公司价值理论与股票定价

经济金融化使现代公司财务理论从以往的边缘地位逐步朝着金融经济学的核心与主流方向发展。公司价值理论作为现代公司财务伯重要组成部分已日臻完善和成熟。我国长期对公司价值理论研究的忽视，不仅是企业落后的深层原因，而且也是影响市场发展重要因素之一，因为股票价值与公司价值直接相关，忽视公司价值而形成的股票价格不仅是不合理的，而且会对股票市场产生不良影响。     

化工类国有企业财务定价策略分析

销售价格是实现产品利润和扩大销售的关键因素,财务作为国有企业重要的内部控制部门,理应在制定公司产品的定价策略中发挥重要作用。本文选择化工类国有企业产品作为研究对象,通过总结其特征及价格规律,旨在为化工产品定价提供参考。     

化工类国有企业财务定价策略分析

销售价格是实现产品利润和扩大销售的关键因素,财务作为国有企业重要的内部控制部门,理应在制定公司产品的定价策略中发挥重要作用。本文选择化工类国有企业产品作为研究对象,通过总结其特征及价格规律,旨在为化工产品定价提供参考。     

IPO定价方式孰优孰劣

IPO最核心的工作就是首次对公司股份这种金融商品定价,IPO定价也是国际金融界公认的最具迷惑性的难题之一。在IPO定价过程中,首先需要承销商根据发行人的财务信息进行公司估值,由此得到一个公司估值区间,可以将此看作是IPO定价中的供给信息,而市场投资者对此供给信息有怎样的看法即需求信息的发掘,则是通过不同的定价方式来体现的。     

理念成就结果

财务不仅仅是利润的管理者，更是利润的创造者，公司价值的提升者[编者按]     

我国寿险公司价值评估与其股票定价

早在国内一些保险公司酝酿上市时，如何定价就成为困扰公司的难题，传统的市盈率法可能低估了公司的真实价值，而运用精算评估方法在确定公司价值和IPO价格又难以得到投资者认同。中国人寿回归A股市场时，市盈率高达94倍，上市后其市盈率更是飙升到200倍，同时A股相对H股产生了巨大的溢价，     

资产定价原理及其在房产定价中的应用

自今年实行宏观调控以来，上海房地产价格走势开始变得扑朔迷离，具体表现在房价滞胀，成交萎缩，房地产市场同时充斥着极度乐观和极度悲观的情绪，“房价崩溃论”和“房价只涨不跌论”操纵着房产市场交易双方的买卖心理，价格走势变得极为敏感和不确定。上海的房地产市场不再是铁板一块，怀疑声和悲观情绪的蔓延正把上海房市推入一个供需可以瞬间逆转的敏感期。那么，上海的房产价格究竟会走向何方呢?     

顾客感知价值对网络信息产品定价的影响研究

网络经济和信息技术的发展使顾客感知价值逐渐成为影响企业生存的核心因素.由于网络信息产品自身的特性及定价因素的复杂程度,使得网络信息产品定价灵活多变,而顾客感知价值又是影响消费者购买行为的关键因素.为此,从网络信息产品市场结构分析入手,以消费者支付意愿为桥梁,构建顾客感知价值的利润函数模型,通过对垄断市场结构下单一定价和歧视定价策略的对比分析,为网络信息产品厂商在市场竞争中制定和选择有效的定价策略提供理论参考和依据.     

股票市场定价有效性与股东价值最大化实践

问题提出 自现代公司财务理论创建以来,所有的公司财务教科书开宗明义都写着"公司经营的财务目标是股东价值最大化".     

公司治理与高管薪酬激励机制

在现代市场经济条件下,公司所有权与经营权两权分离是公司治理产生和发展的基本前提,因此对公司的高层管理者设定有效的薪酬激励显得尤为重要。本文通过研究高管薪酬体系的构成及各个部分的重要性,以及美国和中国上市公司高管薪酬激励机制的比较,发现我国的薪酬体系还存在很多有待完善的地方,并据此提出改进意见。     

Transfer Pricing as a Strategic Device for Decentralized Multinationals

A multinational firm sets the price that applies tointra-firm trade between the firm's affiliates at a central level,but delegates decisions about national prices (or quantities)to national affiliates. When these affiliates encounter competitionit is shown that delegation of authority and the nature of competitionchanges the role of the transfer price; it now becomes both atax saving and a strategic device. Comparative static resultsdevelop transfer pricing policies for affiliates encounteringCournot as well as Bertrand competition.     

A Strategic Asset Pricing Model for Relative Performance Concern

We propose a strategic asset pricing model for the relative performance concern with heterogeneous beliefs in the framework of Nash equilibrium. In our model, the presence of heterogeneous beliefs generates the upward pressure on the stock market volatility and gives rise to the separation of agents’ perceived Sharpe ratios. We show that if one of the agents temporarily wins the market, the presence of relative performance concern will reduce the impacts of the winner and make the investors who have been edged out of the market more inclined to return. Besides, the sufficiently strong concern of relative performance will bring investors the extreme aversion to losing and get them to trade similarly.     

Pricing Weather Derivatives Using the Indifference Pricing Approach

Abstract

This paper adopts an incomplete market pricing model–the indifference pricing approach–to analyze valuation of weather derivatives and the viability of the weather derivatives market in a hedging context. It incorporates price risk, weather/quantity risk, and other risks in the financial market. In a mean-variance framework, the relationship between the actuarial price and the indifference price of weather derivatives is analyzed, and conditions are obtained concerning when the actuarial price does not provide an appropriate valuation for weather derivatives. Conditions for the viability of the weather derivatives market are examined. This paper also analyzes the effects of partial hedging, natural hedges, basis risk, quantity risk, and price risk on investors’ indifference prices by examining the distributional impacts of the stochastic variables involved.     

最大化你的定价权

根据最新的一项全球调研表明,只有35%的公司认为它们有足够的定价权来保证其产品能获得合适的定价;其余65%的公司认为它们没有将其产品定价到应该的高度,这意味着它们不得不接受利润缩水25%的现实。那些不具定价权的公司往往将责任推卸到外部因素,如激进的竞争对手和严苛的客户。但是,根据该调     

存款保险定价研究:期权定价法和预期损失定价法的进展

合理的存款保险定价可有效减少道德风险和逆向选择问题。本文梳理了国内外关于存款保险定价的两种主要方法——期权定价法和预期损失定价法及其最新发展情况。期权定价法的核心是将存款保险看作存款保险机构以银行资产为标的发行的一份看跌期权,之后学者从股利发放、监管宽容、系统性风险等多个角度进行拓展。预期损失定价法主要根据边际损失与边际保费收入相等来进行保费厘定,以探寻如何通过更科学的方法更精确地测量银行的预期损失。此外,本文讨论了存款保险定价方法对我国的启示。     

Option Pricing Bounds and the Elasticity of the Pricing Kernel

In this paper we use power functions as pricing kernels to derive option-pricing bounds. We derive option pricing bounds given the bounds of the elasticity of the true pricing kernel. The bounds of the elasticity of the true pricing kernel are closely related to the bounds of the representative investor's coefficient of relative risk aversion. This methodology produces a tighter upper call option bound than traditional approaches. As a special case we show how to use the Black–Scholes formula to obtain option pricing bounds under the assumption of lognormality.     

Semi-analytical MBS Pricing

This paper presents a multi-factor valuation model for fixed-rate callable mortgage backed securities (MBS). The model yields semi-analytic solutions for the value of MBS in the sense that the MBS value is found by solving a system of ordinary differential equations. Instead of modelling the conditional prepayment rate (CPR), as is customary, the pool size is the primary modelling object. It is shown that the value of a single MBS payment due at time t _n can be found by computing two expectations of the pool size at time t _n–1 and t _n respectively. This is a general result independent of any interest rate model. However, if the pool size is specified in a way that makes the expectations solvable using transform methods, semi-analytic pricing formulas are achieved. The affine and quadratic pricing frameworks are combined to get flexible and sophisticated prepayment functions. We show that the model has no problem of generating negative convexity as the spot rate falls, and still be close to a similar non-callable bond when the spot rate rises.     

Pricing growth-indexed bonds

Growth-indexed bonds have been suggested as a way of reducing the procyclicality of emerging-market countries’ fiscal policies and the likelihood of costly debt crises. Investor attitude surveys suggest that pricing difficulties are seen as a considerable obstacle. In an effort to reduce such concerns, this article presents a simple way of pricing growth-indexed bonds. As a pleasant by-product, the analysis tracks the quantitative implications of an increase in the share of growth-indexed bonds in total debt, measuring the ensuing decline in the probability of default and the reduction in the spreads at which standard bonds can be issued.     

Pricing growth-rate risk

We characterize the compensation demanded by investors in equilibrium for incremental exposure to growth-rate risk. Given an underlying Markov diffusion that governs the state variables in the economy, the economic model implies a stochastic discount factor process S. We also consider a reference growth process G that may represent the growth in the payoff of a single asset or of the macroeconomy. Both S and G are modeled conveniently as multiplicative functionals of a multidimensional Brownian motion. We consider the pricing implications of parametrized family of growth processes G ^ε , with G ⁰=G, as ε is made small. This parametrization defines a direction of growth-rate risk exposure that is priced using the stochastic discount factor S. By changing the investment horizon, we trace a term structure of risk prices that shows how the valuation of risky cash flows depends on the investment horizon. Using methods of Hansen and Scheinkman (Econometrica 77:177–234, 2009), we characterize the limiting behavior of the risk prices as the investment horizon is made arbitrarily long.