对旅游业回扣现角的反思

回扣现象拌随中国旅游业的发菜已近20年，随着旅游者消费权益意识的日益加强和中国加入WTO组织，回扣现象能否继续存在值得深思，本文通过界定回扣的概念，分析回扣的来源与归属，回扣目前的消极影响和其背后的合理因素，给出解决回扣问题的几点建议，最后指出解决回问题是中国旅游业深入发展的出路。     

关于打击旅游业中的回扣的几点想法

关于打击旅游业中的回扣的几点想法□戴学锋一段时间以来，旅游业中的回扣现象愈演愈烈，严重地损害了旅游者的合法权益，败坏了我国旅游业的声誉，使得国家税收受到极大的损失。为此，有关部门曾多次予以打击，但效果很不理想，甚至在有些地区越打击越严重。因此，我们应...     

中国旅游业“潮涌现象”的预警与预防

文章基于＂潮涌现象＂的一般机理,探讨旅游业＂潮涌现象＂发生的基本逻辑及特殊性,认为中国旅游业曾经发生过局部的投资＂潮涌＂,并通过对旅游供需形势的预判,对中国旅游业发生全面＂潮涌现象＂提出预警。旅游业＂潮涌现象＂的预防,以转变政府旅游职能为关键,以优化旅游发展基本模式为根本。     

中国旅游业转型发展的若干重要问题

在内外两种力量的共同作用下,中国旅游业进入了转型发展期,旅游产业的功能、形态、结构、动力都面临深刻的变革。旅游效应的统筹调控,国际化发展,市场化和公私伙伴关系的建设,产业结构和产业组织的优化,旅游与城市发展的融合,人力开发与科学研究水平的提升,是中国旅游业转型发展中最为重要的6个问题。这些问题的最终解决依赖于制度创新,而解决问题的过程也就是中国旅游业制度创新的过程。     

法制化管理和行业自律相结合——旅行社业健康发展的必然选择

随着中国旅游业市场机制的确立,旅行社行业在发展中出现了很多问题,如何解决?笔者通过比较中国和日本旅行社管理的异同,得出结论：法制化管理和行业自律相结合是旅行社业持续健康发展的必然选择。     

中国旅游业周期波动分析

周期性波动是存在于任何经济中的一种常态,并体现于经济扩张与收缩、波峰与波谷不断交替的固有运动。旅游业作为一个经济产业,在其发展历程中同样存在着周期波动。本文以分析世界旅游业周期增长为基础,重点研究了中国旅游业周期波动,并通过对比分析,对中国旅游业周期现象与世界旅游业周期现象的关系进行了初步探析。文章预测,中国旅游业已经进入了以微波化为主要特征的第5周期。     

中国旅游发展笔谈--旅游生态效率与美丽中国建设（二）

2016年3月,《中华人民共和国国民经济发展第十三个五年规划纲要》正式发布,它为我国未来5年以及中长期的发展指明了方向。纵观全文,通篇都透露出绿色发展、生态发展的理念,由此可见我国在未来相当长一段时间的主要任务之一就是建设生态文明社会。旅游业作为国家战略性支柱产业之一,是建设美丽中国与生态文明社会的重要支撑,它的快速发展既会带来区域经济的增长,又会对区域环境造成一定的影响。如何在绿色发展的背景下实现旅游业有效率的发展是学界近来重点关注的问题,也是建设美丽中国与生态文明社会必须解决的核心问题。《旅游学刊》于“十三五”开局之年以“旅游生态效率与美丽中国建设”为主题展开笔谈,就是希望通过各位学者对相关问题的抛砖引玉,引发旅游学界对旅游业发展中生态效率与美丽中国的关注。即旅游生态效率的核心价值是什么？如何评价与提升旅游业生态效率？如何建设有中国特色的旅游生态经济管理体系？中国旅游业如何助推美丽中国和生态之明建设？本期的6篇笔谈分别从不同的视角回答了上述问题。     

浅析影响现代旅游业发展的因素

随着经济的加速发展,旅游业也伴随着经济的迅速发展不断发展,有着非常有利的发展状况。在经过改革开放的这几十年,旅游业在发展规模和相关的产业体系结构上面都在不断的完善,逐渐进入到旅游业发展的高速时期。但是,旅游业在经济迅速发展的趋势下,发展出现了很多的问题,因此,解决好旅游业出现的问题,不仅关系到旅游业本身的建设和发展,也关系到我国整个市场经济的健康发展。本文是针对我国旅游业现在的发展状况,对我国旅游业现存的问题进行了相关的介绍,对于我国旅游业发展形成因素也本文主要是分析了旅游业发展因素提出了新的探讨,从而提出了有利于我国旅游业健康稳定发展的具有借鉴价值对策和建议。     

建设世界旅游强国的前沿关注

学术研究应该是要为实践服务的。中国旅游业未来发展的总目标就是要建设世界旅游强国,中国旅游业的学术研究理所当然应与这一目标、发展趋势和实践紧密结合起来,为此,我们需要认真深入研究一些关系中国旅游业发展的全局性、战略性、前瞻性的问题,研究深层次影响中国旅游业发展的根本问题,要从战略、市场、增长方式、发展环境、产业、制度等六个大的方面来探索、总结和创新。     

海南会展旅游发展研究

北京奥运会、上海世博会、西安世博园等大型会展的成功举办吸引了无数游客前往,为目的地带来巨大的经济收益。事实证明,继续加大会展业与旅游业的产业融合是我国一个新的经济增长点,也是我国旅游业发展的新方向。目前,以博鳌亚洲论坛为代表的海南会展旅游业正在逐步发展过程中,存在许多需要解决的问题。通过深入分析海南会展旅游业的发展现状,探寻解决这些问题的方法,以期能够促进海南会展旅游业的可持续发展。     

The consequences of forty years of tourism growth

Leisure travel has become a major lifestyle in the United States since World War II. This paper describes the social, economic, and technological changes that have been adopted by the industry and society during three eras of travel evolution. A synoptic view of the development of travel is provided by a review of five travel industry components: transportation, attractions, facilities and services, information, and the consumer. Emphasis is placed on the consequences of the adoption of major social and technological innovations that have impacted this vibrant industry and will continue to do so in the future. The paper concludes with eight observations on the present and future status of leisure travel in the United States.     

Liberation wars and tourism development in Africa : The case of Zambia

Development of Africa's immense tourism potential is severely limited for reasons including lack of capital, distance from the large North American and European markets, the cost of travel to Africa, and Africa's poor image abroad. A key factor contributing to this image problem is political instability. Since World War II, almost all African countries have achieved independence. In several countries, this decolonization process has taken the form of long and often bloody liberation wars. This paper examines the impact of Zimbabwe's protracted liberation war on tourism development in Zambia and suggests that a detailed examination of major internal and external political events associated with the decolonization process in Zimbabwe could provide important perspectives on the obstacles to tourism development in other African countries.     

Towards a geography of tourism

This paper traces the development of geographical interest in tourism during the past half century and examines the range and scope of the geography of tourism. The available literature is reviewed and suggestions are made regarding possible research aveneus and theoretical developments. Six major areas of interest are identified: spatial aspects of supply, spatial aspects of demand, the geography of resorts, patterns of movements and flows, the impact of tourism, and models of tourist space. Through an emphasis on spatial interaction an attempt is made to provide some cohesion and synthesis for this body of knowledge which constitutes the basis of the geography of tourism.     

The rediscovery of America: Elite automobile touring

The automobile has radically changed tourist habits this century. In the first decade it was enthusiastically embraced by a small, wealthy elite. In America this elite “rediscovered” the romantic northeastern scenery painted by the Hudson Valley School of artists. This process is documented both in the general elite tourist literature of the period and in a specific case study from an elite summer colony. In the second decade “mass followed class.” Cheaper automobiles allowed the middle classes to follow the elite tourists of the first decade. The elite began to lose interest in the automobile as something exclusive to them, and turned their attention to the possibilities for touring of aviation.     

Towards Strategic Intent: Perceptions of disability service provision amongst hotel accommodation managers

The tourism sector globally has become increasingly mindful of how an ageing population is reshaping service provision forms and offerings. This being particularly true of accommodation operations where there is a now a growing recognition of the commercial value for providing market groups with exceptional service. With this in mind, this study sought to ascertain the perceptions of managers in the accommodation sector towards disability service provision with a view to identifying any current service gaps or failings. An inductive, qualitative approach was used with the data collection phase incorporating a series of one on one interviews and a focus group. The in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 managers of hotels deemed to have accessible rooms that complied with the relevant building codes and standards. A focus group comprised 22 managers of hotels located in the Sydney central business district, Australia. Study findings revealed five key themes that had not been previously discussed in the literature. They were: inclusive attitudinal approach; safety; the responsibility of people with a disability to communicate their needs to the hotel; perceptions of accessible rooms by the general public; and operational processes. Related themes that emerged from the data analysis that had previously been aligned with the literature included: legislative responsibility, policy and building codes; disability as a market segment; staff awareness/training; and language, marketing, and promotion information. Implications with respect to management of accessible rooms in the accommodation sector are outlined and further areas of research are proposed.     

The geography of tourism: An introduction

The geography of tourism is limited by a dearth of published research in geographic journals, the relatively few individuals who actively participate in the sub-discipline, and the lack of prestige the subject matter specialty has in geography. Despite these imperfections geographers make important contributions to the study of tourism because of their unique point-of-view. This characteristic perspective is seen in the context of a conceptual frame-of-reference which consists of a matrix based on two trichotomies. An analysis and interpretation of this framework and its application to the nine substantive articles included in the special issue constitute a majority of the article.     

The promise of creative/participatory mapping practices for sport and leisure research

This paper provides an introduction to the concept of creative participatory mapping of human–environment relations. It is identified that within human geography, artistic practice and urban design, biomapping and similar community mapping tools and methodologies are increasingly being embraced. However, within sports and leisure research the concept has yet to gain academic attention. Consequently, this paper provides a basis for thinking about how researchers and research participants in the fields of sport and leisure research might benefit if mapping human–environment relations was to be embraced and integrated into research design practices. Referencing recent turns to studying space and affect within sport and leisure studies, mapping is argued to offer innovative methodological opportunities for studying how people relate to and understand the urban environments in which they practice physical activity and leisure forms of embodiment. The paper concludes by arguing that, along with offering up new avenues for conceptual research, mapping human–environment relations, if readily embraced, can go a long way to fostering community engagement in: the identification of (un)safe urban routes for sport/leisure practice (e.g. running, cycling), the development and site identification of health/physical activity initiatives and the design of urban landscapes of sport/leisure.     

Organized Youth Sport and Parenting in Public and Private Spaces

This article examines the connection of organized youth sport to cultural beliefs, values and practices of contemporary parenting ideologies, specifically the idealization of intensive mothering and involved fathering. It explores how parenting ideologies are constructed by the discourses expressed by individuals in their everyday lives through their children's sport participation. Moreover, the analysis of the parental discourse illustrates how parenting goes beyond the home environment and becomes a public act that is observed by other parents, with these observations creating the basis of what is deemed to be a good parent. Emphasis is also placed on the gendered dimensions of meeting the expectations for being a good parent.     

Leisure and the rich today: Veblen's thesis after a century

This paper calls for a revisionist reading of the thesis of the leisure class. Veblen's great work The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) argued that society is ruled by a leisure class. The primary identifying characteristics of this class are prodigious wealth, voluntary abnegation from pecuniary labour and conspicuous consumption. Veblen's argument suggested the decomposition of the work ethic because the characteristics cultivated by the rich would be emulated by the lower orders. Schor's The Overworked American (1991) work suggests that overwork, not leisure is one of the primary identifying characteristics of postwar culture. The article uses statistical and biographical data on the rich today to provide a counterpoint to Veblen's thesis. It is argued that the rich are not characterized by a rejection of work. On the contrary the richest people in the world typically work longer hours than the average. For these individuals work adopts a play form which probably contrasts sharply with wider social experience. Data on the leisure of Bill Gates, Warren Buffett and Richard Branson is examined to assemble a position on leisure and the rich which contrasts with the Veblen thesis.     

Souvenirs: Icons of meaning, commercialization and commoditization

This article examines the development of souvenirs research in tourism studies. It looks at souvenirs from four broad vantage points, namely historical perspectives on souvenirs research, souvenirs as messengers of meaning, souvenirs as tradable commodities and the commodification of souvenirs and handicrafts. Part of this includes the supply and demand aspects of souvenir production and consumption, including the distribution system and various aspects of producers. The paper also considers the commodification process of native arts and crafts into consumable tourism products and suggests future directions for additional works in this understudied area of tourism research.