UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS: IMPACTS ON LOCAL AND U.S. ECONOMIES

In the past two decades, many universities have established Offices of Technology Transfer to increase the transfer rate of certain research innovations to the private sector. More recently, some of these offices have come under pressure to increase their performance and thereby stimulate local economies. This paper discusses various technology transfer methods and presents results of a survey of university Offices of Technology Transfer. Comparisons of these offices take into account size, focus, and differences in public and private universities' goals. The paper concludes by discussing potential pitfalls of technology transfer and of privatizing university research.     

Technology transfer in the IT industry: A Korean perspective

Recently Korean Government announced ambitious IT strategy to establish Korea as one of leaders in world IT market. To implement this strategy, technology transfer from research lab to market should be successfully performed. This study is to identify factors influencing technology transfer and to examine contribution of these factors on success of technology transfer in Korean IT industry. Survey results show that technology project leaders evaluated “Concreteness of Technology” as the most influential factor for technology transfer, followed by “Communication Channels,” “Collaboration among Participants,” “Management Support,” “Government Support,” and “Incentives for Transfer.” Out of 135 technology transfer projects, respondents rated 33 projects as sustaining (28.44%), 38 as promoting (28.15%), 26 as demonstrating (19.26%), 27 in incubating (20.00%), and the remaining 7 in imaging stage (8.15%). This statistics means that 28.15% of technology transfer projects did not reach production stage. Regression analysis identifies that “Communication Channels,” “Management Support,” “Concreteness of Technology” “Sense of Common Purpose,” and “Awareness of Technology Transfer” were statistically significant in explaining success of technology transfer.     

区际产业转移、因素识别与改进型引力模型应用分析

随着产业结构调整深度进行,区域间产业转移成为产业合理布局的必然现象。考虑到引力模型的实践意义,将两次基于产业转移的技术改进后的引力模型引入产业转移研究中。同时,选用2007年、2010年、2013年的产业转移数据,在空间格局上对珠江三角洲的电子元器件产业转移进行实证研究,并对产业转移引力模型涉及的指标进行有效测定,运用计量分析方法,分析不同改进引力模型下产业转移影响因素的作用强度。在此基础上,针对电子元器件的产业转移提出了对策建议。     

The trickle-down effect: how elite sporting success affects amateur participation in German football

The trickle-down effect assumes that sporting success at the elite sport level descends down to the amateur sport level in the sense that people are inspired by sporting success to participate themselves. Previous research failed to find convincing evidence for this relationship, mostly because the data used and the methods applied (e.g. cross-sectional data, primary data, correlations) were not adequate. This study addresses these shortcomings and examines the effect of national sporting success on amateur sport participation in German football using longitudinal data from 1950 to 2014. Since an individual’s decision to participate in sport also depends on other factors, the regression models also control for working hours, real wages etc. The results show that only World Cup title wins of the men’s national team have a positive and statistically significant impact on the number of and percentage changes in individual club memberships, clubs and teams. The coefficients of European Championship titles and title wins of the women’s national team turn out to be mostly insignificant. Future research should examine the reasons as to why only title wins by the men’s team have a measurable inspirational effect on amateur sport participation in football.     

Competition in shared markets and Major League Baseball broadcast viewership

This work evaluates the cross-quality elasticity of related products in the context of local market Nielsen Local People Meter ratings of Major League Baseball (MLB) regular season broadcasts from 2010 through 2013 from six teams in three shared markets. We employ a fixed effects panel regression with multi-way error clustering, finding that fans exhibit nuanced behaviour related to the absolute quality and relative quality of the two local teams. Our estimates imply quality-related competition for viewership between teams in the face of large disparities in quality. However, when both teams are of high quality, viewership increased beyond what own-team success would predict alone for the competing team. The competitive effects are largely dominated by the spillover effects. These findings point to complementary effects of team success beyond own-team interest, and bring about an important nuance in the literature on market definition, competition and substitution in sport.     

FINANCIAL CONSISTENCY IN LONGITUDINAL MICROSIMULATION: HOMEMAKER PENSIONS RE-EXAMINED

Transfer programs, including public pension plans, do not generate wealth. In this paper methods of distributional analysis that lack budget constraints and are prone to illusions of wealth creation are criticized. A microsimulation analysis reported in "Homemaker Pension and Lifetime Redistribution" (Wolfson, 1988) is repeated using a conceptual framework that imposes a balance between the positive and negative impacts of transfer programs. This alternate analytical perspective reverses the distributional conclusions of the earlier study conducted using the same model.     

国际创新团队研究的知识基础与热点前沿

创新团队日益成为合作创新的一种重要形式。基于1992年以来WOS数据库中国际创新团队研究文献的知识图谱分析,探寻国际创新团队研究的活跃程度、知识基础及前沿热点。通过文献共被引和期刊共被引分析,总结了创新团队工作氛围、绩效模型、影响因素及团队学习等方面的研究成果,形成深入研究创新团队的知识基础,指出管理学、心理学、技术创新等学科是研究创新团队的主要知识基础;通过关键词共现分析,发现团队绩效、团队组织管理、团队知识转移与分享是国际创新团队研究中最为关注的问题;知识管理与团队学习、跨职能创新团队、虚拟创新团队等是当前及今后一段时期的研究主题。     

科研团队合作网络特征分析及比较——以中德两个大学科研团队为例

以中德两个大学科研团队为例,利用通过实地访谈和问卷调查收集的数据,运用社会网络分析和典型案例研究方法,对两个大学科研团队合作网络的结网特点和特征进行了比较分析。结果显示:由于两个样本科研团队的规模一致且团队规模较大,因此其合作网络的密度具有一致性,即均较低;两个科研团队在合作网络的集中度、网络结构和稳定性方面存在较大差异;两个科研团队的领导人对其合作网络均具有重要影响。     

Productive Efficiency and Salary Distribution: The Case of US Major League Baseball

Recent theoretical research suggests that a firm's salary structure can affect the firm's productivity. We investigate the relationship between payroll inequality and production using US Major League Baseball data. Employing panel data methods, this study finds that salary inequality has a significantly negative effect on team success. A general result is that team success in term of wins does not seem to be correlated with efficiency; specifically, some of the least successful teams are also some of the most efficient. In addition, salary inequality does not appear to be correlated with efficiency. Furthermore, revenues generated by teams are not necessarily correlated with team efficiency.     

产业转移对承接地与转出地的环境影响研究--基于皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区的分析

有关产业转移对承接地和转出地环境影响的研究一直存在较大争议。以皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区为分析对象,采用倾向得分匹配法评估、分析示范区建立对承接地和转出地的生态环境影响,实证得出结论：产业转移示范区的建立对承接地（皖江区域）的环境影响显著为正,而对主要转出地（长三角地区）的环境影响部分显著为正。因此,实施产业转移并不一定会使承接地的环境恶化,只要加强转移进入门槛和环境管制,承接地和转出地通过科学有效的产业转移可以实现环境“双赢”。     

我国重点高校技术转移效率变化的影响因素研究—基于面板随机前沿分析方法

为研究制约我国重点高校技术转移效率提升的影响因素,本研究基于随机前沿分析的超越对数函数测算了我国91所高校2007—2016年的技术转移效率的动态变化,探究了外部区域市场和高校自身异质性因素对技术转移效率的影响程度。研究发现:市场需求对技术转移效率的拉动作用是有限的,过大的市场需求可能抑制技术转移效率的提升;而高技术产业的聚集和与市场联系的增强可以有效提升技术转移效率。此外,就技术转移效率动态变化模式的研究发现,高校技术转移效率增长模式在不同学科结构和区域之间存在显著差异。最后,就研究结论对高校和政府提升技术转移效率提出了相应的政策建议。     

虚拟团队信任影响因素实证研究

虚拟团队的信任是人力资源管理与组织行为学领域的一个重要研究课题。相比较对传统面对面团队信任影响因素的大量研究,虚拟团队信任影响因素的研究尤其是实证方面的研究相对较少。本文在对虚拟团队产生背景、虚拟团队信任及其影响因素研究现状分析的基础上,整合个体、团队及组织三大层面,综合分析影响虚拟团队信任的个体特征（正直、能力、善意、信任倾向）、团队特征（领导有效性、目标明确性、任务依赖性、成员异质性）、组织特征（组织制度保障性、组织愿景）三层面十大因素,构建了虚拟团队信任影响因素的研究框架,进而提出相应的研究假设。通过选取实际企业中的虚拟团队为研究样本,验证这些因素对虚拟团队信任的影响。经实证研究发现,正直、能力、善意、信任倾向、领导有效性、目标明确性、任务依赖性、组织制度保障性、组织愿景均正向影响虚拟团队信任,而成员异质性则并非如先前所假设的那样成为虚拟团队信任的影响因素。     

大学技术转移服务机构的发展策略研究——基于国家技术转移促进行动的分析

国家技术转移促进行动的实施为大学技术转移服务机构迎来了良好的发展机遇。对大学技术转移中心、大学科技园、生产力促进中心、工程（技术）研究中心等现阶段大学技术转移服务机构主要类型的功能定位进行了分析,指出几类大学技术转移服务机构的功能定位虽然不同,但都在促进大学技术转移方面发挥了重要作用。对国家技术转移促进行动关于大学技术转移及其服务机构的相关政策进行了解读。在国家新型技术转移体系中,大学作为国家技术转移体系建设的重要环节,充分发挥技术转移服务机构的作用,大力促进技术转移意义重大。以国家技术转移促进行动为契机,应从技术转移服务机构运行机制的完善、技术转移服务机构的扶持、科学的知识产权管理办法、合理的科技人员评价机制以及技术转移机构专业人员的培训等多方面入手加强大学技术转移服务机构的发展。     

公私合作技术创新网络创新绩效影响因素元分析

公私合作技术创新网络作为近年来技术创新体制的领先实践广受关注，然而理论界并未对其创新绩效影响因素达成一致结论。为此，运用元分析法对国内外61篇实证文献进行分析，系统总结公私合作技术创新网络创新绩效影响因素，基于研究方法差异探讨现存研究分歧成因。结果发现：企业主体层面R&D投入、技术创新能力和市场能力，政府主体层面政府投资和政策支持，组织间合作层面合作紧密度和知识转移强度，创新环境层面外部投资强度和区域经济发展水平均能够显著提升公私合作技术创新网络创新绩效。另外，研究样本类型、数据来源和绩效测度指标不同均会导致研究结果不一致。该结论可为中国公私合作技术创新网络理论研究和发展实践提供重要科学依据。     

政策支持、创业激情与技术创业成功：政策感知的调节作用

为了厘清政策支持对技术创业成功的作用机制,将创业激情作为中介变量、政策感知作为调节变量,构建政策支持影响技术创业成功的理论模型,并结合云南地区291家技术创业企业数据开展实证研究。结果表明：政策支持促进技术创业成功;政策支持通过激发技术创业者创业激情进而促进技术创业成功;政策感知强化政策支持对技术创业成功的正向影响,同时增强政策支持对创业激情的正向影响,对创业激情的中介过程具有调节作用,即在不同水平政策感知下,创业激情的中介效用存在明显差异。     

“多团队成员身份”对创新型团队凝聚力的影响

团队认同和团队凝聚力是驱动创新型团队高绩效产出的重要因素,现实中经常存成员同时参加多个团队的情况。因此,“多团队成员身份”作为一种兼具普遍性与复杂性的工作状态,成为团队管理研究的新视角。通过对402名具有“多团队成员身份”的科研人员的调查及访谈,使用AMOS路径分析法和Bootstrap法对4个研究假设予以验证,得出以下结论：同时参加多个团队带来的信息共享优势和经验交流优势是被调查对象的共同感知;对团队氛围和负责人的认同在团队认同中具有重要影响;任务凝聚力是影响团队凝聚力的重要因素;“多团队成员身份”对团队认同及团队凝聚力具有较强的正向影响;团队认同在“多团队成员身份”和“团队凝聚力”之间具有显著的中介作用。最后从团队创新氛围和共享氛围营造、增强对负责人的认同感、提升任务凝聚力、加强沟通合作与经验交流等4个方面,提出了“多团队成员身份”背景下提升团队凝聚力的对策。     

A Framework for Stakeholder Integration in Higher Education Information Systems Projects

Concern that universities are struggling with the complexities inherent in the implementation of their information systems prompted the HEFCE sponsored study, reported herein. The purpose of the research was to provide a basis for improving the likelihood of success, when undertaking university-based Information System (IS) projects; the particular focus being on ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) based integrated systems. The research outcome was an IS project management framework to provide general guidance and a bridge for co-operation between the very different stakeholder groups involved in such endeavours. Typically these would include senior university management, project teams (including consultants, where appropriate) and system vendors.     

Foreign players,team production,and technical efficiency: Evidence from European soccer

As on-field success is nowadays the main objective of European soccer clubs, good management needs to extract the highest sport success from the squad talent at hand. Because teams differ in their quality, performance needs to be compared with the best practice of comparable units. One remarkable source of heterogeneity across teams is the squad composition, which can produce gains from diversity together with communication costs. The paper studies the efficiency in sporting performance of soccer teams, paying attention to how the number of foreign players relates to productive inefficiency. Using data for 146 teams in the top 5 European leagues during 10 seasons, we estimate a double heteroskedastic True Random Effects Stochastic Frontier team production function. We find that (i) the number of passes, ball recoveries, and shots from the penalty area improve team efficiency, and (ii) a higher number of foreign players increase inefficiency. Our findings suggest that gains from squad diversity might be offset by communication costs.     

创业团队异质性对科技型新创企业绩效的影响

创业团队知识多样性和社会关系网络会对科技型新创企业技术创新产生较大影响,进而影响其成长。基于已有的创业团队异质性研究主要是借鉴高管团队异质性的研究结论,结合资源基础理论和社会交换理论,研究了知识异质性和社会关系网络异质性对新创科技型企业的作用机理,并探讨了创新氛围和社会关系网络质量在新创科技型企业资源整合及利用过程中的调节作用。对河南省304家科技型新创企业的实证研究发现,创业团队知识异质性与创业绩效间存在倒U型关系,并受到创新氛围的负向调节和社会关系网络质量的正向调节;创业团队社会关系网络异质性正向影响创业绩效,并受到创新氛围和社会关系网络质量的正向调节。     

林权流转的多维动因分析与激励路径选择

林权制度改革后,我国南方集体林的绝大部分实行了家庭联产承包责任制,家庭承包责任制催生林地流转,小规模林地经营状况为林地流转创造条件。当前,林权流转呈加速趋势。林权流转的动因包括三个层次,劳动力城镇化转移、林业的比较效益低、林业产业结构的调整等微观层次原因,林地规模经营、林区经济发展等中观层次原因,林业实现国际化、林区家庭承包制继续稳定发展、国家的政策法律等宏观层次原因。所以,可以选择以下路径激励林权流转的加速：稳定和强化农户的土地使用权,强调承包权能的独立存在;加强林地使用权流转机制建设;建立市场中介组织,完善土地承包经营权流转体系市场;推进城镇化进程,农村劳动力的转移,逐步建立和完善农村社会保障体系;加强农民职业教育,转变农户传统经营观念。