三江源国家公园生态旅游发展研究

青海三江源国家公园是我国生态文明建设体制下的具体实践,其优美的自然风光、丰富的旅游资源为发展生态旅游提供了得天独厚的条件。文章结合相关资料,从生态环境修复、当地居民参与度、旅游产业发展三个方面分析三江源国家公园所取得的生态旅游发展成效,并概括其在发展过程中存在的问题,进而提出相应的对策建议。     

如何实现生态旅游的持续性发展

在经济迅速的发展前提下,旅游已经成为人们放松身心,享受自然的体验过程的重要消费方式之一。伴随着旅游业的兴起,对旅游景区环境保护敲响了警钟,粗放型的旅游模式已经不能适应生态环境保护的要求,旅游与环境保护的矛盾日益突出。生态旅游模式应运而生,从本质上将这是一场对环境与旅游和谐发展的探讨。本文主要是对国内生态旅游发展现状及问题进行了分析,并提出解决生态旅游可持续性发展的具体路径,为我国旅游环境的可持续性发展提供参考性意见。     

如何发展社区生态旅游？－泰国Huay Hee村社区生态旅游（CBET）的经验

本文介绍了泰国Huay Hee村社区生态旅游CBET（Community-based Eco-tourism)发展的过程和现状,认为要成功地发展CBET应该具备以下条件：初期需要外界支持;逐步建立和完善村民的相关旅游组织;成立相应的旅游基金会,用于资源保护;各利益方要建立良好的合作关系,共同制定CBET产品发展计划;在CBET计划实施过程中要进行监测和评估。     

生态旅游管理的问题及创新路径研究

<正>生态旅游是以自然环境为基础,以实现可持续发展为目标的旅游形式,是一种顺应时代发展要求、符合科学发展观的绿色经济发展模式。在理论上,这一发展模式可以实现经济发展与环境保护的双赢。但在实际中,生态旅游的发展仍面临着一些问题。文章通过对我国生态旅游发展的现状进行分析,找出其中存在的问题,通过构建生态旅游管理机制,探究生态旅游管理的创新路径。     

旅游生态环境系统研究--生态旅游研究的基石

生态旅游作为一种环境协调型的旅游开发方式，已经得到广泛认同，但是在研究领域仍然停留在对表面现象的研究上，对旅游开发、生态旅游区生态系统的结构、生态内涵、生态多样性与稳定性、景观结构与功能的影响，以及旅游区生态系统与一般生态系统的差异性等科学问题的研究十分薄弱。随着旅游开发广度和深度的加大，     

生态旅游概念的研究

通过分析生态旅游的提出和国内外研究的现状,文章将现有生态旅游概念系统地归纳为5种学说,即\"保护中心说\"、\"居民利益中心说\"、\"回归自然说\"、\"负责任说\"、\"原始荒野说\",并分别进行了深入剖析.在此基础上,作者从生态旅游产生的背景、生态旅游的市场、生态旅游的资源、生态旅游者的动机和出游目的等角度,全面阐述了生态旅游的真实内涵,并提出了具有市场操作性的生态旅游概念.     

Does ecotourism contribute to sustainable destination development,or is it just a marketing hoax? Analyzing twenty-five years contested journey of ecotourism through a meta-analysis of tourism journal publications

ABSTRACT

Conducting a periodical systematic review on a given field of study enables to comprehend the conceptual development of a discipline. A decade has passed since the last in-depth systematic review on contemporary ecotourism research has been published. This study is, therefore, executed to systematically analyze ecotourism research articles published in the previous twenty-five years and thereby to reassess the past, understand the present and envisage the future of ecotourism development. 470 articles published in nine top-tier tourism journals are screened and analyzed. Thematic and summative content analyses are employed to examine the contents of each publication. The findings highlight that over the years, researchers have examined myriads of ecotourism research themes. Despite fluctuations over the years, the overall publication trend shows growth. Most ecotourism studies are conducted in developing countries, with Asia taking the lead followed by Africa and Latin America. However, in terms of researchers’ domicile, the USA becomes the first followed by Australia, the UK, and Canada. Despite modest successes, overall, the contribution of ecotourism towards sustainable destination development remains indiscernible. The current study provides up-to-date insight into the ecotourism literature by highlighting the main themes and trends of ecotourism research over the last twenty-five years. Research findings also enhance our understanding of the evolution of ecotourism research and ignite further study in ecotourism by suggesting issues that merit rigorous investigation.     

Tourism in Maasai communities: a chance to improve livelihoods?

This paper examines community-based tourism among Maasai communities in Tanzania in the context of national policies that have increasingly devolved control over natural resources to local communities. It focuses on economic revenues generated from tourism growth, their distribution to village communities and the constraints and conflicts resulting from attempts to control or access resources. Specific cases illustrate the political and economic complexity of devolved resource management and increased income generation at the community level. Ecotourism and community-based tourism are frequently claimed to be possible remedies for wildlife and natural resources conservation, but research indicates that implementation and revenue-sharing are far from straightforward. The paper uses case studies from communities in northern Tanzania, in Ngorongoro District (Loliondo and Lake Natron), Simanjiro District and Longido District (West Kilimanjaro) to explore issues between pastoralism, cultivation, hunting tourism, photographic tourism, conservation and governance systems. It discusses the implementation of the 1998 National Forestry and Wildlife Policies, the creation of Wildlife Management Areas and the 1999 Land Act and Village Land Act. Data and experiences were gathered over a three-year period working with the Sand County Foundation – Tanzania from 2006 to 2008. The paper contributes to the assessment and discussion of pro-poor tourism and poverty alleviation concepts.     

生态旅游及其局限性:基于营销视角的认识与思考

基于同世界旅游组织有关研究接轨的立场，本文讨论了生态旅游概念的规范化问题；在对此前有关认识进行重新思考的同时，从市场营销视角探讨一些新的认识层面。     

A Review of “Raj Rhapsodies: tourism,heritage and the seduction of history”

Many researchers have used stage-based and life cycle models to describe destination development and local residents’ changing reactions to tourism. Typically, they report that resident attitudes towards tourism, and its perceived outcomes for host populations, worsen with increasing experience and involvement in tourism. However, stage-based models traditionally focus on mature destinations in developed countries. In contrast, scholarship on ecotourism derives largely from developing countries and suggests that increased participation leads to more favourable outcomes and attitudes towards tourism. This paper breaks new ground by exploring attitudes to tourism in an emerging destination in a developing country and linking that exploration to a revised stage-based model. It uses ethnographic data to evaluate responses to recent tourism development in Nicaragua. While findings are complex and do not support a linear relationship between the level of experience in tourism and the attitudes of local residents, they do indicate a relationship between these two theoretical perspectives that can be used to inform one another. Notably, workers in tourism are more critical of the tourism industry than residents are. Important amendments to stage-based models are suggested that will assist tourism planners with the creation of more sustainable, community-centred development.     

国外大众旅游对海滨环境影响的研究进展

海滨旅游自19世纪开始兴起,兴起之初仅限于旅游地所在国家范围内,而从1950年到21世纪初,滚装渡船与廉价航空运输的引入,导致国际海滨旅游以指数化的方式增长.海滨旅游的发展促进了旅游地的经济发展与社会进步,同时也对旅游地的海滨环境造成了严重的,甚至是不可逆的影响.在广泛查阅相关文献的基础上,本文从6个方面对大众旅游对海滨环境的影响进行了述评:旅游的自我毁灭理论、基础设施的修建导致生境破碎化、游轮引致严重的生态损害、踩踏降低潮间带生物多样性、海滩清洁降低沙质海岸生物多样性和生态旅游的负面影响.     

Can ecotourism deliver real economic,social, and environmental benefits? A study of the Osa Peninsula,Costa Rica

Doubt persists about ecotourism's ability to make tangible contributions to conservation and deliver benefits for host communities. This work in Costa Rica's Osa Peninsula tests the hypothesis that ecotourism in this region is more effective at improving well-being for local residents, at enhancing their access to key resources and information, and at supporting biodiversity conservation than other locally available economic sectors. Data from 128 semi-structured interviews with local workers, both in ecotourism and in other occupations, together with associated research, indicate that ecotourism offers the best currently available employment opportunities, double the earnings of other livelihoods, and other linked benefits. Locally, ecotourism is viewed as the activity contributing most to improvements in residents’ quality of life in the Osa Peninsula and to increased levels of financial and attitudinal support for parks and environmental conservation. Ecolodge ownership by local people is substantial, and many local ecotourism workers plan to launch their own businesses. The data offer a convincing rebuttal to arguments that ecotourism does little to address poverty or disparities in access to resources and equally rebuts claims that ecotourism is simply a part of the “neoliberal conservation toolkit” that cannot help but exacerbate the very inequalities it purports to address.