再谈农民致富——主编寄语

农民致富问题是一项极其复杂的系统工程,用千把字的寄语来谈,显然很难谈清楚,所以还须再谈。这次寄语我想集中谈一下公平问题。曾几何时,让中国农民强制接受剪刀差的不公平,接受城乡二元结构的不公平。作为中国人口占绝对优势的农民,长期以来,被排除在中国现代化强国运动之外,基本上处于中国社会的边缘,尽管中国农民通过农业积累和工农产品剪刀差为中国现代化建设提供了人才和资金。但现代化建设的成果,主要体现在城市,主要倾向于城市居民。而农民所从事的农业作为一项产业,始终处于弱势地位。不但如此,一系列的社会制度,把城市和农村区隔为…     

Return Guarantees with Delayed Payment

Abstract. A unit-linked insurance contract can be formulated in terms of a guaranteed amount together with a fraction of a positive excess return of a benchmark portfolio. Normally, the excess return is determined annually and accumulated until the maturity of the contract. The accumulation factor that is granted with respect to the delayed payments can either be deterministic or equal to the (stochastic) bank account. It turns out that the common choice of a deterministic accumulation factor gives rise to problems concerning the pricing and the risk management of the insurance contract.     

精英教育的守望与理性回归

分析了精英教育和大众教育的关系,阐述了在高等教育大众化时代精英教育的重要性,认为办好精英教育需要政府的大力支持,精英教育必须保持高度的选择性,以尽力维持精英型大学的水准,要建立一种能有效促使高等教育系统功能分化的制度。     

Return of industrial policy?

For the sake of freedom, economic growth and poverty reduction the state in market economies should limit itself to regulating markets and (sometimes) correcting ‘market failures’. This neoliberal conception has been the near-consensus for the past two to three decades in the West and in western-led international organizations such as the World Bank. But as of recently, the consensus has been challenged by circumstances with which it cannot contend. This article spells out key ideas behind the consensus – in particular, its rejection of industrial policy. It then argues that the US government has long practised – to good effect – a hitherto little noticed type of industrial policy focused neither on the individual firm nor on the geographic region but on networks of firms, and that a (small) change in the American normative climate has occurred post 2008 in favour of a government steering role in markets. Moreover, some middle-income countries, with manufacturing sectors shrinking in the face of East Asian competition, have recently shown renewed interest in industrial policy. Finally, parts of the World Bank have recently begun to operationalize industrial policy, under the banner of ‘building competitive industries’ (industrial policy by another name), as has not been the case since the mid 1980s. The combination of these several forces may herald the emergence of new global norms in favour of a more ‘developmental’ role of the state.     

Return Migration and Occupational Change

Return migrants exhibit a high tendency for self-employment over waged employment. Using cross- sectional data from Pakistan, the paper explores the determinants of this choice. Retirement from the domestic labor market is not a reason for opting for self-employment. The preference for non-farm self-employment is a two-period process of self-selection. Migrants who expect to switch occupation to non-farm self-employment upon return save more from high transitory overseas income than do their counterparts. Upon return, savings become a significant factor in the choice of self-employment over waged employment. International migration and return have little influence on the choice of farm self-employment.     

贷款收益与综合收益RAROC优化组合的比较分析

有效匹配稀缺的贷款资源以创造银行的最大价值是商业银行提升经营和精细化管理能力的关键.本文立足于商业银行信贷经营实际,采用综合收益(包括贷款收益、存款收益和中间业务收益)下的RAROC指标来代替传统的贷款收益指标,并且从商业银行贷款客户选择的角度,构建了基于RAROC最优的客户组合优化决策模型.运用该模型,通过对以贷款风险收益最大化和以客户综合风险收益最大化为目标的贷款优化组合的比较分析,研究贷款组合目标函数选择的科学性和有效性.研究表明,以贷款风险收益最大化为目标去匹配贷款将产生资源错配,银行无法得到最优经营结果,以客户综合风险收益最大化为目标匹配贷款资源才是商业银行信贷经营的最优选择.     

The Social Return to Apprenticeship Training

This paper draws together findings from a recent program of research to estimate the social rate of return to apprenticeship training and how the costs of training are distributed. It is estimated that 53 per cent of the costs of training an apprentice are borne by the employer, 28 per cent by the public sector and 19 per cent by the apprentice. This is in sharp contrast to the prediction of economic theory that trainees pay for general training. The social rate of return to male apprenticeships is estimated to be 12.8 per cent. This is in line with previous estimates of the social rate of return to university degrees and supports the case for policy measures to increase the level of apprenticeship training. Reforms taking place under the New Apprenticeships Systems are intended to shift the distribution of costs in line with that predicted by theory by placing a greater cost burden on apprentices for general training and increasing the specificity of training. If employers' willingness to offer apprenticeships has been a constraint, then these changes should stimulate apprenticeship training.     

融券卖空与股价异质性波动

以2010—2018年融资融券标的数据为初始研究样本,考察了卖空交易对股价异质性波动的影响及企业成长性在其中发挥的调节作用.研究结果表明:首先,卖空交易抑制了股价异质性波动,在缓解内生性问题后,该结论依然稳健;其次,卖空交易对股价异质性波动的抑制效应在高成长性企业中表现更加明显;最后,卖空交易主要通过改善企业信息透明度来对股价异质性波动产生抑制效应.上述研究结论意味着,在风险可控的前提下,我国应该进一步降低卖空交易门槛.     

关于投资方案内部收益率问题的探讨

本文严格地证明了投资方案的内部收益率（ＩＲＲ）与借款利率的关系，全部资金与自有资金的内部收益率的关系，以及不同的借款偿还方式对自有资金内部收益率的影响。     

配股融资与股票超常收益率

基于事件研究法对2000-2004年沪深股市实施配股的286家A股上市公司在公告日、股权登记日、除权日和上市日表现的研究,以及对配股短期价格效应的分析后发现:事件窗口的选择及其长度是影响累计超常收益率的重要因素,配股再融资的市场总体累积效应是积极和正面的。     

教育工资升水率的微观计量分析

文章运用现代微观计量经济学的分析方法,估计了我国大学教育的工资升水率。文章在研究中从选择偏差及异质性着手,论证了OLS与传统IV估计量的非一致性,进而采用了平均政策效应以弥补两者缺陷。研究结果表明,我国劳动力市场上大学教育的工资升水率已经比20世纪80年代与90年代有显著提高。     

The Rising College Premium in the Eighties: Return to College or Return to Unobserved Ability?

The changes in the distribution of earnings during the 1980s have been studied extensively. The two most striking characteristics of the decade are (a) a large increase in the college/high school wage gap, and (b) a substantial rise in the variance of wage residuals. While this second phenomenon is typically implicitly attributed to an increase in the demand for unobserved skill, most work in this area fails to acknowledge that this same increase in demand for unobserved skill could drive the evolution of the measured college premium. In its simplest form, if higher ability individuals are more likely to attend college, then the increase in the college wage premium may be due to a increase in the relative demand for high ability workers rather than an increase in the demand for skills accumulated in college. This paper develops and estimates a dynamic programming selection model in order to investigate the plausibility of this explanation. The results are highly suggestive that an increase in the demand for unobserved ability could play a major role in the growing college premium.     

Return migration,uncertainty and precautionary savings

"This paper presents a life-cycle model where migrants determine re-migration and consumption simultaneously in a stochastic environment. Whether precautionary savings of migrants are above or below those of natives is ambiguous in general--the sign depends on the risk in host- and home-country labor markets and on the correlation of labor market shocks. Furthermore, the effect of an uncertain environment on migration and re-migration plans cannot be unambiguously signed for the general case. It depends on the size of the wage differential as well as the relative risk the migrant exhibits in the two labor markets."     

Return predictability in emerging equity market sectors

This article investigates the predictive power of technical trading rules in the emerging equity market sector portfolios and finds that trading strategies based on technical indicators significantly outperform the buy-and-hold benchmark. Combination of data snooping bias, data measurement errors in the form of non-synchronicity bias and fluctuations in currency exchange rates is unable to explain the observed outperformance. The introduction of transaction costs tempers the results but technical analysis still possesses significant predictive power for a number of sectors. The performance of technical analysis in the emerging equity market sectors does not conform to historical trends observed in the developed equity markets as well as in the emerging equity markets when broadly diversified portfolios are considered, where predictive power of technical trading rules has been shown to decline over time.     

乡村振兴背景下农民工回流与农村资源配置——基于农民工返乡后行为的微观分析

我国地区间产业转移与乡村振兴战略实施引发了"常态化"的农民工回流趋势.文章利用上海财经大学2013年"千村调查"数据,研究了当前农民工回流趋势的成因和农民工返乡后的行为.研究发现:第一,与以往几次短暂的"被动"回流不同,当前农民工回流趋势与新形势下的乡村发展机会密切相关,是在务工城市"推力"与家乡发展"拉力"共同驱动下形成的;第二,农民工返乡后大多选择非农经营,为家乡非农产业注入了人力资本等要素;第三,农民工回流趋势有效促进了农村土地流转,优化了土地资源配置.文章的研究为吸引优秀农民工回乡发展和促进乡村产业振兴提供了一定的参考价值.     

家庭禀赋、农民工回流与创业参与——来自湖北恩施州的经验证据

本文运用湖北省恩施州的农户调查数据,系统地研究了家庭禀赋对农民工回流及回流后自主创业的影响。实证分析发现,家庭禀赋能够提升劳动力回流农村后的个人发展能力,对农民工回流以及回流后自主创业都有着重要的影响。与没有外出务工经历的农村劳动力相比,回流劳动力在农村可以更好地利用家庭禀赋,以获得更高的经济效率和投资回报,这也正是导致部分农民工回流农村的主要原因。丰富的家庭经济资本、家庭社会资本和家庭自然资本对于农民工回流有着促进作用,尤其会增加农民工回流后自主创业的可能性。通过家庭禀赋对农民工回流及返乡创业的积极效应,也反映出在农民工回流和返乡创业的过程中农村市场化的滞后和社会支持的不足。各级政府需要加大力度,构建完善的社会支持体系搭建好农民工返乡创业的平台。     

Return seasonality in the foreign exchange market

I examine return seasonality in the foreign exchange market using currency futures during the period 1973?2015. All the G10 currency futures yield negative returns in January and this effect happens more often in the countries that have a tax year ending in December. In contrast, returns offered in April are positive. To exploit these anomalies, I use a seasonality strategy that selects portfolios based on their historical same-calendar-month returns. I find that this strategy does not work in the currency market, although I find consistent results with Keloharju et al. in the stock portfolios.