佛手标准汤剂中两种成分的测定方法研究

为提高佛手配方颗粒的质量评价标准,利用佛手标准汤剂控制佛手配方颗粒的内在质量。以15批不同产地的佛手饮片为原料,制备佛手标准汤剂,建立含量测定方法,以柚皮苷、橙皮苷为指标成分,测定了15批佛手标准汤剂的相关含量。结果表明:柚皮苷、橙皮苷分别在0.025 1～0.125 5,0.160 5～0.802 3μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率分别为102.27%和101.48%,重复性考察RSD值分别为0.78%和0.89%,12 h稳定性考察RSD值分别为0.59%和1.46%。所提出的方法能同时测定柚皮苷和橙波苷两种成分,节约了分析时间,提高了佛手产品的质量标准。     

瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量与饮片特征图谱的相关性

为了建立基于饮片特征图谱预测瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量指标的方法,探究瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量与饮片特征图谱的相关性。利用特征图谱对瞿麦（石竹）原料中不同药用部位的化学成分进行表征,明确差异峰,统计15批饮片特征图谱中差异峰占总特征峰的峰面积比值（α值）;同时依据国药瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒标准对制备的15批饮片瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒总黄酮含量、出膏率、浸出物含量等指标进行测定;采用Pearson相关性分析方法对饮片特征图谱中的α值与配方颗粒的总黄酮含量、出膏率、浸出物含量进行相关性分析,建立回归模型,并采用具有生产规模的6批瞿麦（石竹）原料、配方颗粒质量参数进行验证。结果表明：王不留行黄酮苷峰和皂草苷峰在饮片中不同药用部位的特征图谱存在相对峰面积差异,15批饮片中二者峰面积总和的α值为0.45～0.83;通过Pearson相关性分析发现,瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒的总黄酮含量、出膏率、浸出物含量与α值呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）,总黄酮含量与α值极强相关,出膏率、浸出物含量与α值强相关;依据相关性建立的3个回归模型,所得R²均大于0.7,模型拟合度较高,通过6批数据的验证发现预测值和实测值的相对标准偏差均小于15%,说明模型有较好的准确性。研究利用原料特征图谱中的α值能够初步预测所得瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒的各指标范围,并可实现源头控制瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量,保证所得配方颗粒质量的可控性。     

HPLC-DAD测定仙鹤草配方颗粒中3种成分

为了建立同时测定仙鹤草配方颗粒中芦丁、槲皮苷、木犀草素含量的有效方法,通过对流动相、检测波长、提取溶剂及提取方式等因素进行考察,最终确定了采用HPLC-DAD法同时测定仙鹤草配方颗粒中的3种成分,采用InertSustain AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.5%醋酸为流动相,流速为0.8mL/min,检测波长为360nm,柱温为35℃。结果表明,芦丁、槲皮苷、木犀草素分别在0.216~5.410,0.185~4.635,0.147~3.680μg范围内呈现良好的线性关系,R2分别为0.999 5,0.999 6和0.999 7,平均回收率(n=6)分别为101.5%,100.1%和99.5%。该方法快速准确,专属性强,可用于仙鹤草配方颗粒的质量控制。     

一测多评法同时测定车前子配方颗粒中3种成分含量

为实现对车前子配方颗粒多指标成分的质量评价,解决中药化学对照品分离难度大、单体性质不稳定、供应价格高等问题,建立了一测多评法同时测定车前子配方颗粒中的3种有效成分含量。以京尼平苷酸为内标物,建立与芦丁、毛蕊花糖苷的相对校正因子,测定其含量,同时采用外标法测定这3种成分的含量,比较两种方法的结果差异。结果表明:京尼平苷酸、芦丁、毛蕊花糖苷分别在0.804~8.040,0.172~1.720,0.158~1.580μg范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999),平均加样回收率分别为102.52%,102.00%和101.86%,RSD值分别为1.64%,1.06%和1.07%。一测多评法所得结果与外标法差异不明显,具有较高的重复性、稳定性及可信度,可为车前子配方颗粒的质量评价提供参考依据。     

浮小麦配方颗粒特征图谱及4种核苷类成分定量研究

为了实现浮小麦配方颗粒的质量控制和评价,采用高效液相色谱法,以Waters XSelect^? HSS T3(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm)为色谱柱,在甲醇-水为流动相、梯度洗脱、柱温为30℃、流速为1.0 mL/min、检测波长为260 nm的条件下,建立了浮小麦配方颗粒的特征图谱及4种核苷类成分的含量测定方法。共确定了13批浮小麦配方颗粒特征图谱中的8个共有峰,并全部获得指认,分别为尿嘧啶、胞苷、次黄嘌呤、尿苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、色氨酸、腺苷,各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD均小于2.0%。尿嘧啶、尿苷、鸟苷、腺苷分别在0.001 9～0.047 3 mg/mL、0.003 9～0.098 2 mg/mL、0.002 8～0.070 1 mg/mL、0.002 9～0.073 0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=1.000 0),平均加样回收率分别为99.0%、100.7%、101.2%、101.8%。所建立的核苷类成分含量测定方法准确、高效、重复性好,可用于浮小麦配方颗粒的质量控制。     

青风藤配方颗粒的制备及与传统汤剂的比较

为了研究青风藤配方颗粒制备工艺以及对青风藤配方颗粒与传统汤剂进行定性定量比较,运用正交试验方法,采用干法制粒,以出膏率、青藤碱含量为指标,优选青风藤配方颗粒制备工艺;采用薄层色谱法进行定性比较;以青藤碱为对照品,采用高效液相色谱法进行定量比较。青风藤配方颗粒最佳制备工艺如下:提取2次,加水量18倍(第1次加水量为10倍,第2次加水量为8倍),各煎煮1.0h。TLC结果显示,配方颗粒与传统汤剂化学成分的类型无明显差异。5批青风藤配方颗粒青藤碱含量分别为1.56%,1.58%,1.31%,1.20%和1.78%;5批青风藤传统汤剂青藤碱含量分别为0.94%,0.96%,0.85%,0.82%和1.02%。青风藤配方颗粒与传统汤剂中化学成分的类型基本相同,但青藤碱含量差异较大。     

HPLC法同时测定薄荷配方颗粒中6种成分的含量

为了提高薄荷配方颗粒的质量标准,建立其多指标定量评价体系,采用HPLC法同时测定薄荷配方颗粒中咖啡酸、橙皮苷、迷迭香酸、香叶木苷、香蜂草苷和蒙花苷6种成分的含量.采用Poroshell 120 EC-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇(A)-乙腈(B)-5％冰乙酸(C)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为...     

桑叶配方颗粒物质基准研究

桑叶配方颗粒迄今尚没有统一的质量标准。为提升桑叶配方颗粒的内在质量,对其物质基准评价方法进行了研究。选取具有代表性产地的15批桑叶制备物质基准,采用高效液相色谱法,以芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷作为评价指标,确定桑叶物质基准的出膏率范围、标志性成分含量及转移率范围,采用超高效液相色谱法,建立物质基准UPLC特征图谱,并对其主要成分进行指认。结果表明:15批物质基准中,芦丁转移率为19.94%～34.05%,异槲皮苷转移率为11.67%～43.58%,紫云英苷转移率为10.73%～43.05%;物质基准特征图谱中,标定了14个共有峰,指认出7个色谱峰,分别为新绿原酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、芦丁、异槲皮苷、槲皮素-3-O-(6″-O-丙二酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷、紫云英苷。所建立的基准评价方法为桑叶配方颗粒质量标准的制定及其后续大规模生产提供了数据基础。     

微波消解-ICP-OES测定北沙参及茎叶中硒的含量

建立了微波消解对北沙参及其茎叶样品进行前处理,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)法测定样品中硒含量的方法。结果表明,北沙参及茎叶中的硒含量分别为0.045～0.106mg/kg、0.074～0.119mg/kg,茎叶中硒的含量高于根。ICP-OES测定硒元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.21%～2.15%,回收率在95.4%～97.6%。该方法前处理及测定方法简便、快速、样品用量少、准确度高、精密度好。     

双参饮片—标准汤剂—成品量值传递研究

为将少数民族用药双参开发成配方颗粒,建立双参饮片、标准汤剂与配方颗粒的高效液相色谱马钱苷酸含量测定方法及薄层色谱鉴别方法,并同时考察双参饮片—标准汤剂—配方颗粒的量值传递关系。采用安捷伦1260Ⅱ液相色谱仪与Waters Symmetry C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1％磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为240 nm,流速为1 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,建立马钱苷酸含量测定方法;以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（10∶2∶1）为展开剂,置紫外光灯（254 nm）下检视,建立薄层鉴别方法;以出膏率、马钱苷酸含量、薄层鉴别图谱为主要评价指标,分析量值传递规律。结果表明：马钱苷酸含量测定、鉴别方法具有较高的稳定性、重复性及可信度;3批双参配方颗粒出膏率均值为18.7%,马钱苷酸含量均值为41.1 mg/g,马钱苷酸含量转移率均值为43.1%,均在15批标准汤剂均值±3SD范围内。马钱苷酸含量测定和薄层色谱鉴别方法可用于双参配方颗粒质量评价,为进一步开展双参配方颗粒研究提供数据基础,并促进少数民族用药现代化。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.     

论传统旗袍文化与现代时装

中国的旗袍文化蕴含着非常丰富的文化内涵和设计思想,如今旗袍的普及受到一定的限制,只有经过改良,才可变局限性为可行性,才可使旗袍焕发青春,走向新时代。     

望峰岗矿井贯通测量技术分析

在深部开采矿井两井间贯通测量时,利用加测陀螺定向边和用四架法代替传统的三架法测量,分析了由起始边的方位角误差引起的支导线终点误差及由测角量边引起的导线终点的点位误差.