Gift planning in the year 2010: imagine the unimaginable. Part I

Philanthropy in general, and fund raising in particular, is changing. Such change is more radical than most recognize and certainly faster than most organizations are prepared for. Those that anticipate the change and adjust to it have a good chance of thriving. Those that fail to do so will struggle and may become irrelevant.     

Gift exchange in the workplace

Certain altruistic phenomena in the workplace that exceed the bounds of contract theory can be explained within the framework of gift exchange theory. We discuss the application of gift exchange theory to interactions between an employer and an employee as well as between employees themselves. We emphasize the opportunities of gifts to improve coordination and contract efficiency in the workplace and argue that there exists the productive function of gifts. We use the framework of a market for externalities in order to demonstrate that given the inter-related activities of agents a gift exchange between them can lead to Pareto improvement.     

MRP II (material requirements planning): one year later

This article addresses the continued need for the behavior change process that must be managed long after materiel requirements planning (MRP II) implementation. Mason & Hanger, Pantex Plant is the final assembly and dismantlement facility for all United States nuclear weapons. On October 1, 1990, Mason & Hanger implemented a full production cutover to MRP II. One year later, following class A certification, the MRP II implementation team is still actively managing the change process through education and training programs and overall continuous improvement initiatives. Actual behavior change problems are identified together with the proven solutions implemented in a government-owned, contractor-operated facility environment. Performance measurements ranging from senior management planning to shop floor accomplishments and cost variance reports are shown as normal management tools used to identify target improvement areas.     

Employer‐supported volunteering benefits: Gift exchange among employers,employees, and volunteer organizations

Using gift exchange theory to explain the growing trend of employers offering employer‐supported volunteering (ESV) benefits, this article discusses the creation of exchange relationships between the employer and employee and between the volunteer organization and employee. Hypotheses derived from the employee's perspective are tested with a nationally representative sample of volunteers (n=3,658). Findings suggest that ESV benefits are positively related to hours volunteered by the employee. Volunteer hours predict employee perceptions of skill acquisition, and such perceptions are positively related to perceptions of job success and employer recognition. We discuss the implications of these findings for business, employees, and volunteer organizations, with an emphasis on human resource management policy and practice. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

规划理论二分法中的本体理论和程序理论

规划的本体理论与程序理论是规划理论二分法中最为显著的一组二元对立.首先界定了规划本体与规划程序之间的差异,然后通过辨析三组规划理论,即规划中的理论与规划的理论、系统理论与理性理论、导向型理论与交往型理论,深入探讨了规划的本体理论与程序理论之间的联系与区别,以及它们对规划方法和实践的影响.     

Signaling and Efficiency in Gift Exchange: An Application to Tipping

In the gift exchange principal–agent game, other‐regarding preferences can be sufficient to support an efficient equilibrium with a strictly positive transfer. When the agent is uncertain about the altruism of the principal or the extent to which the principal adheres to social norms, however, he chooses a suboptimal level of effort to insure himself against unfair outcomes. I demonstrate that under certain conditions, a relatively simple change to the structure of the game allows the principal to costlessly signal his type and restores efficiency. I argue that this result has implications for the design of gratuity‐based service industries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Materiel management and nursing: partnership planning.

An integrated materiel management system should not be developed by any one department; rather it should be a collaborative effort and partnership using the expertise available in both user and supplier areas. The keys to developing a sound system are accurate data collection, careful assessment of needs, establishment of realistic objectives, refinement of systems, and active promotion of the program throughout nursing.     

赠与合同中民事法律关系理论的几点研究

赠与合同是一种特殊形态的民事法律关系,它是指赠与人将自己合法财产无偿给予受赠人,受赠人表示接受的双方一致合同。与其他有名合同作比,赠与行为的发生,往往是基于亲属关系、朋友或其他道德上的原因。因此,赠与合同在本质上与其他转移财产合同如买卖、互易合同是完全不同的。本文通过有关赠与合同主体、客体的资格界定;通过对其内容的归类,从民事法律关系角度对赠与合同进行阐述。     

都市圈规划:地域空间规划的新范式

作为一种新的地域空间结构,都市圈的规划需要不同于传统的新理念和新方法.文章在论述了都市圈相关概念和萌生背景之后,参考国外都市圈规划案例,总结了都市圈规划异于城镇体系规划的特质要求,并对都市圈规划的理念、方法做了探讨.     

Europe in the year 2000: three pitfalls ahead

This paper analyses three problems facing the EU in the near future: (1) A move towards majority decision-making would impose costs upon the minority and restrict freedom. (2) A European Bill of Rights would give the European Court more centralising power. (3) European determination to strengthen and separate its own military forces within NATO bodes badly for the future of the Organisation.     

Health care facility planning: some developmental considerations.

A model of the provision of health care facilities is outlined. This model is based on a framework developed in central place theory and is concerned with the scale, frequency and service area structure of health care facilities. Certain modifications to the model are proposed and this provides a framework for dealing with the problem of adjustment in systems of service provision. Three types of adjustment, all involving different degrees of centralization, are considered. Each type of adjustment results in a particular modification to the spatial structure of the hierarchical system. Consideration is then briefly given to a number of ways in which this general approach may be made more realistic, in order to deal with actual systems of service provision.     

Planning eco‐industrial parks: an analysis of Dutch planning methods

In theory, eco‐industrial parks can make significant improvements in the environment. In that light, this article analyses six planning methods currently in use in the Netherlands. The most salient findings are that these methods lack an explicit vision of sustainability, they do not give due consideration to symbiotic or utility‐sharing options, they do not sufficiently engage the companies involved in the development and their policy instruments have a limited environmental impact. The planning methods prove to have many shortcomings: the definition of sustainability is unclear; there are no quantitative standards; information on symbiosis and utility sharing is inadequate; the economic and organizational implications are largely ignored and the environmental impact is insufficiently monitored. However, eco‐industrial parks can only have greater environmental benefits through symbiosis and utility sharing. Therefore, location‐ and company‐specific factors have to be taken into consideration. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment     

英国城乡规划的经验及启示——写在《英国城乡规划》第14版中文版出版之前

英国的规划体系注重经验与惯例的积累,在针对城乡规划的基本矛盾———如何应对未来的不确定性时,采取了指导型的开发规划与自由裁量式的开发控制模式,使得城乡规划有能力去处理多样的需求以及不断变化的问题。当前中国规划体系在面对社会经济转型的过程中仍暴露出许多问题,结合中国国情参考英国经验将有助于中国规划体系的构建和完善。     

Decentralised planning in Britain: Comment

Conclusions One of the difficulties with discussing planning in capitalist economies is the definition of terms. All governments have macroeconmic policies and plans for public expenditure. The Differentia specifica of economic planning (as I understand it) is that it combines a more coherent approach to the two aspects above with specific interventions aimed at achieving an overall general strategy. Hare's article offer an institutional framework for achieving this end. I have doubts about the feasibility of some of his proposals (especially those concerned with participation). I also believe that a lot more thought has to be devoted to the principles which will guide the planning agencies, and their scale of operation. On the latter question I favour a modest beginning which avoids raising false hopes and expectations. Only thus can the planning system survive its first difficult years. This does not rule out a bold macroeconomic policy, but that is another story.     

Four reasons why 2018 will be the best post‐crisis year

• ? We head into 2018 in a fairly optimistic mood. The current upswing is more broadly based than any other since the global financial crisis, and – unusually by recent standards – we have entered the new year without any major crisis looming. We see world GDP growth accelerating from 3.0% last year to 3.2% in 2018, which would be the best year for the global economy since the post‐global financial crisis rebound .
• ? There are four key reasons why 2018 is going to be a good one globally: (i) strong trade growth; (ii) muted inflation keeping monetary policy accommodative; (iii) emerging markets staying robust; (iv) resilience to political uncertainty.
• ? The near‐term risk of an abrupt slowdown in China looks limited, while the Eurozone economy continues to stage robust growth which is underpinned by strong fundamentals. A potential fiscal loosening, a weaker dollar and business investment revival bode well for the US. The outlook is bright for economies that are heavily integrated into global manufacturing supply chains or reliant on commodity exports.
• ? Granted, soaring debt is a cause for concern, particularly in some emerging markets, along with high asset price valuations. They warrant close monitoring and are plausible triggers for the next global slowdown. Nonetheless, while such risks could linger or indeed escalate further before correcting, we don't see them as 2018 issues.
• ? The most obvious trigger for any such correction would be a widespread and more aggressive monetary policy normalisation. However, in our view, inflation pressures look set to build only slowly. Add the fact that high debt will make the economy more sensitive to interest rate moves, we expect central banks to normalise with caution and see policymakers doing less tightening that the consensus expectation.