中共中央 国务院关于切实加强农业基础建设进一步促进农业发展农民增收的若干意见（节选）（中发[2008]1号，2007年12月31日）

五、逐步提高农村基本公共服务水平 推进城乡基本公共服务均等化是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。必须加快发展农村公共事业,提高农村公共产品供给水平。     

新农村视角下的农村公共事业建设探析

本文主要分析了目前我国农村公共事业发展中存在的主要问题及其原因,在此基础上提出了通过明确政府的职责和权限、公共产品供给决策"自下而上"表达机制和"自上而下"选择机制相结合、加大财政转移支付力度、实行城乡一体化以及建立筹资主体的多元化机制等措施来促进农村公共事业的发展。     

惠农政策让百姓笑开颜——陕西省宁陕县财政支农侧记

近年来,陕西省宁陕县按照统筹城乡发展的统一要求,进一步拓宽农村公共服务范围和领域,合理配置公共财政资源,积极支持农村公共事业发展,将财政资金更多地投向社会公共事业,着力解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题,使老百姓感受到了实实在在的好处。     

中共中央 国务院关于切实加强农业基础建设进一步促进农业发展农民增收的若干意见(节选)

(中发[2008]1号,2007年12月31日)五、逐步提高农村基本公共服务水平推进城乡基本公共服务均等化是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。必须加快发展农村公共事业,提高农村公共产品供给水平。     

农村公共事业在不发达地区发展的基本条件

党的十七届三中全会通过了《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》,为农村公共公共事业发展描绘了新蓝图,顺应了亿万农民过上美好生活的新期待。加快经济落后地区的农村公共事业发展事关重大、意义深远。随着我国综合国力的总体增长,国内推进欠发达地区农村公共事业发展的政治、经济和文化条件已基本具备。     

城乡基本公共服务均等化研究

改革开放30多年来,随着经济的不断发展和社会的日益进步,城乡之间在义务教育、医疗卫生、社会保障等公共服务的差距逐步拉大。实现城乡基本公共服务方面均等化,切实提高农村的基本公共服务水平,不仅可以提高农民的生活水平,缩减我国城乡收入差距,而且对于加快城乡一体化建设,维护社会稳定、促进社会可持续发展也具有重要意义。本文从城乡基本公共服务供给的现状出发,重点从财政视角分析了形成城乡基本公共服务不均等的原因,进而提出进一步完善我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的建议措施。     

农村金融在支持新农村建设中存在的问题及建议

“十一五”规划提出要从城乡统筹发展、推进现代农业建设、全面深化农村改革、大力发展农村公共事业、千方百计增加农民收入等五个方面着力推进社会主义新农村建设。农村金融作为农村经济发展主要的资金供给部门，如何更好地服务农村经济发展，满足日益增长的农村资金需求，为社会主义新农村建设提供有力的金融支持已成为当前研究和解决的问题。为此，笔者就农村金融在支持新农村建设中存在的问题提出意见和建议。     

我国农村公共产品供给现状及解决对策研究

一、农村公共产品的涵义本文认为,农村公共产品首先是公共产品,即具有非竞争性和非排他性的产品,其次主要是为了满足农村经济社会发展、农业生产、农民生活消费所共同所需的一类特殊农村社会产品,主要涉及农村公共设施、公共事业、公共福利以及公共服务等各个领域和方面。     

城乡公共服务均等化与农村劳动力转移的关系研究

城乡公共服务均等化与农村劳动转移均是当今研究的焦点问题。文章主要从基本民生性服务、公共事业性服务与公益基础性服务三个方面分别探讨与农村劳动力转移的关系,分析城乡基本公共服务均等化各个方面对农村劳动力的影响。     

新乡市社会主义新农村建设探析

一、建设社会主义新农村，必须坚持城乡统筹、科学规划 社会主义新农村建设是一项长期而艰巨的任务，按照“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”的要求，必须从实际出发，坚持城乡统筹、科学规划。一是积极推进城乡统筹发展。目前，新乡市人均GDP已达到1000美元，改变城乡二元经济结构的条件日渐具备，总体上看已经到了“以工促农、以城带乡”的发展阶段。要建立统筹城乡发展的长效机制，加快形成有利于农业、农村发展和农民增收的市场体制，加快形成有利于促进农村公共事业发展的机制，     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.