消费者促销预期研究述评与展望

促销是商家吸引和促使消费者进行大量购买的惯用手段,但频繁的促销会导致消费者促销预期的形成,这种心理预期一旦形成,就会严重削弱正在进行的促销活动的吸引力,减少消费者对目标促销产品的购买数量,甚至令消费者转向其他品牌或者推迟当前购买,从而产生令商家非常棘手的促销遇冷现象。本文围绕促销预期的概念、理论基础、形成机理、作用结果和治理对策等问题,梳理了相关研究成果,并在此基础上对未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为理论研究的深化和营销实践中相关问题的解决提供多种视角。     

浅谈商场促销手段中的会计处理

销售是企业经营管理中一个不可或缺的重用内容。促销为各商场实现销售扩大,增加提高销售额,增加收入的一个有效方式。因此,各大商场每逢节假日均有通过各种各样的促销方式和手段来进行商品销售。文章主要对商场运营过程中应用较为普遍的促销手段相应的会计处理进行探讨,旨在为商家进行促销方案的选择和相关收益的核算提高可靠参考依据。     

商家促销面面观

近年来不少商场为扩大销售多做生意,想出了好多吸引消费者的促销手段,可谓是五花八门,令人叹为观止。其中不少招数确实高明,当然出有一些却不那么聪明,消费者对此颇有微词。然而,事情往往存正反两面,如果换一种角度考虑,或许对我们都有帮助。为此记者目前采访了一些消费者和厂商,请他们谈谈对商家促销手段的看法,他们的话或许对商家有些启发。     

“双十一”商家的促销策略研究

本文从商家的销售策略角度进行研究,尤其是电子商务平台上的商家进行研究,对消费者市场进行市场细分根据消费者的购买能力和购买特点进行分析,以提出较为适合商家,尤其是电子商务平台上经营的商家,能够帮助他们得到消费者认可并且改变消费者购买行为的促销策略方法。     

破解超市促销密码

营销就是让消费者买不需要的东西．促销就是让消费者超量购买。即使再精明的消费者，也难免会中招．买一大堆用不着的东西．而如何识破商家的促销密码．做一个聪明的消费者．是现代人们所必备的一项基本生存技能。     

废旧手机电池回收现状和建议

目前我国正处于手机高速发展的时期,据工业和信息化部2006年11月份的最新统计,国内的移动电话用户已达4.32亿。我国已发展成为世界第一大手机生产和消费国。随着高新技术的发展和应用,人们对手机外观、功能的要求也在不断提高,因此进一步的缩短了手机更新的周期。淘汰的手机产生了大量废旧电池,为了克服手机电池对环境引起的污染,本文阐述了废旧手机电池的危害、废旧手机电池回收利用的价值和意义,综述了国内外废旧手机电池回收利用的状况及其回收利用技术的发展,并展望了废旧手机电池回收利用的前景。     

手机电池爆炸不断为什么

屡屡曝光的手机电池爆炸事件给许多厂商带来尴尬，继诺基亚召回4600万块手机电池后，三星手机日前又发生了爆炸事件。而今年6月，摩托罗拉的一款手机也发生爆炸事件，并导致手机用户死亡。究竟是何种原因导致手机电池安全问题频频发生？业内分析师指出，电池质量已成为手机发展的一道瓶颈。[编者按]     

中关村电子卖场谋转型

e世界,甚或是中关村电子卖场的末路究竟是个案,还是趋势?人们的说法不一而足。日前,"七个博士竟然没搞定一个商户"的报道十分引人关注。事情的起由是这样的,在读博士李先生在中关村鼎好电子商城内某商家处花6400元购买了某品牌的笔记本电脑,可回家一查发现该款电脑在网上的报价竟然只有3199元。第二天,他和6名博士好友一起找商家理论,要求退货,但商家只同意退回4900元,被扣的1000多元是店家要求的折旧费和损失费。这篇报道要表达的,大约是,在中关村这种地方,即便是博士也无法     

“印花公司”

好奇怪的名字啊！不仅名字奇怪,其开展的业务也十分新颖。这是一种专门 为百货公司做商品促销工作的广告公 司,其推销商品的方法是一条全新的消 费程式:即顾客在指定的百货公司购买 某一种类商品,得到若干“印花”(注; 获得赠品的凭证),当“印花”集存到一 定数额,便可到印花公司所设的点领取 赠品。 过去,香港的“印花”酬宾大赠送, 都是由百货公司或百货供应商来搞,多 数是为了吸引顾客购买某一类商品,先 给顾客一点“着数”(注,甜头),来引起顾客的购买欲。可这一招现在不灵了,因为顾客再也看不起那“买一送一”的小恩小惠。于是,聪明的广告商开始包揽起这些“小恩小惠”推出了具专业水     

乌鲁木齐市工商行政管理局消费警示——2004年第四号消费警示

购物打折莫花眼 七大陷阱需提防 目前,服装的换季季节到了,随着商场打折、促销活动的增多,有关虚假打折的投诉也在增加。前不久,一消费者在一家商场购买了一条裙子,上面竟然有3个标价!在各种各样的打折促销方式中,究竟暗藏多少让消费者吃亏上当的陷阱?消费者在购买打折商品时需要注意什么?乌鲁木齐市消费者协会根据所受理的投诉特发出2004年第4号消费警示购物打折莫花眼、七大陷阱需提防。     

Estimating sectoral product quality under quality heterogeneity

This paper estimates product quality at the sectoral level using data from a panel of twelve manufacturing sectors in nineteen OECD countries during the years 1995–2006. The author first derives a gravity model from a firm-heterogeneity model of trade, then measures product quality as the residual of the gravity model. In estimating the gravity model, the author employs the two-step procedure of Helpman et al. (Q J Econ 123(2):441–487, 2008) to correct for biases caused by selection in trade and firm heterogeneity. When aggregated into the country level, the used overall quality metrics do not systematically differ from Hallak and Schott’s (Q J Econ 126(1):417–474, 2011). In line with existing literature, sectoral quality estimates are found positively correlated with sectoral unit prices as well as countries’ income per capita. And the quality gap between rich and poor countries is more pronounced in capital- and skill-intensive sectors. In addition, the autor finds beta- and sigma-convergence in sectoral product quality across countries.     

Joint product signals of quality

Summary The relationship between product quality, signals, and the firm's optimal pricing policy has been given much attention in economics. The literature is extended in this paper by considering the signaling problem of a firm that jointly produces two commodities—one of known quality to consumers (a search good) and one of unknown quality (an experience good). The model presented employs a stylized reputation function, a linear cost structure, and linear demand schedules to produce two interesting insights. First, the search good's price can potentially be used as a signal of the quality of the experience good. Second, the price of a search good will depend upon whether it is jointly produced with another search good or an experience good or whether it is produced in isolation by a single product firm. Furthermore, evidence from a paper on gasoline pricing seems to support this contention.     

Digital product imports and export product quality: Firm-level evidence from China

Based on the Statistical Classification of the Digital Economy and Its Core Industries (2021) released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China and the information and communications technology products released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to construct a digital product catalog manually, this paper analyzes the impact of digital product imports on Chinese firms' export product quality using a combined data set of the Annual Survey of Industrial Production and China Custom Records from 2000 to 2013. The results show that digital product imports have a significant positive effect on a firm's export product quality. To address potential endogeneity, this paper uses a series of instrumental variables (IVs) and constructs a multi-timing difference-in-differences model using the firm's first digital product import as exogenous shock, and finds strong supporting evidence. Digital product imports improve the quality of export products through three mechanisms: technology spillovers, productivity, and information-searching capabilities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that digital product imports have greater impacts on foreign-owned and capital-intensive firms, and digital intermediate imports play a bigger role than do digital non-intermediate imports. The results of this paper have important implications for developing countries that wish to improve the quality of exports through digital trade.     

Cyclically oscillating product quality: A simple model of the product life cycle

This paper presents a dynamic model of the firm, where the firm can exert influence on demand by setting the price and by controlling the quality index. Assuming profit maximization, it is shown by means of the Hopf Bifurcation theorem that persistent oscillations of the variables may occur if there is positive growth at the steady state together with a high discount rate. Oscillations may also occur if the influence of an additional unit of the quality index on demand and price is sufficiently large, thus yielding a special version of the product life cycle. A numerical example is used in order to illustrate the results derived in the general framework. Valuable comments from an anonymous referee are gratefully acknowledged.     

论我国产品质量责任的完善

产品质量关系到人们生命财产安全、产品出口、经济发展、国家形象,目前我国的产品质量状况远不能适应形势发展和市场变化的需要,究其主要原因是由于我国的产品质量责任太轻、范围太窄、内容不明确。完善产品质量责任应从扩大产品质量责任主体的范围、规定惩罚性赔偿条款和召回制度、设置问责机制等方面入手。     

谈“假冒伪劣商品”的暴利与风险

一、从“阜阳劣质奶粉”事件谈起 阜阳劣质奶粉事件震动了全国，由此也引起人们对假冒伪劣商品的重新关注。本次事件不得不让我们注意到一个新问题：假冒伪劣商品对农村消费群体的危害十分严重。事实上，近些年来，许多地方的农村市场成为假冒伪劣商品的倾销地。这些假冒伪劣商品中相当一部分就是与人们的健康密切相关的食品，甚至是人命关天的药品。而农民则开始成为了假冒伪劣商品的基本消费者和主要的受害者．     

由CER产品性质探究我国碳交易发展

低碳经济作为世界经济发展的新方向,越来越受到人们关注。中国作为目前世界上最大的CDM供应方,碳交易市场潜力巨大。本文通过对于CDM交易中CER产品的价值、价格、风险分析,针对我国碳交易发展,提出加强赤道银行建设、增强产品异质性、提高议价能力、摆脱产业链下游地位、开创衍生品市场等对策,其根本目的是加快研发环保减排技术、提高国民节能环保意识、增强我国在国际市场上的话语权。     

提高产品质量是扩大内需的基础性工作

产品质量低劣使消费者缺乏对国货的认同力,妨碍企业特别是个体户的正常经营,加大消费者的购物成本,降低农民购买力,增强人们的不确定性和消费支出预期,抬升企业生产经营成本,抑制财政政策发挥效益,是制约我国扩大内需的重大因素。应通过充分利用科学技术,实行严格的质量检测标准和产品检验制度,强调职工的敬业精神,认真执行《消费者权益保护法》,提高人们的质量意识等措施,进一步提高产品质量。     

On the measurement of product quality in intra-industry trade: An empirical test for China

A relatively recent development in the intra-industry trade (IIT) literature is the measurement of the simultaneous import and export of quality-differentiated products, commonly known as vertical and horizontal IIT. A recent paper from Azhar and Elliott [Azhar, A. K. M. & Elliott, R. J. R. (2006), On the Measurement of Product Quality in Intra-Industry Trade, Review of World Economics, Vol 142 no 3, pp 476–495] analyses various approaches for disentangling vertical and horizontal IIT and suggests a complementary methodology. To investigate the robustness and sensitivity of the existing approaches we examine data on the nature of trade flows between China and its East Asian neighbours and show that in 2002 China tended to export low quality versions of its manufactured goods to Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines.