美国评级业监管发展动向及述评

在过去近百年的时间里,美国的资信评级业扩张明显,在资本市场的作用日益重要,评级业的监管也日益完善。本文回顾了美国评级业的监管历史,对2006年新发布的资信评级机构改革法案进行了介绍,并总结和评论了美国证监会2007年发布的“注册为全国认可统计评级组织的评级机构监管”规则提案征求意见稿的相关内容,以期为我国的评级业发展提供借鉴。     

Financial Reporting and Credit Ratings: On the Effects of Competition in the Rating Industry and Rating Agencies' Gatekeeper Role

This paper studies firms' financial reporting incentives in the presence of strategic credit rating agencies and how these incentives are affected by the level of competition in the rating industry and by rating agencies' role as gatekeepers to debt markets. We develop a model featuring an entrepreneur who seeks project financing from a perfectly competitive debt market. After publicly disclosing a financial report, the entrepreneur can purchase credit ratings from rating agencies that strategically choose their rating fees and rating inflation. We derive the following core results: (1) More rating industry competition leads to stronger corporate misreporting incentives if ratings are sufficiently precise or if rating agencies assume a gatekeeper role. Under imperfect rating industry competition, (2) agencies' gatekeeper role primarily weakens firms' misreporting incentives, which then influences rating agencies' strategies, and (3) firms' misreporting and rating agencies' rating inflation can be strategic complements when agencies assume a gatekeeper role. (4) Regulatory initiatives aimed at increasing rating industry competition or at weakening rating agencies' gatekeeper role improve investment efficiency as long as corporate misreporting incentives are not significantly strengthened.     

开放条件下信用评级市场发展及监管问题研究

自2017年起,我国信用评级市场开始加速对外开放,我国信用评级市场间机构竞争格局必将产生新变化,信用评级水平必将得到有效提升.在开放条件下,我国信用评级监管可以借鉴美国经验,重点关注监管法治建设层级不足、金融安全风险、利益冲突等问题.因此,应加快各地《信用评级业管理暂行办法》等配套制度建设;完善市场退出机制,加强信用评...