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1.
Emotion and Ethical Decision-Making in Organizations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2.
The Effects of Proximity and Empathy
on Ethical Decision-Making:
An Exploratory Investigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The goals of this research were to (1) explore the direct effects of and interactions between magnitude of consequences and
various types of proximity – social, psychological, and physical – on the ethical decision-making process and (2) investigate
the influence of empathy on the ethical decision-making process. A carpal tunnel syndrome vignette and questionnaire were
administered to a sample of human resource management professionals to test the hypothesized relationships. Significant relationships
were found for the main effects between magnitude of consequences and principle-based evaluation, cognitive empathy and principle-based
evaluation, and empathy and moral intention. Physical proximity moderated the relationships between magnitude of consequences
and utilitarian evaluation as well as magnitude of consequences and moral intention. Cognitive empathy moderated the relationships
between magnitude of consequences and principle-based evaluation and physical proximity and utilitarian evaluation. Affective
empathy marginally moderated the relationship between physical proximity and principle-based evaluation. Future research directions,
management implications, and strengths and weaknesses of the research are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Leader-managers face a myriad of competing values when they engage in ethical decision-making. Few studies help us understand why certain reasons for action are justified, taking precedence over others when people choose to respond to an ethical dilemma. To help address this matter we began with a qualitative approach to disclose leader-managers’ moral motives when they decide to address a work-related ethical dilemma. One hundred and nine military officers were asked to provide their reasons for taking action, justifications of their reasons, and to explain these justifications. We used network analysis techniques to identify a hierarchical motive structure. The motive structure is a cognitive map that identifies ethical motives and perceptions of how these ethical motives relate to each other. The motives identified represent classic conceptualizations of moral behavior; namely, virtue theories, consequentialism, and deontological theories, along with another category that expressed the emotional significance of the moral judgment, which we refer to as emotional empiricism. 相似文献
4.
Given the prevalence of corporate frauds and the significance of whistle blowing as a mechanism to report about the frauds,
the present study explores the impact of ethical leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX) on whistle blowing. Additionally,
the article also explores the moderating role of the moral intensity [studied as magnitude of consequences (MOC)] of the issue
on this relationship. The article reports results of three experimental studies conducted on the postgraduate students of
a premier technology institute in India. Ethical leadership, LMX, and moral intensity are manipulated through scenarios. Study
one (n = 81) manipulates ethical leadership (ethical/unethical) and quality of LMX (low and high) as independent variables; study
two (n = 80) manipulates ethical leadership and moral intensity (high and low MOC), and study three (n = 87) manipulates LMX and MOCs to assess their individual and joint effects on whistle blowing. Results show that not only
do ethical leadership and LMX predict whistle blowing, but these relationships get moderated by the moral intensity of the
issue as well. 相似文献
5.
In light of continuing corporate scandals, the study of ethical leadership remains an important area of research which helps
to understand the antecedents and consequences of ethical behavior in organizations. The present study investigates how social
distance influences ethical leadership evaluations, and how in turn ethical leadership evaluations affect leader–member exchange
(LMX) after a leader’s moral transgression. Based on construal level theory, we propose that higher social distance will lead
to more severe evaluations of immoral behavior and therefore entail lower ethical leadership ratings. More- over, we hypothesize
that ethical leadership will positively affect LMX. Participants read a scenario describing a moral situation in which a leader,
who was presented in either high or low social distance, behaves unethically toward an employee. We tested our predictions
using a structural equation modeling approach. As expected, participants in the high social distance condition judged leaders
more harshly (i.e., they gave lower ethical leadership ratings) than in the low social distance condition. Thus, social distance
moderated the extent to which leaders are perceived as ethical leaders after moral transgression. Moreover, in accordance
with our proposition, ethical leadership ratings had a positive influence on LMX. 相似文献
6.
James C. Wimbush 《Journal of Business Ethics》1999,18(4):383-395
The paper examines how supervisory influence and cognitive moral development influence subordinates' ethical decision-making and ethical behavior. The proposed interactive effect these major variables have on subordinates' ethical considerations are examined with respect to: (1) before an ethical dilemma occurs, (2) when faced with an ethical dilemma, (3) during the decision process, and (4) after ethical or unethical behavior has been executed. Propositions are presented and implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
7.
The Impact of Ethical Ideologies,Moral Intensity,and Social Context on Sales-Based Ethical Reasoning
Previous research indicates that ethical ideologies, issue-contingencies, and social context can impact ethical reasoning
in different business situations. However, the manner in which these constructs work together to shape different steps of
the ethical decision-making process is not always clear. The purpose of this study was to address these issues by exploring
the influence of idealism and relativism, perceived moral intensity in a decision-making situation, and social context on
the recognition of an ethical issue and ethical intention. Utilizing a sales-based scenario and multiple ethics measures included
on a self-report questionnaire, data were collected from a regional sample of business students, most of whom had modest work
experience. The results indicated that perceived moral intensity was associated with increased ethical issue recognition and
ethical intention. Idealism was also associated with increased ethical issue recognition, and relativism was associated with
decreased ethical intention. Social consensus was positively related to ethical issue recognition and intention, while competitive
context was inversely related to ethical intention. Finally, ethical issue recognition was associated with increased ethical
intention. Idealism, moral intensity, social consensus, and work experience worked together as predictors of ethical issue
recognition, whereas recognition of an ethical issue, relativism, moral intensity, social consensus, and competitive context
worked together to predict ethical intention. 相似文献
8.
Moral reasoning and business ethics: Implications for research,education, and management 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Linda Klebe Trevino 《Journal of Business Ethics》1992,11(5-6):445-459
This paper reviews Kohlberg's (1969) theory of cognitive moral development, highlighting moral reasoning research relevant to the business ethics domain. Implications for future business ethics research, higher education and training, and the management of ethical/unethical behavior are discussed.Linda Klebe Trevino is Assistant Professor of Organizational Behavior at the Mary Jean and Frank B. Smeal College of Business Administration, The Pennsylvania State University. She received her Ph.D. in management from Texas A&M University. Her current research focuses on ethical decision-making behavior in organizations, justice perceptions in disciplinary situations, and new information technologies in managerial communication. 相似文献
9.
《International Business Review》2000,9(1):37-59
In this study, differences in perceived moral intensity, ethical perception, and ethical intention of managers from the United States and Malaysia are investigated. Models are proposed with perceived moral intensity, ethical perception, and ethical intention as dependent variables, the country of residence of the managers as the independent variable, and gender and age of the managers as covariates. By using scenarios involving ethical situations, it is found that American managers perceive higher levels of moral intensity than Malaysian managers on the components that relate to the extent of harm done to the victim. However, there are no significant differences between the two groups on those components that relate to social pressure. Also, the ethical perception and ethical intention of American managers are higher than those of Malaysian managers. An explanation for the direction of the differences is offered based on the divergence of the United States and Malaysia with respect to the societal moral climate, organizational culture, cultural factors, and cognitive moral development. Implications and suggestions for future research are also offered. 相似文献
10.
Paul Griseri 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(4):615-625
This article presents a response to a recent article by Yotam Lurie and Robert Albin in which they discuss and present the
merits of casuistry as a method for resolving moral dilemmas in business, principally by developing ‹edifying’ perspectives
on the situation, and in doing so highlight the shortcomings of principles (such as the categorical imperative) in generating
insights and thereby moral choices. The present article accepts the importance of cases and examples as a source of insight,
but argues that the process of conceptualisation involved in understanding these necessarily involves some reference to principles.
However, principles and cases are best seen as complementary to the ethical decision-making process rather than in opposition.
The complementary functions of these are highlighted in processes such as reflection upon experience, in applications of moral
imagination and in the integration of emotive and cognitive elements in ethical choice. 相似文献
11.
The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perceptions of product harm and consumer vulnerability on
ethical evaluations of target marketing strategies. We first established whether subjects are able to accurately judge the
harmfulness of a product through labeling alone, and whether they could differentiate consumers who were more or less vulnerable.
The results suggest that without the presence of a prime, subjects who depended on implicit memory or guess were able to detect
differences in “sin” and “non-sin” products and consumer vulnerability, but were far less likely to be able to distinguish
among high and low levels of product harm and consumer vulnerability. The inability to accurately identify high and low levels
of product harm and consumer vulnerability impacted their perceptions of the ethicality of target marketing strategies, such
that only four out of 18 target marketing strategies were judged as unethical. Thus, our findings contradict previous research
that found subjects judged many more of the integrated strategies as unethical [Smith and Cooper-Martin, J Market 61(1997) 1]. Our results suggest that assessing ethical evaluations of strategies varying in product harm, and consumer vulnerability
may only be relevant if consumers can accurately identify product harm. 相似文献
12.
13.
In this article, we review the shame and ethical behavior literature in order to more fully develop theory and testable propositions for organizational scholars focusing on the behavioral implications of this ‘moral’ emotion. We propose a dual pathway multilevel model that incorporates complex relationships between felt and anticipatory shame processes and ethical behavior, both within and between persons and at the collective level. We propose a holistic treatment of shame that includes dispositional and organizational (contextual) influences on the cognitive and emotional forces that shape ethical behavior in organizations. The implications of our review of shame for ethical behavior, organizations, and concrete research action are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Taking multidimensional ethics scale approach, this article describes an empirical survey of top managers’ moral decision-making
patterns and their change from 1994 to 2004 during morally problematic situations in the Finnish context. The survey questionnaire
consisted of four moral dilemmas and a multidimensional scale with six ethical dimensions: justice, deontology, relativism,
utilitarianism, egoism and female ethics. The managers evaluated their decision-making in the problems using the multidimensional
ethics scale. Altogether 880 questionnaires were analysed statistically. It is concluded that relying on the utilitarian principles
is a core ethical evaluation criterion amongst top business managers in Finland. This study proves that managers’ moral decision-making
patterns change over time. According to the results of this research, managers’ moral decision-making became more multidimensional
during the study period. The change is explained by (1) the inclusion of female ethics items in the scale which allows managers
to show more diversity in their decision- making, (2) the change in the Finnish economic context from depression to economic
prosperity and growth during the study period, which is conducive to the spread of post materialist values, such as the importance
of social relations and (3) the increasing public discussion of the importance ethical issues in business. 相似文献
15.
This paper introduces the important concept of a biophysical perspective on economics into the business ethics literature. The biophysical perspective recognizes that ecological processes determine what can be done in an economy and how best to do it. A biophysical perspective places the economic system into a larger context of the ecologic system. This changes the perception of ethical issues by identifying a larger scope of management decisions. The paper examines the changing ethical landscape in such issues as biotechnology, planned obsolescence, productivity, and international trade. The paper also examines the shift in mindset associated with the shift in economic framework. It draws on the literature on cognitive structures and moral imagination to show this new perspective can actually raise the bar for ethical decision-making and behavior. The pattern is that the ethical behavior associated with a biophysical economic framework has a greater scope of responsibility with the benefit that the required ethical behavior leads to better long-term decision making. 相似文献
16.
Mariella Pinna 《心理学和销售学》2020,37(3):384-397
This study shows that gender identity affects ethical intentions. We investigate the intention to purchase ethical products through a survey study among young consumers in Italy. Measures of planned behavior, internal ethics, self-identity, and moral harm, together with proxies for individual gender identities of femininity and masculinity are included in our model of intention to purchase ethically. Results show that femininity significantly increases ethical intent, whereas masculinity has an opposite effect. These findings are robust to gender. In fact, the relations of femininity and masculinity on the intention to consume ethical products hold when the subsamples of males and females are considered. This study relates to the ongoing debate regarding the determinants of ethical decision-making and the feminine stereotype by extending the understanding of the attitude-intention gap in ethical consumption among young consumers in Italy. Finally, implications and avenues for further research are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Current frameworks on ethical decision-making process have some limitations. This paper argues that the consideration of moral competencies, understood as moral virtues in the workplace, can enhance our understanding of why moral character contributes to ethical decision-making. After discussing the universal nature of four moral competencies (prudence, justice, fortitude and temperance), we analyse their influence on the various stages of the ethical decision-making process. We conclude by considering the managerial implications of our findings and proposing further research. 相似文献
18.
An Empirical Investigation of the Influence of Selected Personal, Organizational and Moral Intensity Factors on Ethical Decision Making 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This exploratory study of ethical decision making by individuals in organizations found moral intensity, as defined by Jones (1991), to significantly influence ethical decision making intentions of managers. Moral intensity explained 37% and 53% of the variance in ethical decision making in two decision-making scenarios. In part, the results of this research support our theoretical understanding of ethical/unethical decision-making and serve as a foundation for future research. 相似文献
19.
A Test of a Person -- Issue Contingent Model of Ethical Decision Making in Organizations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Susan J. Harrington 《Journal of Business Ethics》1997,16(4):363-375
Despite the existence of a large number of models to explain the ethical decision-making process, rarely have the models been tested. This research validated the use of such models by showing that both issue-contingent variables and individual characteristics affect two commonly-proposed model components: i.e., moral judgment and moral intent. As proposed by Jones' (1991) ethical decision-making model and elaborated on by the author, the main effect of an issue-contingent variable, social consensus, and a closely-related variable, seriousness of consequences, influenced both moral judgment and moral intent.Many ethical decision-making models also argue for the inclusion of individual characteristics in the decision-making process. This study proposed and found that the individual characteristics of rule orientation and denial of responsibility influenced moral judgment and moral intent, respectively. However, contrary to some models, interactions between issue-contingent variables and individual characteristics were insignificant relative to the main effects variables. The relationships found have implications for future model testing, as well as for practising managers. 相似文献
20.
This article concerns itself with the relationship between implicit moral cognitions and decisions in the realm of business
ethics. Traditionally, business ethics research emphasized the effects of overt or␣explicit attitudes on ethical decision-making
and neglected intuitive or implicit attitudes. Therefore, based on an implicit social cognition approach it is important to␣know
whether implicit moral attitudes may have a substantial impact on managerial ethical decision-making processes. To test this
thesis, a study with 50 participants was conducted. In this study the participants were asked to work on a deliberative managerial
ethical decision-making task, in which they had to decide on one of two options. Implicit moral attitudes towards the two
options were measured using the implicit association test (IAT). A semantic differential scale was used to diagnose explicit
moral attitudes towards the two options. Each step taken within the deliberative decision-making process, as well the decision
itself, was assessed using a scoring model-based decision analysis and a decision-making questionnaire. The results of this
study show that implicit moral attitude has a great influence on the deliberative ethical decision-making process. The derived
conclusion is that complex and deliberative decision-making processes in the context of business ethics can be affected by
implicit social cognitions such as implicit moral attitudes. 相似文献