Services trade restrictiveness and manufacturing export sophistication

This paper highlights the importance of services trade liberalization. It is well-known that there is a strong relationship between the level of economic development of a country and the quality of its export basket. Since the pioneering work of Hausmann, Hwang, and Rodrik (2007), several studies have attempted to identify the determinants of export sophistication. In this paper, based on the existing literature, we argue that restrictiveness of services sector trade can have a negative impact on the level of export sophistication. Using panel data from 36 countries over the 2005–2014 period, we show that the impact of services sector trade restrictiveness on export sophistication is negative and statistically significant. We find that this negative effect has increased in the post-2007 period. Furthermore, restrictiveness of trade in modern services is relatively more detrimental to manufacturing export sophistication. A series of endogeneity and robustness tests confirm the reliability of our main empirical result. Our analysis suggests that services sector trade liberalization can also be used as a development strategy by developing countries.     

国际环境变化对纺织品企业出口的影响

面对复杂多变的国际环境,如何保持纺织品出口平稳较快增长成为热点问题。本文分析了企业存在的成本上升,自主生产性不强,信息渠道不畅,对贸易摩擦缺乏防范等问题;提出了应对策略——维护原有出口市场,努力开拓多元出口市场,大力实施品牌战略,加强纺织品协会的作用,重视出口信用保险,大力推进走出去战略等措施。     

Export strategy: : a dynamic capabilities perspective

It is argued here that traditional export strategy research (encompassing the study of internationalization processes and export performance) is characterized by weak theoretical foundations and could benefit from a reorientation towards a dynamic capabilities perspective (DCP). We seek to draw on insights from DCP in order to devise a theoretical basis that could enrich export strategy research. Although our development of DCP insights builds on previous work, it also adds a crucial distinction between knowledge stocks and informational architecture. Changes in architecture are of greater importance. Following this elaboration of the dynamic capabilities perspective, we outline some implications and guidelines for future export strategy research.     

Generic Product Strategies for Emerging Market Exports into Triad Nation Markets: A Mimetic Isomorphism Approach

ABSTRACT Based on the concept of mimetic isomorphism, we theorize that, by imitating the home country MNE modal generic product strategy in each Triad nation, emerging market firms (EMFs) can improve their export performance satisfaction. We hypothesize that EMFs which: (1) target the EU and use a Premium strategy, (2) target Japan and use a Superior Value strategy, or (3) target the USA and use an Economy strategy will, on average, achieve higher levels of satisfaction with export performance than EMFs that enter emerging markets or EMFs that employ other product strategies in Triad nation markets. Our hypothesis is tested and supported on a sample of Romanian and Chinese exporters. Managerial implications of our theory and findings are discussed.     

浅谈钢材贸易企业的出口营销渠道研究

国内外理论界对出口营销渠道的研究大都是从一般的角度出发来研究企业的出口营销渠道策略,很少有专门针对钢材贸易企业的出口营销具体渠道模式方面的研究。     

关于我国服装出口供应链的问题与对策

21世纪服装出口不再是企业单打独斗岁月,而是国际供应链的竞争时代。文中围绕我国服装出口供应链,通过数据分析的方法,提出我国服装出口供应链存在四大问题,并主张发展出口供应链的六大对策,系统地阐明了我国做大、做强服装国际供应链的方略。     

我国出口加工企业资源优势及问题分析

文章用资源能力理论对我国出口加工型企业的资源优势基础进行了分析,探讨了以劳动力及自然资源为优势基础的我国出口加工企业,在竞争中难以形成持久的竞争优势的问题,阐述了继续走低成本策略将使企业限入更深的困境,而其本身资源能力并不具备形成差异化战略的可能。     

Revisiting the concentration versus spreading debate as a successful export growth strategy: the case of UK SMEs exporting agricultural-related products

This paper investigates the behaviour of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) that export agricultural-related products from the UK. Although a body of knowledge exists on both the areas of export strategy and competitiveness, empirical data has tended to relate to manufacturing as opposed to agricultural products. Multivariate quantitative analysis of survey data and subsequent findings from interviews indicate that limited statistical differences exist between the competitiveness of agricultural firms that employ as a growth strategy an approach which concentrates on key export markets compared with those that spread their efforts over a number of markets. Firm size, experience and commitment are investigated as co-variates within the analysis. Implications for policy-makers are drawn from the findings.     

Survival is for the fittest: Export survival patterns in Georgia

This paper analyzes the determinants of export flow survival in Georgia. The paper uses a unique Georgian firm-level dataset, in which firm characteristics and output dynamics are matched with their customs export transactions, for the period 2006–2012. We adopt a discrete survival model to explore the role of firm-level characteristics, diversification strategies and network effects on the survival rates of export flows. Low survival rates at the product level limit the ability of Georgian firms to consolidate new products in international markets. The analysis finds that it is production efficiency, rather than size, that boosts export survival chances, that firms’ diversification strategies matter for the prospects of survival, and that there is strong evidence of network effects in export survival. We also find that ratified foreign trade agreements contribute to increase the survival of export flows by reducing policy-induced trading costs and increasing information about destination markets.     

应对反倾销产品价格决策研究综述

我国出口产品的不合理定价是其在国际市场上屡屡遭受反倾销指控的重要原因。在对出口产品价格影响因素、应对反倾销价格策略以及反倾销定价模型相关追踪等三个方面进行综述研究的基础上,提出了几点建议。     

The choice between greenfield investment and cross-border acquisition: A real option approach

The purpose of this study is to formalize the choice of market entry strategy for an individual multinational enterprise (MNE) from a dynamic perspective. It is argued that incorporating a suitable treatment of irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility related to a MNEs investment decision gives further insights to the choice of cross-border acquisitions to greenfield investment as the preferred entry mode. In most cases, the initial entry strategy serves as a platform allowing the firm to make subsequent investments to exploit host-country advantages and capabilities. We allow for this by taking a two-step expansion strategy explicitly into account. The evolutionary process of the value of the foreign direct investment includes two stochastic elements as well as the timing that triggers the transition from export to foreign direct investment. The results suggest that uncertainty and future investment opportunities play an important role when it comes to transit from export to the first phase of the foreign direct investment commitment as well as have an impact on the choice of entry strategy.     

中国增加值出口贸易的就业效应及其影响因素研究

本文借助多区域投入产出（MRIO）模型测算了中国1995～2009年22个行业的增加值出口及其就业效应,并利用结构分解法（SDA）分析了中国增加值出口贸易的就业效应的影响因素。研究结果发现：总体而言,2000～2009年增加值出口对各行业总就业的边际拉动量均趋于下降,但对大部分行业总就业的拉动量趋于增加。从分技能来看,增加值出口对低技能劳动力就业增长的贡献最大,中等技能劳动力次之,高技能劳动力最小。尽管增加值出口对中国高技能劳动力就业的拉动作用相对较弱,但其呈现强劲的上升态势。进一步考察增加值出口贸易的就业效应的影响因素发现,最终品和中间品出口规模扩张是增加值出口的就业拉动量增加的主要驱动因素,而劳动投入产出系数变动是抑制增加值出口的就业拉动量增加的主要因素。     

China's Exchange Rate Reform and Exports

The paper argues that exchange rate reform is a vital supply-side factor in China's export growth. It contributes to China's export expansion by affording a realistic exchange rate and allowing freer access to foreign exchange, thereby leading to the reduction of anti-export bias and strong supply response. In an imperfect substitutes model, China's long-run export supply and demand functions are estimated in a system context. Evidence is found that the exchange rate reform is one of the most influential factors in China's long-run export expansion, inducing significant response of exports supply. In the short-run, the exchange rate reform and the export volume are also cross-linked through the error-correction process. China's exchange rate policy adjusts speedily to ensure the long-run equilibrium of the supply-side relationship and is likely to have played a dominant role in the adjustment. The study confirms, thanks to the exchange rate reform, China's exchange rate policy has benefited China's remarkable growth of exports before 1994.     

进出口贸易对经济增长贡献的比较分析——基于中国对外贸易的实证研究

长期以来,无论是政界还是在学术界都表现出高度重视出口在经济增长中的作用,但低估甚至忽视进口对经济增长的推动作用的倾向。通过建立分布滞后模型,对我国1978～2006年进出口贸易与经济增长的数据进行回归分析和比较,无法获得充分的证据支持出口贸易在推动经济增长中的重要性要胜过进口贸易的观点,反而得出无论是出口贸易还是进口贸易都对经济增长有促进作用的结论。通过实证研究对我国贸易发展得到一些有益的启示。     

Strategie Orientation and Export Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the linkage between strategic variables and the export performance of firms in the United States, Germany, and Japan. R&D Intensity, Capital Intensity, Average Collection Period, Debt Leverage, and Labor Productivity are used as measures of strategic variables. R&D intensity and Labor Productivity are found to have a strong and positive association with export performance in all three countries. Capital intensity and average collection period also have significant relationship with export performance in the United States and Japan, respectively.     

“十三五”时期世界经济走势与我国外部发展环境

“十三五”时期，我国经济总体上仍处于重要的发展战略机遇期，但世界政治经济格局将出现去全球化苗头，主要国家对我态度变化甚至转折，我国经济发展的外部环境趋于严峻。为此，必须实施商品出口与“走出去”并重的对外经济战略，推动我国对外经济从开放经济向国际经济的转变。     

基于情景规划的扬州港口物流园区发展战略

在介绍情景规划和分析港口物流园区环境的基础上,基于扬州港口物流园区的情景构造与情景分析,结合扬州港口、扬州出口加工区的优势条件,探讨了物流园区与港区、出口加工区保税园区互动整合,带动腹地产业群辐射发展的战略模式及其内容。     

打造“中原录井”品牌

名牌战略属于企业生存与发展战略。实施名牌战略是企业具有远见卓识的表现，能够帮助企业做大做强。名牌战略不仅仅是对单个产品的打造，更重要的是要提升企业的整体形象和价值。     

竞争性协调战略:金融危机后中国贸易战略路径

改革开放以来,我国一直坚持出口导向的对外贸易发展战略,这一战略对于中国经济的腾飞起到了至关重要的作用。但是,在全球金融危机的冲击之下,这一战略暴露出了自身的弊病。在金融危机后,无论是国际经济环境,还是国内现实压力,都迫使我国转变一贯的出口导向战略,实施内外兼顾的竞争性协调战略,以促进我国对外贸易更好地发展。     

进出口贸易对广西经济增长贡献的比较分析

本文通过对广西1978～2009年进出口贸易与经济增长的数据进行统计比较并建立分布滞后和时间序列综合模型回归分析,得出无论是出口贸易还是进口贸易都对经济增长有促进作用,并获得充分的证据支持进口贸易在推动经济增长中的重要性要胜过出口贸易的观点。通过实证研究对广西进出口贸易发展带来一些有益的启示。