究相比,服务接触中顾客间互动的研究明显匮乏,这也逐渐成为了服务接触理论进一步深化研究的关键领域。文章基于顾客体验的视角,构建并实证检验了游客间互动对游客再惠顾意愿影响的概念模型,发现了游客间互动的4个维度在影响游客体验价值各层面上存在的差异性以及体验价值的不同维度在游客间互动对再惠顾意愿影响中的不同中介作用：礼仪违背、友好交谈对情感性、认知性、社会性体验价值有显著影响,并间接影响游客的再惠顾意愿;一方面干扰和争执对功能性、情感性体验价值有显著的负向影响,建议与帮助对体验价值的4个维度有显著正向影响,进而间接影响游客的再惠顾意愿,另一方面干扰与争执对再惠顾意愿有直接的负向影响,建议与帮助对再惠顾意愿有直接正向影响作用。此外,有效辨识出各人口统计变量的不同水平对各研究变量影响的差异。这对于旅游企业开展良好的顾客关系管理具有重大的指导意义和价值。     

Service quality and tipping: The moderating role of the quality of food

A substantial body of empirical research has analyzed the disparity between tip size and service evaluation but there has been surprisingly little emphasis on food quality. Since customers rate food quality relatively high along with service and atmosphere, the present study examined food quality as a moderator in the service–tipping relationship.