会计师事务所的行业专门化是一种有效的竞争战略吗?——来自中国审计市场的经验证据

会计师事务所的行业专门化可以被视为一种相对于非行业专家审计师的可持续的竞争优势。本文的经验结果表明:行业专门化的审计师会以目标集聚为基本战略,基于其差异化的能力在大客户市场上实施差异化的具体战略,而基于其规模经济优势在小客户市场上实施成本领先的具体战略;相对于非行业专家,行业专门化的事务所在大小客户市场上均能获得超额利润。这一经验结果支持行业专门化的发展道路可以成为会计师事务所行之有效的一种竞争战略。     

会计师事务所合并与行业专门化战略研究

本文研究了1998至2007年间发生的会计师事务所合并事件,针对合并后会计师事务所在客户选择方面的战略变化进行了分析。研究发现,合并后会计师事务所的客户行业集中度在平均水平上与合并前持平,甚至有所下降,但是会计师事务所最具优势行业的客户集中度有显著增加。结果表明,与合并之前的战略模糊和多变的特点相比,会计师事务所在合并之后更多地采取了行业专门化的发展战略,审慎挑选适应会计师事务所发展的客户、培育行业专长。本土会计师事务所已经开始制定符合经营发展需要的战略规划,针对环境的变化实行战略转型。     

会计师事务所行业专门化经营的实证分析

行业专门化经营是会计师事务所产品差异的策略之一.理论上,行业专门化经营会在提高会计师事务所审计质量的同时,使采取行业专门化经营战略的会计师事务所获得审计溢价.对我国2006-2008年A股审计市场数据进行统计分析和实证检验结果表明,以事务所在某行业内的市场占有率来衡量,我国会计师事务所的行业专门化经营水平很低,采取行业专门化经营战略的会计师事务所没有因此而获得审计溢价.     

中国审计市场是否需要行业专门化——新审计准则颁布后的思考

新审计准则的颁布.现代风险导向审计模式的确立,都将促进我国会计师事务所行业专门化的发展.从审计服务供求两方进行经验分析,以验证中国审计市场是否需要专门化经营.结果显示,行业专门化水平的提高能够给事务所带来审计收费溢价,同时也能给投资者提供高质量的审计服务.另外,研究还发现,在我国审计市场,事务所行业专门化经营具有"非常快"(very fast)的学习效应,能显著提高审计质量,说明我们应当大力、广泛推广事务所的专门化经营,这也为我国事务所如何做大做强提供了有益的途径.     

事务所行业专门化研究述评及展望

事务所行业专门化是审计研究的一个重要领域,已经成为国内外审计理论与实务界广泛关注的热点问题。本文对事务所行业专门化的衡量方法、影响事务所行业专门化的行业特征以及事务所行业专门化的经济后果等方面的国内外文献进行了综述,最后,本文对事务所行业专门化的未来研究方向进行了展望并对我国事务所通过行业专门化战略实现"做大做强"提出了具体的建议。     

我国会计师事务所竞争力分析及战略选择问题研究

竞争战略的选择事关事务所的未来发展,首先对审计行业的市场竞争进行五力分析,然后对审计行业的SWOT分析进行阐述,最后对事务所行业专长战略进行描述,以期对事务所行业战略选择提供理论基础和相关建议。     

事务所行业专门化缘起研究——基于经济学视角的分析

审计市场中行业专门化的起源和发展具有深刻的经济基础.首先,行业专门化经营模式的形成是分工及专业化和知识积累在审计市场发展过程中的必然趋势.其次,竞争加剧和风险加大的特定市场背景成就了行业专门化经营模式的广泛应用和兴起.基于经济学视角的缘起分析进一步厘清了行业专门化产生的内在机理,不仅为我国审计市场实施行业专门化经营模式奠定了理论基础,也为后续的实证研究提供了理论依据.     

会计师事务所合并、行业专门化与审计定价探析

审计市场结构、事务所行为以及审计定价是审计研究领域的重要议题。会计师事务所合并和行业专门化作为事务所行为逐步成为影响审计市场结构和审计定价的重要因素。本文对国内外有关会计师事务所合并、行业专门化与审计定价的研究进行分析与总结,为今后的研究提供借鉴。     

保险业价值转移与银行保险的发展

利润收益和市场价值在行业内、行业间乃至企业内部业务单元等层面的分配变动过程称为“价值转移”。价值转移分为价值流入、价值稳定和价值流出三个阶段。价值转移的根本原因是客户偏好的生命周期发生变化。当经常战略与客户需求偏好结构之间的适应机制被打破时，价值便开始在经营战略之间发生转移。我国保险业牌价值流入阶段。亲的客户需求偏好寻求相适应的经营战略。     

大型会计师事务所发展战略研究

本文通过对中国目前排名本土所前十位的会计师事务所的品牌创建战略、专业化经营战略、规模化做大战略、国际化服务战略的分析研究,探寻大型事务所从内涵发展和外延拓展方面实现做大做强有效的有效途径.研究发现,本文所研究的这些大型事务所是中国注册会计师行业恢复重建以来,特别是1999年脱钩改制之后,会计师事务所科学发展战略的忠诚执行者,是促进中国注册会计师行业做大做强做出去的典范.     

Auditor specialization, perceived audit quality, and audit fees in the local government audit market

Prior governmental research implies a positive relation between auditor specialization and audit quality, but the effect of specialization on audit fees is mixed. However, no single governmental study investigates the effect of auditor specialization on both audit quality and audit fees. Also, prior studies focus on either large- or small audit firms and often employ indirect proxies for audit quality. We study the effects of auditor specialization on perceived audit quality and audit fees. Our data represent both Big 5 and smaller audit firms and include three market-based measures of specialization. We survey 241 Florida local government finance directors and find that specialization is positively associated with perceived audit quality but not with audit fees. We also find that Big 5 auditors, often used as a proxy for higher audit quality in prior research, are not uniformly associated with increased perceived audit quality but consistently charge higher audit fees. Our results confirm a relation between measures of audit firm specialization and audit quality and raise questions regarding audit firm size and audit quality in the municipal sector. Our findings suggest that engaging specialized auditors may be good policy for many local governments.     

Does Ethical Culture in Audit Firms Support Auditor Objectivity?

The suggested cause of constrained auditor objectivity has been centred on auditors' financial incentives and long audit tenure. Recent research has challenged those assumptions and questioned the effectiveness of auditor rotation to counteract short-tenure threats to auditor objectivity. Audit firms and regulators need to adopt methods for enhancing auditor objectivity that are effective in various auditor–client relationships. This study examines whether audit firm ethical culture is positively related to auditor objectivity. Based on the responses of 281 practising auditors, the findings indicate that auditors are more likely to make objective judgments in ethical cultures characterized by the rewarding of ethical behaviour and punishment of unethical behaviour, prevalence of ethical norms, visible ethical leadership, and low emphasis on obedience to authority. In conclusion, evidence indicates that auditors in audit firms with a strong ethical culture are more likely to maintain auditor objectivity than are auditors in less supportive cultures. This suggests that audit firms should promote a strong ethical culture to reduce the risk of constrained auditor judgment.     

Explaining Variability in External Audit Fees

This study examines the effect of several factors on the level of external audit fees using a multiple regression model. Audit fee data were provided by 95 US publicly held companies for the years 1983 to 1985. Variables measuring client industry membership and auditor involvement in the security registration process were proxies for client regulatory aspects. These variables were significant and provide support for the hypothesis that scale economies and/or specialization effects accrue to audit firms in dealing with the regulatory complexities faced by clients. Variables measuring auditee size and complexity, auditee/auditor loss sharing risk, and audit firm size were also significant in explaining variability in external audit fees.     

会计师事务所行业专长与审计质量相关性的检验——来自中国上市公司审计市场的经验证据

行业专长是审计师专业技能的重要构成要素之一。国外大量的研究均证实会计师事务所的行业专长能够提高审计质量,而本文的研究却发现,在中国上市公司审计市场中,就总体而言,会计师事务所行业专长与审计质量负相关。进一步的分析则表明,目前我国会计师事务所总体上独立性相对不高、易受行业内经济依赖度的负面影响和行业专长发展程度较低是造成这种负相关性的主要原因。     

资源控制权与审计师轮换的治理效应

审计师轮换是构建独立审计秩序化格局以防范会计舞弊的重要监管手段。本文基于会计师事务所内部治理尤其是资源整合的角度研究了审计师轮换对审计质量的影响,结果发现,审计师轮换后,会计师事务所出具非标意见的概率显著上升,高客户资源控制权个人化会计师事务所显著抑制了公司的正向盈余管理水平;高客户资源控制权个人化会计师事务所在审计师轮换后抑制公司正向盈余管理水平的提高幅度大于低客户资源控制权个人化会计师事务所。结果表明,审计师轮换提高了审计独立性和审计质量,有助于实现客户资源控制权个人化向会计师事务所化的转变。     

On the effort-saving effect of audit committee–auditor interlocking

Using unique data on audit hours from China, this paper investigates the effort-saving effect of the audit committee–auditor interlocking (AClk). We find that AClk is negatively associated with audit effort without any deterioration in audit quality. The results suggest that AClk has an effort-saving effect through information sharing between interlocked audit committee members and auditors. However, auditors retain the effort-saving benefits of AClk without sharing them with their client firms. Further analysis shows that the effort-saving effect of AClk is more pronounced for client firms whose auditors have industry expertise, for client firms that share the same individual auditor, or for client firms that share audit committee members with financial expertise.     

事务所规模、审计行业专长与知情交易概率

外部审计的作用在于提高公司的信息披露透明度,减少信息不对称,以保护投资者利益。本文从知情交易概率视角出发,研究了外部审计在减少信息不对称方面所发挥的作用。研究结果发现,国内"十大"审计的公司,以及由具有审计行业专长的事务所审计的公司,知情交易概率更低,而且行业专长的国内十大(非十大)审计的公司的知情交易概率也低于不具有行业专长的国内十大(非十大)。进一步检验还表明,在机构投资者持股的公司中,事务所规模和审计行业专长能够更有效减少知情交易概率。     

Auditor specialization,accounting information quality and investment efficiency

This study is examined how the auditor specialization moderates the effect of accounting information quality on investment efficiency, i.e., whether the effect of accounting information quality on investment efficiency is increasing or decreasing with the presence of the specialist auditor.The reached result reveals that the accounting information quality appears to help decrease the overinvestment problem. Similarly, the auditor specialization has been discovered to help greatly in improving investment efficiency, while reducing the underinvestment problem. We further find that the accounting information quality and the auditor specialization are two mechanisms with some degree of substitution in enhancing investment efficiency. The accounting information quality is positively associated with investment efficiency for firms whose auditor is an industry specialist.In addition, to check the robustness of the main results, this paper investigates the causal relationships between investment efficiency, auditor specialization and accounting information quality from the dynamic simultaneous-equation models.     

审计师声誉研究:述评与展望

审计师声誉是审计师保持独立性的动机,对审计师声誉的研究在2001年安然事件后逐渐增多并引发了广泛关注。现有文献主要从审计师声誉的形成、作用、毁损与修复机制等方面展开。具体而言,监管、行业专门化、审计质量、媒体及法律等是审计师声誉形成的重要影响因素,审计师声誉的建立有助于审计师保持独立、提高审计质量和收费等,而审计师声誉的毁损将会导致市场反应和溢出效应,同时也催生了相应的声誉修复问题。本文的综述有助于全面了解审计师声誉的现状并可能对其未来发展方向提供建议。