人民银行绩效审计评价指标体系设计与应用分析

一、人民银行绩效审计评价体系构建 (一)人民银行绩效审计评价体系构建原则 1.坚持微观效益和宏观效益相结合的原则.     

建立完善的人民银行内控评价体系

当前,建立人民银行的内部控制评价体系,应当以前瞻性与务实性原则为指导,既要借鉴国际上先进的研究成果,又要结合我国的现实情况。通过对人民银行内部控制建设的系统评价,找出人民银行内部控制的薄弱环节,有针对性地提出改进内部控制的建议和措施,进一步提高人民银行管理水平。     

人民银行内部控制审计评价应用研究

《国际内部审计专业实务标准》将内部控制审计定义为：“内部审计部门必须评估控制的效果和效率，并促进控制持续改进，从而协助组织维持有效的控制”。目前，内部控制审计已经成为人民银行内审工作转型的重点和突破口，探索人民银行内部控制审计评价不仅是内审工作转型的要求和重点，也是更好发挥内审服务、咨询功能的尝试。本文从分析人民银行内部控制审计评价的目的和内容入手，结合COSO委员会创建的《内部控制整体框架》，探索设计适合人民银行内部控制审计评价体系，提出完善人民银行内部控制审计评价的建议，以提高内部控制审计的质量和效果，进一步促进人民银行内部控制规范建设和有效履职。     

解决现行基层人民银行 履职审计中存在问题的建议

（一）完善履职审计制度和评价体系。一是借鉴外国先进的屐职审计经验,认真总结近年来全面审计、离任审计、专项审计中取得的评价标准方面的经验,抓住领导干部履职的主要风险环节,参照财务审计的审计准则,按照经济性、效果性、效率性原则,结合现阶段履行职责审计探索实践和基层人民银行的业务特点,制定系统、操作性强的履职审计制度和评价标准体系,规范审计评价的尺度,明确界定履职责任及认定标准,提高权威性,保证履职审计规范运行。二是在对领导干部履职评价时,要围绕审计内容进行评价,坚持实事求是的原则,最大限度地保证审计评价的全面客观性。     

人民银行分支机构绩效审计指标设计方法构想

人民银行开展绩效审计的关键难点．莫过于人民银行的绩效管理刚起步不久,还没有建成一套科学合理的绩效管理评价指标体系,因而没有现成的审计评价指标和标准;由传统审计向绩效审计转型的直接成效,首先恰恰在于内审人员能否在这方面作出有益的探索,继而从审计的视角提出绩效管理的评价意见和改进建议,以绩效审计促进人民银行绩效管理。     

构建人民银行内部控制评价体系的几点思考

中央银行做为现代经济社会中重要的公共权力机构之一，对于经济金融持续稳健的发展起着不可或缺的作用。人民银行作为我国的中央银行，其内部控制体系建设上正处于起步阶段，尚未建立较为全面的内部控制体系和有效的评价体系。本文致力于人民银行内部控制评价体系的构建问题的探讨，希望能够对构建人民银行内部控制评价体系有所帮助，进而健全人民银行内部控制机制，加强和改进内部管理，防范内部风险，更好地履行中央银行职责。     

关于完善人民银行内部控制评价体系的思考

内部控制评价是对内部控制的再控制,是保证内部控制目标实现以及作用发挥的重要途径。人民银行内部控制体系建设上正处于起步阶段,尚未建立较为全面的内部控制体系和有效的评价体系。本文拟从内部控制评价对于强化管理,防范风险起到的积极作用入手,深入分析人民银行内部控制评价现状及存在问题,并从改善评价环境、明确评价主体、建立健全评价机制及标准等方面提出建设性的意见。     

论营商法治环境评价的理路与指标体系

基于中国营商法治环境建设实践与未来走向的理性视角，结合营商环境评价与法治评价的跨学科研究方法，采用融合顶层设计、评价方法与标准、评价框架在内的体系性思路，兼顾形式法治与实质法治的双重需求，从宏观层面搭建涵盖营商法制环境、政企互动环境、司法能动环境和社会信用环境在内的营商法治环境评价框架，围绕共识化、可量化、可回溯和企业主体化的指标设计原则，构建营商法治环境评价指标体系模型，并对微观层面的指标择取逻辑作出阐释。     

基层央行科技服务评价体系的建立

随着人民银行在办公系统、业务系统、内部管理等方面对计算机技术的全面应用。计算机系统的日常维护、定期巡检、系统升级、应用延展、突发事件处置等科技服务事项被不断提出新的标准。基于此，建立一套完整、可操作的内部标准化科技服务评价体系尤为重要。为加强人民银行内部科技服务质量，全面规范服务标准，晋中中支对此体系进行了有益探索。     

基层央行开展内部控制评价的探讨

近年来，人民银行在内部控制审计方面积累了一些经验，在围绕COSO五要素开展审计的同时，开始从内部控制的全面性、合理性、遵循性和有效性四个方面进行评价，并取得初步成效。随著人民银行内审工作转型的要求，内部控制审计力度的不断加大，研究和探讨基层央行开展内部控制评价的意义、方法、现状和难点及相关建议具有积极的理论和实践意义。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.