“密路网,小街区”规划模式的土地利用与城市设计研究——以美国波特兰市为例

面对美国城市郊区的无序蔓延和城市中心的衰落,在美国兴起了新城市主义运动。新城市主义"选择"、"解释"、并"发展"了"密路网,小街区"规划模式,而波特兰是新城市主义思想与"密路网,小街区"规划模式实践的绝佳案例。文章对波特兰规划建设经验进行分析和思考,从土地利用与城市设计两个方面总结归纳波特兰核心区城市规划的技术要点。     

新城市主义对居住区规划的启示

自二十世纪九十年代来,起源于美国的新城市主义(NewUrbanism)思想成为城市规划、城市设计领域的重要理念。相比其他思潮,新城市主义重新唤起了人们对城市中心的回忆。     

新城市主义的人本理念及其在中国的应用

新城市主义是20世纪90年代在西方城市规划与设计领域兴起的一个重要流派.在回顾其理论渊源的基础上,着重分析了其中蕴涵的丰富的人本思想,并结合我国目前城市发展中的突出问题,对其在我国城市规划中的实际应用进行了初步探索.     

新城市主义及精明增长之解读

二战后,美国城市向郊区的无序蔓延带来了许多负面影响,针对"城市蔓延"问题,"新城市主义"和"精明增长"理论应运而生.首先,深入解读了"新城市主义"及"精明增长"的思想内涵,其次,总结了二者在核心内容上的理论共识以及侧重方向,最后,基于美国与中国城市发展的背景差异,对"新城市主义"和"精明增长"的中国化问题做了探讨.     

土地使用与交通的整合:新城市主义和理性增长

文章的主要目标是评论美国交通与土地利用整合的实践,同时试图针对中国的城市规划实践提出建议.文章由三个部分组成.第一部分介绍城市理性增长作为区域尝试来促进土地利用与交通的整合;第二部分简要评述用以土地利用和交通整合的定量模型和评价可以用于土地利用与交通整合的指标体系;第三部分介绍新城市主义.     

现代化城市规划管理机制的创建及体系的创新

城市规划管理是实现城市规划目标的过程,是对城市建设活动的组织和控制。要想把城市规划好、建设好、管理好、规划蓝图能否实现,关键是规划管理。本文结合多年城市规划工作实践,着重从创建具有中国特色的现代城市规划管理机制和创新城市规划管理体系方面进行了详细探索与思考。     

“新城市主义”的视角下苏州城市规划的得失

<正>一、新城市主义理论概述新城市主义的主要思想基础是,通过分析社会发展现实中所存在的种种问题与城市决策、规划、设计之间的联系,而后通过改进城市决策、规划、设计去解决所存在的问题(新城市主义的理念与实践、理想与现实)。     

基于生态视野的和谐规划思考

为城市规划在构建社会主义和谐社会的地位和作用,从分析和谐社会与城市规划的关系入手,提出了和谐规划的思想,强调以人为本、可持续发展。简要并总结了西方生态主义城市规划的理论与实践,认为新城市主义、精明增长对和谐规划具有一定的借鉴意义。建设和谐城市,就要坚持和谐规划的思想,把人文关怀的精神和可持续发展的理念切实贯彻落实到城市规划实践之中。在制定城市规划过程中,要更加注重城乡统筹发展,更加注重区域协调发展,更加注重经济社会协调发展,更加注重人与自然和谐发展,更加注重规划的国际视野和战略眼光。和谐规划管理,必须充分体现规划在城乡发展、产业协调、资源分配等领域的法定指导地位,综合平衡和统筹调控城市空间布局和资源分配,以规划管理促和谐。和谐规划管理,必须坚持以人为本,必须保障社会公平正义,必须提高规划管理公共服务意识,必须体现真正有效的公众参与。要将和谐规划思想自觉贯穿于规划管理的全过程。     

新城市主义产生的背景与借鉴

通过对新城市主义思潮产生的社会、文化背景以及理论渊源的剖析,结合我国城市发展的现状,从城市化过程的视角,探讨了作为20世纪90年代以后的城市建设思潮——新城市主义对我国城市发展的借鉴意义。     

新城市建设中专项资金审计监管机制研究

我国财政专项资金的重要组成部分之一就是城市建设专项资金。随着新城市主义社区在国内的兴建，新城市建设中专项资金的审计监管也随之成为一个迫切需要完善的课题。笔者对新城市建设中专项资金审计监管机制存在的主要问题及原因进行了详细分析，并提出了完善新城市建设中专项资金审计监管的建议。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。