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1.
ip; the exclusive ownership; the common ownership; the division of owner; right; obligation0河南社会科学Henan Social Sciences94-97 101D913;D912.1G116;G117;1;1;H;GG116_1;G117_1;杜福磊0004000400040001;000400040002000288-91 95经济法立法的分类研究徐强胜河南财经学院法学系 河南郑州450002经济立法;;分类;;标准;;意义法律分类是 相似文献
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chievement i 《特区经济》2006,(8)
odel and situations of application about water-uptake in plant root system model. It put forward key questions for study and developing tendency in the future in plant root system mechanics.mechanics of plant root system; principle of soil-fi 相似文献
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A money demand function for M2 is estimated for Italy for the period 1972–1998 within an error correction framework. This period has been characterized by major structural changes in the Italian financial system and by major changes in monetary policy. This study takes these changes into account. Moreover, currency substitution, especially between Italy and Germany is incorporated into the model. By accounting for structural breaks and currency substitution a stable money demand function can be found.Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 373, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Uwe Hassler, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, and Carsten Trenkler, SFB 373, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, for helpful comments. An earlier version has been presented at the ESEM 2001, Lausanne. 相似文献
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Huub Meijers 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2014,11(1-2):137-163
Recent cross country panel data studies find a positive impact of internet use on economic growth and a positive impact of internet use on trade. The present study challenges the first finding by showing that internet use does not explain economic growth directly in a fully specified growth model. In particular openness to international trade variables seem to be highly correlated with internet use and the findings in the literature that internet use causes trade is confirmed here suggesting that internet use impacts trade and that trade impacts economic growth. A simultaneous equations model confirms the positive and significant role of internet use to openness and the importance of openness to economic growth. Internet use shows to be more impacting trade in non-high income countries than in high income countries whereas the impact of trade on economic growth is the same for both income groups. 相似文献
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LiZhou 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2004,12(6):86-97
I. IntroductionIn order to industrialize, China has adopted a development strategy of Urban-RuralDivergence for a long time. A striking consequence of this is that a large amount of ruralresources have flown into urban areas through a variety of institutional arrangements.What came next are such public problems as the extreme imbalance between the urban andthe rural economy, extreme deficiencies of rural public goods, and the serious destructionof the ecological environment. Its fair to say … 相似文献
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L. Hoogduin 《De Economist》1987,135(1):52-65
Summary In this article it is shown that Keynes concept of uncertainty is not identical with that of Knight, as is often argued. The identification of Keynesian with Knightian uncertainty has contributed to the neglect of an aspect of Keynesian uncertainty that is important in understanding the functioning of a monetary economy. Therefore, it is concluded that monetary theory can benefit from the development of an analytical apparatus that incorporates all aspects of Keynesian uncertainty.I am indebted to Mr. J. de Haan, Professor J.A. Kregel, Professor S.K. Kuipers, Professor J. Pen, Dr. J. Snippe and Mr. A. van Witteloostuijn for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. It goes without saying that they cannot be blamed for any remaining errors. 相似文献
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Exchange Rates and the Trade Balance for Dynamic Asian Economies—Does the J-Curve Exist for Singapore,Malaysia, and Korea? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between the real trade balance and the real exchange rate for bilateral trade in merchandise goods between Singapore, Korea, and Malaysia and the USA and Japan on a quarterly basis over the period 1970 to 1996 using the partial reduced form model of Rose and Yellen (1989) derived from the two-country imperfect substitutes model. With the exception of Korean trade with the USA, and in line with recent work using a similar methodology, our findings suggest that the real exchange rate does not have a significant impact on the real trade balance, and for Singapore and Malaysia we can find no persuasive evidence for J-curves. For Korea, however, the data were consistent with some J-curve effects with respect to both Japan and the USA. Moreover, it is possible that for Korea these effects were being masked or muted by small country pricing of exports in foreign currency, but there was no evidence that imports subsequently fell as the lag length on the real exchange rate increased, which would be required to support a strict interpretation of the J-curve. 相似文献
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Cemal Atici 《Journal of the Japanese and International Economies》2012,26(1):167-178
As in any modern economy, trade is central to the progress of the economy in the Association of Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN) region, but environmental degradation occurs with globalization. Using panel data from the period 1970–2006, this study examines the interaction between trade and the environment in terms of carbon emissions for the group of ASEAN countries. The results demonstrate that CO2 emissions display an inverted-S shape in the region. In general, exports as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP) are main contributors to carbon emissions in the developed, developing and late-developing ASEAN countries. The study found no evidence for the Foreign Direct Investment’s (FDI) deteriorating impact on environmental quality. Moreover, Japan’s imports from the region do not cause pollution while China’s imports stimulate the pollution per capita. 相似文献
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《World development》2002,30(9):1657-1673
The stock of wealth held offshore is estimated at US$6 trillion. Many small island economies (SIEs) host offshore finance centers, and some SIEs are highly dependent upon offshore finance. Extreme examples have over 90% of government revenues derived from finance sector activities. Since 1998 a series of international initiatives have been launched to combat harmful tax practices, money laundering, and inadequate financial regulation. These initiatives will transform the economies of many SIEs. This paper explores the dependence of many SIEs upon offshore finance and the barriers to diversification arising from their smallness and unique political economies. 相似文献
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This paper uses an unbalanced panel data set for exporting firms from manufacturing industries in one German federal state,
Lower Saxony, to investigate the microstructure of the recent export boom. Looking at data for 1995/96–2001/02 it is demonstrated
that a considerable number of plants start and stop exporting in each year, but that most of the export dynamics is due to
positive and negative changes of exports in plants that continue exporting. A small fraction made of 4–5 percent of all exporting
plants is responsible for around 70 to 80 percent of the gross increase in exports. Firms with expanding and contracting exports
are found simultaneously in all broad sectors, technology classes and firm size classes. Patterns of export behavior differ
widely between the plants over the periods investigated. JEL no. F14, E32 相似文献
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《World development》1987,15(1):67-81
During the period of Cuba's Second Five-Year Plan (1981–1985), the sugar industry continued to perform well. Both production and yields per hectare rose, the material conditions for workers improved, labor productivity increased, the mechanization of the harvest proceeded rapidly, large investments were made in modernization, and there were substantial savings in fuel use. There were also, however, problems. The output of the sugar industry was well below expectations, the new cooperatives fared poorly, free market sales of Cuban sugar dropped along with prices, and there were considerable difficulties from an agricultural point of view. Cuba also initiated a number of important organizational changes during this period. Huge agro-industrial complexes were established, there was some decentralization of authority down to the brigade level, and large cooperatives were formed from private farms. 相似文献
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We update earlier articles on the determinants of interpenetration of financial centers by banks and analyze the substantial
changes that have occurred between 1990 and 2000. First, the number of banks and the number of offices in other centers has
fallen by over 20 percent since 1990. Second, aggregate interconnectedness has held steady between 1990 and 2000, though there
is an increasing asymmetry. Third, Tokyo has lost rank as a center, while Hong Kong and Singapore have continued to gain importance.
Fourth, Frankfurt, rather than gaining importance with the advent of the euro, has apparently lost importance. Lastly, some
explicit or implicit agreements between banks from different countries not to compete in each other's markets have continued
to wane, though intra-European interpenetration remains relatively low. JEL no. F30, G15, G21 相似文献
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Pedro Lains 《Open Economies Review》2008,19(5):667-683
The deepening of economic and financial integration in the European Union has led to different responses in the group of ‘cohesion’
countries. Ireland and Portugal stand out as the two extreme examples, as Ireland caught-up to the forerunners after the launching
of EMU, in 1992, whereas Portugal lost ground. This paper looks at structural shifts in order to explain different economic
performances within Europe. We conclude that Portugal’s labour productivity lag was the outcome of a less favourable structure
of employment; that differences in the structure of employment are not clustered in specific industries; and that such structural
differences are associated with different factor endowments, namely physical and human capital. Portugal has a rising competitiveness
problem in international markets as real wages have increased faster than labour productivity in the 1990s. That has to be
changed by policy measures, by the market through higher levels of unemployment, or by a combination of both.
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Pedro LainsEmail: |
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《Journal of Asian Economics》2000,11(2):262-265
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Pierre-Yves Donzé Ben Wubs 《The Scandinavian economic history review / [the Scandanavian Society for Economic and Social History and Historical Geography]》2019,67(2):210-225
The electronics industry is often regarded by scholars as an example of a sector driven by endless technological innovation and major competition between a few large companies, thus embodying the common view whereby the free market leads firms to innovate. On the other hand, some business historians have also emphasised that, since the beginning of the twentieth century, most of these companies were engaged in various international cartel agreements. The business and economic history literature on this industry reveals a clear-cut divide between the inter-war years and the post-war era. In this paper, however, we argue that technical and commercial cooperation between large electronics companies continued in various forms despite the spread of anti-trust policies after 1945. In this case study, we explore the global X-ray equipment industry from its beginnings around 1900 to the advent of the CT scanner in the early 1970s. The paper focuses on Siemens and Philips, the two largest manufacturers of radiological equipment. It demonstrates that both companies pursued their commercial and technical cooperation at least until the 1970s, although it was much less overt as during the interwar years. 相似文献