The governance of agro- and pharmaceutical biotechnology innovation: Public policy and industrial strategy

Multinational companies in the life science sector are heavily influenced by government policies and regulations and in turn attempt to influence these actors nationally and internationally. This paper focuses on recent and on-going research, principally on the agro-biotechnology and, to a lesser extent, on the pharmaceutical industries, covering the evolution of policy and regulation in Europe, how policies are influenced by stakeholder pressures and how policy in turn influences company strategies for product development. We focus particularly on new ‘governance’ agendas in Europe and consider the relative impacts of enabling, constraining, discriminating and indiscriminate policies on company strategies as part of our development of an integrated approach to policy and governance. We also consider changes in external operating environments for multinational companies and compare past histories and present pressures on agro-biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. The paper argues, with evidence, that a more enabling and discriminating policy and regulatory environment can achieve public goals more efficiently and effectively, taking account of impacts on innovation, than more blunt policy instruments. This type of environment takes into account the resources and capabilities available to firms and research laboratories rather than relying on broad brush carrot and stick approaches.     

中印信息技术产业的比较研究

在经济全球化和国际分工迅速发展的今天，信息技术产业在很大程度上体现了一国的经济发展水平。关注和研究中印信息技术产业的发展，对中国发展信息技术，改造传统产业，促进国民经济信息化，推动经济结构调整将具有非常重大的借鉴意义。     

浅析信息技术产业的网络外部性

网络外部性是指通过网络利用某一种产品或服务的人越多,每一个使用者从该产品或服务中所获得的利益也就越大。信息技术产业是一种典型的具有网络外部性的产业。信息技术产业的网络外部性引导企业进行开放化生产、追求主导业界标准、提供免费数字大餐。面对信息技术产业的网络外部性,本文提出了相应的对策建议。     

广东省纺织业技术创新模式研究

介绍了广东省纺织业技术引进、消化吸收、创新的现状,根据广东纺织企业几个典范,重点剖析各企业的创新模式特征,提出了技术创新模式的应用范围及趋势,对促进我国纺织业技术创新发展有着积极意义和借鉴价值。     

Market concentration measurement,administrative monopoly effect and efficiency improvement: empirical data from China civil aviation industry 2001-2015

China’s civil aviation transportation industry is a natural monopoly industry field, and the effect of administrative monopoly is obviously. This paper uses absolute market concentration (CRn) and relative market concentration (HHI) to quantitatively analyze the competition and monopoly degree of Chinese civil aviation transportation in 2001–2015. It is found that although the monopoly degree of Chinese civil aviation industry has declined in the time period, it still belongs to the oligopoly monopoly market. Then, this paper calculates the production efficiency of the industry by DEA method, and makes an empirical test on the relationship between the two factors using the econometric models. With taking into account the calculated results and the HHI index. Relevant research results show that the equilibrium between the existing production efficiency and the degree of administrative monopoly in China’s civil aviation transportation industry long-term stably from the time period. In order to realize the rapid development and improve the efficiency of the industry, the Chinese civil aviation transportation industry must carry out the market-oriented reform. By realizing the separation of government and enterprises, it is necessary to promote the good competition rules in order to benefit the consumers.     

产业链效应与产业链传导机制研究

产业作为国民经济重要组成部分,对经济增长起着决定性的作用。而国民经济中的各产业又是相互影响、相互作用的,构成了错综复杂的产业链条和网络,覆盖着整个国民经济,形成了独特的国民经济结构。从分析产业链的形态、构成和传导机制着手,分析国民经济各产业对经济增长的影响,从而研究保持经济稳定增长的产业政策和宏观经济政策。     

我国信息技术产业与现代服务业产业关联分析

从现代服务业的内涵和构成来看,现代服务业的产生和发展与信息技术的扩散和应用有着密不可分的关系。以投入产出表数据为基础,用投入产出方法深入地分析了信息技术产业和现代服务业在国民经济中的地位和作用以及两者之间的关联关系,并得出了相应的结论。     

Research technology organisations as leaders of R&D collaboration with SMEs: role,barriers and facilitators

Research technology organisations or RTOs have attracted academic interest in the last decade due to their role as technology transfer agents and R&D collaborative leaders for firms and especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Although their role within the diversity of specialised structures in generating R&D for industry in National Innovation Systems is recognised, there are scarce publications in relation to their strategies, performance or characteristic, as leaders of R&D collaboration with SMEs. The aim of this work is to identify the role, barriers and facilitators for RTOs performance as well as to develop a contingency relationship between industry environment, strategy, organisational structure and other factors for successful technology transfer from technology organisations to SMEs. This research is based on a field study conducted on 14 technology organisations based in the Valencia region, working with various industry sectors.     

Innovation management tools: implementing technology watch as a routine for adaptation

Innovation management (IM) is a multidisciplinary field which has been growing for the past few decades. However, the management of innovation is often considered equivalent to technology management or the management of research and development. By focusing on a set of small- and medium-sized enterprises operating in a medium-high-tech industry, the paper intends to determine the characteristics of IM tools. In particular, we address one of these tools, technology watch (TW), and define a set of generic stages to introduce the most relevant roles for its implementation. TW consists of the systematic observation, analysis and use of technological information, allowing companies to be aware of their external environment and learn from it. Through the implementation of TW processes, companies are able to assess and adapt their current technological base and the fit of their internal competences to the signals coming from the external environment.     

本信息通信技术产业的规划及发展趋势

随着科技的发展,信息通信技术已经深入到了各个行业,对人们的生活、社会生产以及整个产业结构都产生了重大的影响。近年来,日本政府出台了一系列信息通信技术产业的战略规划,其未来重点发展领域为：云计算及大数据处理技术,智能电网、智能交通,低成本、低能耗、小型化的超级计算机,智能机器人及柔性制造系统,数字化智能家电以及汽车产业等。日本政府将加强信息通信技术与本国制造业以及其他传统优势领域的融合,在推动重点产业发展的同时,主要考量的是利用信息通信技术进一步提高国民生活的质量。     

军民信息融合发展路径与对策研究

把国防和军队现代化建设融入国家经济社会发展体系之中,实现军民产业融合发展是我国富国强军的重要战略目标。军民信息融合是军民产业融合发展的重要组成部分,是我国军民产业融合的切入点,也是军民融合产业发展的发动机。文章从军民信息融合的基本理论和存在的问题出发,通过军民融合产业发展的信息交流、整合、互动和共享需求的分析,指出军民信息融合的关键在于权威的信息融合平台、有效信息流的形成机制以及信息融合人才的培养,并提出军民信息融合存在三个路径及相应的军民信息融合发展对策:以交易为核心、以协同制造为核心及以军民一体化为核心的路径。     

Strategic human resource management for university-industry collaborations in Korea: financial incentives for academic faculty and employment security of industry liaison offices

In an attempt to understand why some universities achieve better outcomes from university-industry collaborations, this study adopts the perspective of strategic human resource management that emphasises the congruence between the university strategic orientation and the human resource practices. Based on a large-scale survey of universities in Korea, this study suggests that the human resource management practices of providing incentive compensation to academic faculty, and the employment security and size of human resources in the industry liaison offices significantly contribute to the university-industry collaboration performance, such as the number of registered patents, licensing revenue of intellectual property, and the integrated collaboration revenue.     

关于大连机场航空枢纽发展建设的若干思考

在科学技术和产业经济迅猛发展的今天,民航业的地位与作用日渐凸显,航空枢纽的发展建设对地方经济的发展起着越来越重要的作用。结合自身的工作实际,从"统筹航线开发、科学整合机场一体化交通中心,为临空经济提供有力保障、科学规划陆侧集疏运系统,为远程值机和多式联运所带来的正面辐射效应提供保障与支持"等三个方面为大连机场航空枢纽的发展建设提供了理论和实践上的支持。     

基于顾客知识的服务失误归因模型研究：以航空服务业为例

本文基于顾客知识的视角，从消费者归因的内部驱动因素出发，通过文献回顾和航空旅客对航班延误归因过程的实证分析，建立并验证了“知识-归因”模型。研究证明了顾客知识对归因结果的显著影响，并且验证了信任在归因过程中起到了重要的作用。     

Key factors influencing digital content industry in Taiwan from the triple helix perspective

The triple helix (TH) model of the university–industry–government relationship is an accepted significant determinant of industrial innovation. However, the evaluations of these three actors and the actors’ innovation or activities' effects have not been empirically determined. The aim of this study is to integrate the TH model and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to develop an evaluation model that prioritises the relative weight of the factors’ influence on the digital content industry, specifically in Taiwan. The results identify the most relevant factors with respect to digital content to enable policy-makers to develop effective promoting strategies for the industry.     

生物技术产业的特征及作用

生物技术产业属于高技术、高投入、高风险和高回报的行业,因其前期投入大、科技含量高、生产工艺复杂、质量要求严格、受国家扶持,所以进入壁垒高、垄断性强、利润丰厚,蕴藏着巨大的经济潜能。生物技术产业的作用是：改善医疗卫生水平;解决粮食短缺问题;对传统工业的改造;加快改变能源格局。     

以信息化提升传统产业的对策研究

信息化建设是我国加快实现工业化和现代化的必然选择。以先进的信息技术改造提升传统产业,是实现传统产业跨越式发展、走新型工业化道路、提升企业竞争力的核心。     

美国信息技术领域专利政策分析及对我启示

高技术产业是真正建立在知识产权基础上的新产业。没有知识产权就没有高新技术产业。作为当前高技术产业的核心领域，信息技术产业更是建立在知识产权基础上的新兴产业，专利权是其中的关键因素。我们有必要研究美国的专利政策经验，为完善我国专利政策提供借鉴。     

Information technology investment strategies: a review and synthesis of the literature

In spite of high importance of information technology (IT) investments, managers do not have sufficient guidelines to formulate IT investment strategy of a firm. In this paper, we review the literature to determine the factors that influence the IT investment strategy. The concept of IT investment strategy so far considered two domains: intensity and proactiveness; we enhance this concept by adding the domain of investment focus. Through this review, we made an attempt to answer three strategic questions related to IT investments: (i) level of investment that a firm should make in IT, that is, investment intensity; (ii) areas of firm where these investments should be more focused, that is, investment focus; and (iii) timing of investment, that is, whether to be an early mover in adopting IT or whether to invest relatively late compared to competitors.     

集群式产业链形成与演化内在机理研究

论文在分析诱发因素的基础上,对集群式产业链形成的内在自增强机制——分工、集群与产业链互动关系进行剖析,指出这是一种具有双刃剑性质的可逆机制;论文还重点构建基于群链租金增进的动力机制与群链耗散的阻力机制模型,在此基础上提出并论证集群式产业链形成与演进内在机理的一般过程,并对群链生命周期演化各阶段的特点及其演化原因进行诠释。