社保基金投资组合的 定价效率和投资风险研究 基于股价同步性的实证检验

笔者利用2007年到2013年各个季度我国沪深两市A股交易数据,以股票价格收益率与沪深300指数收益率的同步性衡量股票的定价效率,通过实证模型分析社保基金投资对股票定价效率的影响。研究表明,当市场处于金融危机前后的牛市和熊市时,社保基金投资对股票定价效率无显著影响,当市场处于较平稳的阶段时,社保基金能显著提高股票的定价效率并降低了投资风险。这说明社保基金参与资本市场投资能提高我国资本市场的有效性。     

Investor sentiment and risk appetite of real estate security market

This article proposes a new model to measure the risk appetite in absence of option prices. Without options transaction, traditional measurements cannot be made. This article establishes a Risk Appetite (RA) indicator by way of change measure and simulation, with two density functions, i.e. risk-neutral density and historical density. The RA indicators use the data from the Property Composite Index (PCI) and the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index (SSECI). The empirical result shows that investors involved in the real estate security market have lower RA compared to those in the general security market. Particularly, RA indicators for both indices started to fall markedly in early 2008 and even more so after September 2008. The changes in RA suggest that the overall investors’ attitudes nowadays towards China's stock market are never as pessimistic as before.     

Long-term investment with stochastic interest and inflation rates: The need for inflation-indexed bonds

We examine the long term investment problem, under stochastic interest and inflation rates and within financial market incompleteness. Four basic financial assets are available on the financial market: a money market account (the cash), a real consumption good, a financial stock index and a bond with constant maturity. In this incomplete framework, we provide the general solution of the expected utility maximization. We compute the monetary loss from not having access to an inflation-indexed bond, in order to be hedged against the inflation risk. We show that this latter one usually reaches high levels (more than 1% per year). Thus, the magnitude of such costs reaches those of management fees or transaction costs. They highlight the significant value of introducing inflation-indexed bonds in the financial markets.     

Valuation of American CAC 40 index and wildcard options

American options traded on the CAC 40 index are cash settled. However, the stocks underlying the CAC 40 index are traded in a particular “forward” market. In this market, settlements take place periodically on a given date as in the UK. At that date, all transactions accomplished before are settled. The settlement procedure differs from that in countries where settlements appear as fixed number of business days after the transaction as in the US. The characteristics of the distributions to the index underlying stocks might justify a specific model for the valuation of these options. Besides, the organization of the Paris Bourse gives market participants the possibility to exercise their positions during the 45 min following the close of the stock exchange. They face each day as an exercise risk that must be accounted for. This article applies to existing models for the valuation of CAC 40 options, and this type of risk is identified as a wildcard option. This option is implicit in the values of index calls and puts. The magnitude of wildcard options in a multiperiod setting is studied empirically using a new dataset by adapting the model in Fleming and Whaley [J. Finance XLIX (1994) 215.] to the French market.     

Economic Synthesis: A Review of the Work of Boris Ischboldin

Current research on efficiency wages and transaction costs utilizes models of economic behavior that require a theory of market institutions. Yet the institutional structure of market exchange appears at odds with the neoclassical theory of markets under perfect competition. Both Samuel Bowles/Herbert Gintis and David Levine recognize this as a problem for traditional economic theory. Bowles and Gintis suggest that market power is a prerequisite for the effective utilization of resources within the capitalist enterprise. Levine identifies market exchange with the need for individuals to define for themselves a distinct way of life in order to secure the recognition of others and preserve the integrity of the self. The middle ground between a theory of market power and individual personality formation lies in the inherent social relations governing market exchange. By exploring this middle ground, market exchange can be presented as a set of communicative practices through which individual needs are shaped and power is either challenged or maintained.     

Spatial competition with intermediated matching

This paper studies a two-sided market where the one type of agents needs the service of a middleman or matchmaker in order to be matched with the other type. The matchmakers compete for agents of both types by means of commission fees. In addition to the fee, the agents also lose a certain transaction cost in case of a match, which may differ among agents. Furthermore, agents have a limited willingness to pay for the service provided by the matchmakers. In certain cases the matchmakers are willing to subsidize one side of the market. Then one of the types of agents is free-riding.     

论国际证券交易所的产业组织特性

随着功能演进 ,国际证券交易所的市场结构基本上是垄断与竞争并存 ,近年来竞争的因素日趋增强 ,这一趋势可归结为技术进步下交易所规模经济性的强化和进入壁垒的松动。市场结构决定了在国际市场上交易所越来越通过整合、差别化竞争与业间合作等手段提高对市场的控制能力 ,并通过交易成本的降低对市场运作效率产生根本的影响。在这一认识下 ,本文对我国证券交易所的发展战略提出了政策建议     

浅析网上无形市场与传统专业市场的替代性与互补性

网上无形市场和传统专业市场的互替与互补取决于交易主体的理性选择。买卖双方会通过对网上交易的内生交易成本与两种市场交易方式的外生交易成本进行博弈比较来选择最优的流通方式,从而使不同交易制度间呈现出互替与互补状态。网上交易的内生交易成本量则由当该内生交易成本和降低其发生所造成的外生交易成本这两者的总和达到最低时的资源配置量所决定。     

Calibration of implied volatility for the exchange rate for the Chinese Yuan from its derivatives

Revised implied volatility curves and surfaces for the Chinese Yuan (CNY) exchange rate are obtained from market quotations for CNY non-deliverable options by solving an inverse problem of foreign exchange option pricing, which is calculated using a regularization approach in an optimal control framework. To take account of the market expectation for the CNY exchange rate, a stochastic adjusted factor is applied that follows a Vasicek model with parameters fitted from market quotations for CNY non-deliverable forwards. A well-posed numerical scheme is implemented.     

替代、互补及互嵌:企业与市场关系的新考察

在现实世界中,企业市场关系呈现出替代、互补及互嵌等多种特征,使得单一的“替代”说或“互补”论均缺乏足够的解释力。本文从交易费用角度将交易关系分为三种类型并指出企业和市场谁更有利于交易费用的节约,主要取决于交易品的特征以及交易本身的具体职能。企业其实是一种通过非人力资本和人力资本、人力资本和人力资本间相互交易以实现生产功能的特殊履约机制。这样就不难理解,只有部分交易可以通过企业与市场间的相互替代来提高效率,而更多的交易则须通过改善企业内部管理或改进市场制度本身来提高其效率。     

货币契约、金融功能与经济发展

本文从交换的角度出发,认为货币是一种为了节约交易费用而设计的载有对社会资源支配权的契约。契约的目的是保障货币作为一种有效率的交换媒介,从而降低交易成本。从契约这一视角理解货币可以发现金融系统有三项重要功能:组织社会资源进行生产、调节消费与投资的比例和风险管理。笔者基于金融系统对消费投资比例的调节功能,通过构建模型说明,发展中国家可以通过完善市场机制和金融系统功能,借助市场的力量实现投资与消费的最优比例,从而使经济得到最优的发展。     

Entry cost, the Tobin tax, and noise trading in the foreign exchange market

Abstract .  Two types of policy have been proposed to eliminate noise trading in the foreign exchange market: increasing the entry cost or imposing a 'Tobin tax' type of transaction tax. In this paper, we endogenize entry decisions of both informed traders and noise traders and show that these policies may be ineffective in reducing exchange rate volatility. This is because these policies will discourage the entry of all traders, so they may not change the relative ratio of traders, or they may affect informed traders disproportionately more, which increases the relative ratio of noise traders and exchange rate volatility.     

论巨灾期权及其演进

巨灾期权是以巨灾损失指数为基础而设计的期权合同,是保险公司通过在期权市场上缴纳一定期权费以购买在未来一段时间内的一种价格选择权。本文旨在对巨灾期权及其演进进行系统考察,以期对其有更为全面的认识。本文回顾了巨灾期权的市场发展;分析了ISO,PCS,GCCI和CHI四种指数为基础的巨灾期权产品和运作原理,考察了这四种巨灾指数及其产品的演进。     

A note on the measurement of the slowdown in total factor productivity

Investigation of foreign exchange control generally focuses on the black market in currencies and the resultant welfare loss to the country under exchange control. But very little attempt has been made to formulate the internal income transfer from foreign exchange earners who choose not to resort to black market, to importers who receive the foreign exchange at less than free market rate. This paper quantifies such measures of income transfer as importer's cost savings, exporter's income transfer, and the transaction cost loss of the market. A case study is developed using the 1951–74 export figures of the state of Kerala in India, showing that the exchange-earning pure or net exporter pays a hidden subsidy to the exchange-consuming importer; and by extension, an exchange-earning agricultural region of a less developed country subsidizes the import-consuming industrial sector of that country.     

Asymptotic methods for asset market equilibrium analysis

Summary. General equilibrium analysis is difficult when asset markets are incomplete. We make the simplifying assumption that uncertainty is small and use bifurcation methods to compute Taylor series approximations for asset demand and asset market equilibrium. A computer must be used to derive these approximations since they involve large amounts of algebraic manipulation. We use this method to analyze the allocative and welfare effects of introducing a new security. We find that adding any nontrivial derivative security will raise the price of the risky security relative to the bond when risks are small. Received: April 1, 2000; revised version: January 10, 2001     

城市间技术交易网络结构与空间特征

基于2011-2015年我国287个地级及以上城市电子信息产业联合申请专利数据，运用社会网络分析方法和GIS空间分析方法，研究我国地级市核心城市之间、城市群内部以及城市群之间技术交易网络结构和空间特征。结果表明，我国电子信息产业技术交易市场发展不平衡，核心城市之间、城市群区域内部技术交易存在结构性差异，跨区域、跨企业、跨机构交易存在壁垒。     

The Economic Efficiency of Policy Reform and Partial Market Liberalization under Transaction Costs

The article presents an integrated analysis of the effects of domestic and trade policy reform on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. It develops a general multiagent, multicommodity model, where transaction costs are the costs of resources used in the exchange process. The influence of domestic and trade policy (including both price and quantity instruments) on distorted market equilibrium is analysed. Alternative concepts of distorted equilibrium are presented and investigated. They provide a basis for evaluating the effects of multilateral partial market liberalization on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. New conditions are derived under which multilateral policy reforms generate Pareto improvements.     

Exchange Rate Passthrough to Export Prices: Assessing Cross‐Country Evidence*

A growing empirical literature reports evidence of a decline in exchange rate passthrough to import prices in a number of industrial countries. Our paper complements this literature by examining passthrough from the other side of the transaction; that is, we assess the exchange rate sensitivity of export prices (denominated in the exporter's currency). We find that the prices charged on exports to the United States are more responsive to the exchange rate than are export prices to other destinations, which is consistent with results in the literature that import price passthrough in the US market is relatively low. In addition, the exchange rate sensitivity of export prices over time has been significantly affected by country‐ and region‐specific factors, including the Asian financial crisis (for emerging Asia), deepening integration with the United States (for Canada), and the effects of the 1992 ERM crisis (for the United Kingdom).     

Rolling settlement and market liquidity

This paper investigates the impact on UK stock and option markets of the change from an account based settlement system to a rolling settlement procedure. Such a change increases the transaction costs of short-term margin traders, and is likely to impact on the liquidity of the underlying market, as well as trading in the options market. Evidence is presented that the settlement procedure does impact on the liquidity of the market. Further, we find that rolling settlement increased market liquidity, consistent with the exit of margin traders as a result of the increase in short selling costs. Associated with this increase in liquidity is a significant reduction in nonoptionable stock trading volume, implying that margin trading may have been more prevalent in stocks without options. Finally, it is shown that while trading in stock options increased, the volatilities implied from call and put option prices indicate that put options have become relatively more expensive. This reflects the change in demand induced by the new settlement procedure, especially in terms of the increase in short selling costs.