POLITICAL PREDATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

We analyze a game between citizens and governments, whose type (benevolent or predatory) is unknown to the public. Opportunistic governments mix between predation and restraint. As long as restraint is observed, political expectations improve, people enter the modern sector, and the economy grows. Once there is predation, the reputation of the government is ruined and the economy collapses. If citizens are unable to overthrow this government, the collapse is durable. Otherwise, a new government is drawn and the economy can rebound. Consistent with stylized facts, equilibrium political and economic histories are random, unstable, and exhibit long-term divergence.     

DEMOCRACY AND ECONOMIC REFORM: THEORY AND SOME EVIDENCE FROM THE RUSSIAN CASE

The paper examines theoretical issues concerning the relationship between political democracy and economic reform and builds on the empirical material from the recent experience of Russia. The process of transition to democracy is shown to have started spontaneously due to the situation of power stalemate among pressure groups that came to control the communist system in the years preceding its ultimate collapse. The unrestrained control by those groups is shown to be the reason behind the continued economic collapse, while gradual build-up of the democratic system can in the long run act in the direction of improving the chances for a successful economic reform.     

EFFECTS OF POLITICAL MONOPOLY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Abstract.  This paper has two objectives. First, it presents a survey of the literature surrounding the relation between political monopoly and economic development. Second, it offers an analysis of how commoners' high degree of tolerance towards unfair inequality of income distribution between theirs and the monopolizing ruling elites leads to poor economic development. We assert that free migration between states causes monopoly rent to shrink because it poses a threat to the ruling elites due to fiscal competition between states. The shrinking in monopoly rent implies a higher level of division of labour, which results in a greater extent of the market and higher aggregate productivity.     

从克鲁格曼经济学的特色看当前经济理论发展的新趋势

把握经济学的发展趋势是经济理论研究的重要课题。本文旨在通过对经济理论演进过程的梳理和典型综合著作特色的案例分析,归纳出当前经济理论发展的新趋势。从当前最富有代表性的克鲁格曼经济学理论体系与以往经济学综合著作的对比中,我们发现,经济学发展正呈现出思想体系多元化、关注主题实践性、分析视野全球化以及观点表述案例化等新趋势。     

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITH ENDOGENOUS POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

This paper combines two approaches to the relationship between economics and politics. The first, standard in the economic literature, takes political arrangements as exogenous and examines the way in which different political regimes influence economic performance. A second approach, normally followed by political scientists, takes economic performance as exogenous and analyzes the way in which the political structure of society responds to it. I integrate both approaches in a simple model that provides a framework to think about the observed correlations between income per capita and political participation. Extensions to the basic model show the possibility of multiple equilibria, and are used to analyze totalitarianism and the role of urbanization.     

论经济增长与社会发展的失衡

本文研究了快速增长的中国经济中经济增长与社会发展的失衡问题,认为失衡会严重影响中国经济社会的健康发展。失衡的表现是多方面的,失衡的原因在于单纯的经济增长主义、经济政策与社会政策的混淆和政府与市场功能的错位。本文的结论是应按照转变经济发展方式的要求校正失衡。     

FORGETFULNESS AND THE POLITICAL CYCLE*

This paper examines a mechanism that underlies both the political business cycle and the cycle in non-economic policies executed by politicians. We show that if rational voters suffer from forgetfulness (a noise in the memory). then government expenditure on the production of public good increases as elections approach. Hence, the model describes a cycle that is observed in the government expenditures of democratic societies. Unlike previous models, this model does not require that the government have information superiority over rational voters with respect to its competency. According to this model, incumbents transfer resources from the beginning of their terms of service and use them near the end of their terms. We also find that the less concave the production function, the wider the cycle.     

试论我国经济地理学对发展观演变的响应

建国以来，我国先后树立和落实了平衡发展观、重点发展观、协调发展观和科学发展观。因应发展观的演变，我国经济地理学在研究内容的侧重点上也在发生变化，这充分说明，满足国家经济社会发展的需要，既是我国经济地理学的首要任务，也是我国经济地理学科发展的驱动力量。我国新近又提出了“以人为本、全面、协调、可持续”的科学发展观，这必将在人文与社会因素的深化研究、宏观与微观相结合的综合研究、“五个统筹”的经济地理研究、新型国土规划与区域规划研究等四个方面影响我国经济地理学发展趋向。     

科学发展趋势与经济地理学发展中的几个问题

本文讨论了科学发展的现代趋势：高度分化、强调综合、多学科交叉、科技经济一体化;形成多层次的结构体系、科技超前发展、基础理论地位上升、知识成为最重要的生产力;文章认为学科交叉是经济地理学的生命．学科理论滞后、层次结构不完整、宏观与微观脱节、对方法论的研究较薄弱是应该引起重视的问题。     

城市化进程中建设用地开发方式选择的经济学分析

文章以微观经济学为理论依据,以开发商的角度,建立房地产开发过程的获利模型,剖析了城市化进程中建设用地的不同开发方式对开发商收益的影响,提出了城市化进程中用地从外延扩张向内涵发展的临界点,分析了各种相关因素的变化对临界点的影响及其与城市建设用地开发方式及城市边界变化的关系。     

ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF IMMIGRATION AND INCOME REDISTRIBUTION*

In this article, we analyze an economy in which agents vote over immigration policy and redistributive tax policy. We show that natives' preferences over immigration are influenced by the prospect that immigrants will be voting over future tax policy. We also show that changes in the degree of international capital mobility, the distribution of initial capital among natives, the wealth or poverty of the immigrant pool, and the future voting rights and entitlements of immigrants can have dramatic effects on equilibrium immigration and tax policies. Finally, we provide some empirical support for the model's predictions.     

大连“二次出海”及沿海经济带的建设

对大连"二次出海"的内涵作了概念性的诠释:①大连建成东北亚重要的国际航运中心和保税港区的封关运作;②大连在辽宁省提出的"五点一线"建设沿海经济带战略中的作用和地位;③对大连提出在辽东半岛渤、黄海沿岸建设以发展装备制造业基地布局.依据大连独特的临海、临港的区位优势,从区域经济地理的角度,对"二次出海"的意义、作用和特征等进行了论述与分析.     

长江经济带开发对中部崛起的影响与对策

通过长江经济带和中部地区在区位、交通和经济上的关联分析,以及长江经济带对中部地区发展格局、区域功能、产业发展的影响分析,在此基础之上,提出了依托长江经济带开发实现中部崛起的发展战略思路及对策。     

增长极理论对菏泽区域经济发展的启示

菏泽在山东省属于欠发达地区,如何突破菏泽经济发展困境早已成为政府和学者重点关注的问题。从区域经济学角度分析菏泽经济特点,论证菏泽经济所处的发展阶段,阐述增长极理论适宜指导现阶段菏泽经济发展状况,并据此提出了相应的策略措施。培养增长极,让增长极带动周围区域经济发展,再适当合理地应用政策杠杆作用克服增长极理论自身的缺陷,实现菏泽经济腾飞和山东省经济均衡发展,应是现阶段加快菏泽经济快速发展的最佳途径。