电商平台下考虑渠道竞争和消费者绿色偏好的制造商入侵策略

研究生产绿色产品的制造商不入侵、以电商平台转销渠道入侵和代销渠道入侵这三种渠道策略,分析消费者绿色偏好、渠道竞争程度及平台佣金率对供应链成员均衡决策的影响,探讨制造商通过电商平台入侵的最优策略。结果表明：无论制造商是否入侵,供应链成员利润、产品绿色度与消费者绿色偏好正相关,而与渠道竞争程度负相关;制造商通过电商平台入侵可以提高产品绿色度和自身利润,且当消费者绿色偏好较高或渠道竞争程度较低时,线下零售商也会因制造商的入侵行为而受益,实现“共赢”;此外,制造商借助电商平台进行入侵时,其渠道的选择取决于渠道竞争程度和平台佣金率的高低。     

公平关切下考虑成本分担的绿色供应链决策研究

文章针对绿色产品研发的制造商和绿色营销活动的零售商组成的绿色供应链,在考虑制造商存在公平关切的情形下,分析无成本分担、制造商分担营销成本和零售商分担绿色研发成本行为对绿色供应链定价策略及利润的影响,并分析不同分担模式下决策结果的差异性。结论表明：制造商公平关切对供应链成员不利;零售商成本分担能够提高制造商和零售商的利润;两种分担模式都能刺激制造商的绿色研发投入。研究有助于供应链企业在契约合作方面作出更好的决策。     

考虑产品替代和环保水平的供应链优化与协调

针对由单个制造商和单个零售商构成的供应链,考虑制造商生产两种碳足迹不同的可替代的产品,建立供应链优化决策模型,确定最优的产品环保水平与销售价格,提出供应链系统的协调机制.分析了产品之间不同的替代程度对均衡解和各成员利润的影响,并进一步讨论了收益共享契约对于提高供应链环境的作用.研究表明,产品环保水平竞争强度的增加会带来供应链成员利润的增加而价格竞争强度的增加会带来供应链成员利润的减少.集中式决策不仅有利于供应链利润的提高,而且有利于供应链环境的改善.当消费者对产品之间环保水平的敏感程度较高时,收益共享契约的协调效果较好.     

基于区块链和消费者绿色偏好的肉制品双渠道供应链决策模型

在研究由一个批发商和一个零售商组成的肉制品线上线下双渠道供应链模型中，引入消费者对肉制品是否为绿色产品的检验所需时间敏感系数和消费者对肉制品为非绿色产品的敏感系数来展现消费者对肉制品的绿色偏好。在考虑消费者绿色偏好的供应链模型中，基于Stackelberg博弈模型探讨了在未使用区块链技术和使用区块链技术条件下，供应链中批发价格、线上直销价格和线下零售价格的变动情况，并探讨区块链技术的成本分摊功能对供应链的决策影响。     

利他偏好下考虑回收质量不确定的闭环供应链定价决策

考虑回收产品质量不确定性与回收商努力水平,构建了利他中性的分散决策、制造商利他偏好的分散决策以及集中决策模型。分别求解了三种决策模型的最优决策,探讨制造商对回收商利他偏好对闭环供应链定价决策的影响。研究表明：回收产品的可再制造比例和回收努力效应与废旧产品回收量、产品市场需求量和闭环供应链利润呈正相关;制造商利他偏好能够提高零售商、回收商和闭环供应链系统的总体利润,但会降低制造商利润;回收商努力水平和回收价格随着制造商利他偏好程度的增加而增加。当制造商利他偏好系数较高时,回收价格高于集中决策下的回收价格,这与传统“集中决策下回收价格最高”的观点不同。     

考虑消费者扶贫意识的供应链契约协调研究

研究消费者具有扶贫偏好时,制造商与零售商做出扶贫努力的二级供应链,探究制造商向做出扶贫宣传投资的零售商提供不同的契约协调时供应链的均衡决策与协调状态。综合考虑制造商的扶贫水平、零售商的宣传水平以及价格等因素,分别从批发价契约、成本分担契约以及两部制契约视角进行分析,探究契约对供应链决策以及利润水平的影响。结果显示,两部制契约更接近集中决策下的供应链系统利润,成本分担契约不可以同时协调制造商与零售商,但两部制契约可以使得双方达到合作共赢,且使得供应链达到Pareto优化;政府、企业应努力提高消费者扶贫意识,以此来提高供应链的利润。     

关税视角下跨境双渠道供应链的政府补贴策略

针对当前跨境电商贸易面临的国际关税壁垒和绿色壁垒问题,构建考虑政府补贴干预的跨境双渠道供应链模型,分析了关税视角下不同政府补贴策略对供应链成员决策以及利润的影响。研究表明:关税增加导致产品绿色度和供应链成员收益均降低;生产成本补贴下制造商的利润更高,但研发成本补贴下决定价格变化趋势的绿色化效率系数阈值更低,同时产品绿色度更优;固定补贴比例下政府补贴支出随关税和研发成本增加而减少,随消费者绿色偏好提高而增加。     

碳交易政策下双目的主导企业的碳减排策略

针对一个制造商和一个零售商组成的两级供应链，分析碳交易政策下一个具有双目的主导企业的碳减排策略，关注消费者剩余，构建了集中决策、主导者不同的分散决策以及主导者利润共享下的模型。研究发现，无论主导者为制造商还是零售商，集中决策并不总是优于分散决策；当制造商减排成本系数在一定范围内时，主导者进行利润共享会实现共赢目标；主导地位会影响企业利润、产品需求和制造商减排水平。当主导者拥有优先的话语权时，可以提升企业利润，使主导者利益与消费者剩余最大化。     

基于碳交易政策考虑CSR和消费者低碳偏好的低碳供应链决策

在“双碳”目标下,低碳供应链如何定价和投入碳减排决策是实现供应链低碳发展的重要问题。为了研究企业的社会责任对低碳供应链定价和碳减排技术决策的影响,文章构建了一个由制造商、零售商和具有低碳偏好的消费者构成的二级低碳供应链博弈模型,对比分析制造商考虑企业社会责任程度和消费者低碳偏好对供应链决策的影响,并确认了企业社会责任程度的最优范围,根据数值分析验证了结论的有效性。研究结果表明：制造商考虑企业社会责任程度在一定值域内才能够有效地降低低碳产品价格,提高供应链的碳减排量以及制造商和零售商的利润,对使用减排技术实现双碳目标方面具有实践意义和管理启示。     

基于区块链和公平偏好的绿色电子供应链决策研究

文章以一个绿色制造商和一个电子商务平台组成的二级电子商务供应链为研究对象,考虑消费者的绿色偏好和信任以及制造商的公平偏好特性,建立了引入区块链前后制造商公平中性和公平偏好四种情形下的博弈模型。通过比较四种情形下的最优决策和最优利润,探讨制造商的公平偏好和区块链对供应链的影响。研究发现,制造商的公平偏好能使自身的利润增加,但对电子平台和整个供应链系统是不利的,且偏好程度越大,影响越大。引入区块链后,当区块链的应用成本很低时,产品的绿色度、电子平台的利润、制造商的利润以及供应链的总利润都比引入之前高,但他们都会随着成本的增加而降低。成本超过某一阈值后,绿色度和利润都比引入区块链前更小。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.