Developments in human resource management in manufacturing in modern Britain

In this paper, developments in human resource management in manufacturing in modern Britain based on a national sample are examined. The organization and role of human resource management, employee involvement, training and development, work practices and rewards are all targeted for an assessment of current practices. This is a prelude for a contrast between manufacturing and non-manufacturing. The conclusion is that the similarities between manufacturing and non-manufacturing substantially outweigh the differences. By inference, too, developments in human resource management practices are likely to reflect changes in the broader environment of businesses (and differences between companies) rather than being specific to the main industrial sectors.     

关于高职院校数学教学中开放题的有关问题初探

本文着重于讲解在高职院校数学教学中常出现的几种开放题,对它们的解法加以研究,归纳其一般思路、解法及其解答技巧,希望能有助于今后高职院校数学教学研究活动,供参考之用。     

Errors in variables in panel data

Panel data based studies in econometrics use the analysis of covariance approach to control for various ‘individual effects’ by estimating coefficients from the ‘within’ dimension of the data. Often, however, the results are unsatisfactory, with ‘too low’ and insignificant coefficients. Errors of measurement in the independent variables whose relative importance gets magnified in the within dimension are then blamed for this outcome.Errors-in-variables models have not been used widely, in part because they seem to require extraneous information to be identified. We show how a variety of errors-in-variables models may be identifiable and estimable in panel data without the use of external instruments and apply it to a relatively simple but not uninteresting case: the estimation of ‘labor demand’ relationships, also known as the ‘short-run increasing returns to scale’ puzzle.     

Mediation in industrial disputes in Britain

This article presents an overview of mediation in industrial disputes, and examines the British experience of using this form of third-party intervention since the establishment of the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service in 1974. The Author concludes that there is scope for the development of mediation in dealing with particular types of industrial disputes.     

我国电子商务物流模式及选择因素探析

通过分析我国电子商务物流的现状,对当前我国电子商务发展可以选择的物流模式进行分析,最后提出我国电子商务企业进行物流模式选择时所需考虑的因素,以期为我国电子商务企业的发展提供参考。     

坚持以人为本是企业管理之道

随着科学技术的迅速发展，现代企业管理较之过去发生了巨大变化，能不能坚持以人为本的管理，关系到企业能否搞好经营活动，关系到现代企业制度能否顺利建成。     

浅析我国在施工阶段BIM应用中的存在问题及对策

BIM的出现为建设行业的信息化带来了新的发展,其在施工阶段的应用在减少成本、缩短工期、保证质量等方面都发挥着不可小觑的作用,可大大提高建设工程项目的价值。我国建设行业虽然逐渐认识到了BIM的价值,也致力于发展BIM,但是由于发展初期的各种原因,BIM在建设施工阶段的应用存在各种问题,这些问题使得BIM在施工阶段的应用价值不能得到很好的体现,严重阻碍了BIM在施工阶段的应用发展。本文基于我国在建设施工阶段的BIM应用情况,分析了建设施工阶段BIM应用中存在的一些问题,并提出了一些解决的方向。     

Tackling age discrimination in employment in Singapore

In a country with an ageing work-force, a decline in the number of new entrants to the labour market and an acute labour shortage, it would be reasonable to assume that employers would encourage older workers to remain in employment for as long as possible. In the case of Singapore, however, private sector employers often retired employees at age 55 and hired younger workers in their place. In many cases older workers re-hired had to accept lower pay and lower grade jobs. In an attempt to tackle this sort of age discrimination in employment, the government passed the Retirement Age Act in 1993. Prior to its enactment, the government urged employers to raise the retirement age voluntarily, but the response was poor, especially in the non-unionized sector. This paper argues that employers resisted the extension of the retirement age because they perceived older workers in stereotypical terms. The main issues which gave rise to the Retirement Age legislation are discussed. So also is the possible impact of the legislation on some HRM practices. The paper also proposes some future directions for research on older workers in Singapore.     

南京市人口空间变动分析

在1990年到2000年的两次全国人口普查期间,我国的一些大城市已经出现了明显的郊区化现象,某些城市的中心区人口明显减少而近郊区人口迅速增加.与此相比,南京市主城区的人口规模尚未整体下降,但从微观层面来看,中心区的一些街道的人口已经开始减少,而人口增长最快的街区也主要集中在距离中心点5-10 km的近郊地区.     

Variation in productive efficiency in French workers' cooperatives

In this study, we explore the distribution of productive efficiency among workers' cooperatives operating in each of four sectors of French manufacturing. We use stochastic frontier panel data techniques to estimate production relationships in each sector, and to decompose output variation into input variation, variation in the effects of two indicators of the degree of worker participation in management, variation in productive efficiency, and an unexplained residual. In all four sectors we find that conventionally measured capital and labor inputs make a significant contribution to productivity. In only one sector do participation indicators contribute significantly. Variation in productive efficiency contributes significantly in all four sectors.Earlier versions of this article were presented at the ORSA/TIMS Joint National Meeting in Philadelphia, PA, October 1990, and at the Allied Social Science Associations meetings in Washington, DC, December 1990. Helpful comments from discusants at both meetings, and from two good referees, are gratefuly acknowledged, as is financial support of AUPELF and the UNC University Research Council.     

高职院校物流管理专业校企合作中存在问题与对策研究

通过对高职物流专业在校企合作中的外部保障、内部共同需求以及合作机制的分析,提出了校企深度合作模式下合作办学、合作育人、合作就业、合作发展的一些具体措施,以实现物流专业校企合作中的共赢。     

Training in the new private sector in Russia

The growth of the new private sector in Russia has been associated with the expansion of trade and services, requiring a labour force with different occupational and skill characteristics from those of the Soviet economy. This paper reports on the first research ever undertaken on training practices in the new private sector in Russia. The analysis is based on forty case studies of new private enterprises and a large-scale household survey in four relatively prosperous Russian cities carried out in the first half of 1998. The paper shows that the old system of vocational retraining has largely collapsed, but very little has arisen to take its place. The majority of new private employers make little provision for the training of their employees, relying heavily on training provided by previous state employers or on the motivation of their own employees or prospective employees to undertake training on their own initiative, at their own expense and in their own time. At the same time, the availability of appropriate training is limited and it is extremely expensive in relation to the resources available to new private employers. Nevertheless, those who undertake training experience significant increases in earnings.     

Technologies in transition,policies in transition: foresight in the risk society

The emergence of formal Foresight programmes in science policy across Europe is examined in terms of government's response to the changes in, and especially the uncertainties of, contemporary innovation. The paper explores this through deploying Beck's notion of the “risk society”, asking how far Foresight can be construed as the management of new technologies by the transition towards the “negotiation state”. It shows how, through a discussion of the social management of new health technologies, a tension arises between the priorities and regimes of the new “negotiation” and those of the former “provident” (or welfare) state. The emergence of new technologies will be shaped by the institutional assumptions and processes operating within the different policy regimes.     

Trends in local government in Europe

Abstract

The article explores which reform trends are expected to play a significant role in the further development of local government in European countries. Analysis is based on an adopted Delphi survey of (mainly academic) local government experts from thirty-two countries. Results include a list of trends structured by the perceived importance for the coming ten years. Redistributing responsibilities and duties across levels of government constitute the highest ratings out of all trends. Furthermore, results do not provide clear evidence to support a shift from public management to governance as has recently been proclaimed in academic debate and literature. Management topics continue to be of great importance. Last but not least, clusters extracted point to different reform groups, which highlight more reluctant or enthusiastic attitudes to the relevance of the suggested trends of the study.     

Managing AIDS in Africa: HRM challenges in Tanzania

The impact of the AIDS epidemic in developing countries, and in Africa in particular, is now a matter of great concern to policy makers, managers, and academics on a global scale. The magnitude of the potentially disastrous effects of the disease has severe implications for management in organizations, and, in particular, for HRM. The AIDS epidemic is imposing, and will continue to impose, in the foreseeable future, a significant burden on the way people are managed. Little has been written on HRM in Africa, and the present literature on AIDS and HRM in Western societies is inappropriate and insufficient in relation to African organizations. Fifteen organizations in Tanzania took part in this study, which is probably the first of its kind, to produce a picture of current developments and approaches in managing people under the threat of AIDS.     

Trends in occupational sex segregation in Hong Kong

This study investigates the recent trends in occupational sex segregation in Hong Kong. It employs census data for 1991 and 1996 on the occupational distribution by sex to construct several segregation indexes. Based on these indexes, the relative impacts of the changes in the employment structure and in the gender composition of jobs are evaluated. The concentration of men and women in the occupational structure is also examined. It is found that economic restructuring in Hong Kong has brought about subtle changes in the pattern of occupational sex segregation over time. Specifically, the growth of managerial and professional occupations has facilitated the entry of young and better-educated women into these prestigious jobs. The expansion of low-level service jobs has also absorbed a great number of middle-aged women moving from the declining manufacturing sector. Finally, some policy and organizational implications are discussed.     

Divergence in HR Functional Roles in Local Government

Abstract

In spite of a growing body of research on the position and role of HRM and the HR function in organizations, local government HRM has not received the attention it deserves. This article contributes to research on the role of the HR function by deploying a discursive perspective on how HR managers construct their function's role in the context of Finnish local government. Five discourses are located in the talk of HR managers, which show emerging discursive tensions and contradictions in the roles of the HR function in local government.     

Learning through grafting in ventures in new areas

Organizations can increase and change their knowledge base both through the learning of their members and through the acquisition of new members and the knowledge that they possess. This last, which Huber (1991, Organization Science, 2(1), 88–115) terms learning through grafting, is a very important vehicle for learning in Western firms. This article presents a model of learning in ventures in new areas, where grafting has been an important means. It is based on interviews with senior management involved in 13 major ventures intended to renew and reorientate mature firms, and on their view of the learning process. The article shows how the companies concerned acted to acquire new knowledge and to develop new competence, and the factors affecting their learning process. At the same time it represents one way of thinking about learning through grafting in new ventures.     

Challenges in service network expansion: An application in donated breastmilk banking in South Africa

Neonatal infections are the leading cause for neonatal deaths in developing countries, resulting in more than 1.5 million infant fatalities annually. The most effective prevention against neonatal infections is exclusive breastfeeding. However, reasons such as maternal death during birth, maternal illnesses such as HIV and TB-meningitis, and lack of rooming-in facilities prevent the infant to be breastfed by his/her mother. One way to mitigate these infections is by supplying pasteurized donor-expressed breastmilk. In this paper, we consider the network expansion of the donated breastmilk distribution supply chain in South Africa. As with the distribution of most public sector and humanitarian relief goods and services, the transportation of donated breastmilk is hampered by the inherent uncertainty in the environment, and by the fact that in addition to efficient usage of resources, distribution should be made in an equitable manner. We incorporate uncertainty into our models by means of multiple scenarios, which are determined based on different assumptions about population size, HIV prevalence, and status of public health in the country, income, and education. We consider various equity-based objectives and propose rounding-based heuristics to solve these. We focus on two delivery schemes; one which uses out-and-back transportation, and one that makes multiple stops on the delivery route. Using computational experiments, we analyze the trade-offs between the objectives as well as the effects of various public health policies, network expansion budget, and assumptions on supply and demand. We also describe the teaching materials resulting from this paper, which include a case study, a supply/demand estimation tool, and an interactive decision support tool.     

速录技术在高校开设应注意的问题

随着当今社会经济迅猛发展,社会分工不断精细和高效化,速录作为一个新兴的、强有力的社会职业正悄然兴起,并如火如荼的发展着。一些高等院校看到速录行业在社会上广阔的就业前景,纷纷开始在院校的相关专业开设亚伟速录课程。结合速录技术作为专业技能课程开设的实际,其教学需要不断的改进和提高,本文章仅就亚伟速录技术作为在高校开设的专业技能课程应注意的几个问题进行简单论述。