扬子石化公司PTA装置的扩容改造

扬子ＰＴＡ装置是７０年代末引进的，虽是国内最大的ＰＴＡ装置，但与世界上发达国家的装置相比，无论在规模或技术水平上都存在不小的差距，在分析了装置的现状的条件下，对该装置进行了扩容改造，并取得了成功，使装置的生产能力提高了３０％，单耗和能耗均有一程度的降低。     

Who is telecaring whom? Exploring the total social organisation of care work in an Italian municipality

Telecare’ refers to the use of digital or information and communication technologies (ICTs) to facilitate health and social care delivery to individuals in their homes. This article explores the phenomenon by foregrounding its interconnections with work activities, paid and unpaid. It draws on research as a part of the design and deployment of a set of telecare innovations for older people in an Italian municipality. The project was conceived at the outset in terms of formal inter‐ relationships between functions and components of technical systems. Technical setbacks, however, were resolved only by enrolling the active support of groups and individuals (including civil society organisations and older people). By situating a telecare intervention conceptually within the ‘total social organisation of labour’ (TSOL), we provide an analysis that contributes to understanding how a socio‐technical infrastructural approach to telecare reveals ways to improve our understanding of how formal and informal care systems interact.     

Food sharing,redistribution, and waste reduction via mobile applications: A social network analysis

Food sharing mobile applications are becoming increasingly popular, but little is known about the new social configurations of people using them, particularly those applications that use consumers as voluntary intermediaries in supply chains. This article presents a social network analysis of a food sharing mobile application conducted in partnership with OLIO. The study focuses on longitudinal social network data from 54,913 instances of food sharing between 9054 people and was collected over 10 months. The results challenge existing theories of food sharing (reciprocity, kin selection, tolerated scrounging, and costly signalling) as inadequate by showing that donor-recipient reciprocity and balance are rare, but also show that genuinely novel social relations have formed between organisations and consumers which depart from traditional linear supply chains. The findings have significant implications for managers and policymakers aiming to encourage, measure and understand technology-assisted food sharing practices.     

Vertical and Horizontal Cross‐Ties: Benefits of Cross‐Hierarchy and Cross‐Unit Ties for Innovative Projects

Social networks are an important driver for successful innovation, both at the individual level as well as the organizational level. Recent research has also shaped that networks within teams can enhance performance. Innovative project teams are embedded in an organizational context, however, and teams typically consist of people with expertise from diverse backgrounds, and from different units. Team members may have ties to other teams, business units, and hierarchical levels. Although it seems clear that such ties can influence team performance, remarkably little research has focused on what is here referred to as vertical and horizontal cross‐ties. Previous research may have ignored the possibility that vertical and horizontal bridging ties may have different performance outcomes. Although the literature suggests that diversity of input, or horizontal cross‐unit ties will benefit team performance and innovativeness, there is reason to believe that ties to higher levels in the organization might have an effect on project team performance and innovativeness too. This article in particular studies the role of vertical cross‐hierarchy ties. In an exploratory analysis combining quantitative and qualitative results, it is distinguished between horizontal cross‐unit and vertical cross‐hierarchy ties and their contribution to new business development (NBD) project performance, thereby making a substantial contribution to both academic literature and managerial practice. Our study is based on a multiple case‐study approach of several NBD project teams in a large European financial service provider. Our results show that successful innovation project teams are characterized by a large number of cross‐unit ties in combination with a large number of cross‐hierarchical ties compared with less successful project teams. Additionally, proof is found that vertical cross‐hierarchy ties should be concentrated rather than scattered across project members.     

EPC项目设计界面管理研究——以上海国际金融中心项目为例

从界面管理基本理论入手,结合案例分析,详细介绍EPC项目的设计管理工作实践,探讨界面分析对于控制设计技术风险的运用形式,并在界面分析的基础上提出界面管理体系,为实现对EPC项目设计管理的全过程把控提供支撑。     

对设计单位开展QC小组活动的思考

在设计单位要深入持久地开展QC小组活动,应结合设计单位质量管理体系确定的组织机构,以各专业设计负责人为模块分别建立不同专业的QC小组,对涉及本专业的技术问题以及专业设计中的技术创新,以专业小组形式开展活动;对涉及多专业的技术问题,则以综合性形式开展活动。指出,设计单位不仅应大力提倡开展QC小组活动,而且应不断改进和优化,激发广大QC小组人员的积极性,使QC小组活动不断向纵深发展。     

Science and Technology as Social Relations Towards a Philosophy of Technology for Liberal Education

This paper raises the question of the philosophical base of a liberal technology education, assuming that it cannot be provided simply by an engineer's perspective. It therefore reconstructs known ideas about technology in terms of the social relationships inherent in the development, gestalt and use of technical artifacts. The outcomes of this reconstruction are perceptual relationships in the phenomenology of technology, power relationships in critical theory, and artifact-designer relationships in social constructivism. Based on these outcomes, the paper suggests a series of questions for reconstructing the cultural meaning of technology and a structural model that shows how meaning is generated through a variety of social relationships. The final section deals with the educational implications of this approach. These include a shift from teaching content matter isolated from social considerations towards a dialectic engagement with the social and technical dimensions of technological activity in order to make technology education meaningful for all students.     

First Things First

Although successful new product development practices often require joint efforts of professionals from various departments, all too often these professionals are trained as specialists with little exposure to other functional viewpoints. Colin Clipson describes the results of an educational initiative designed to bring together selected technical, business and design students enrolled in classes at The University of Michigan. Members of various student teams quickly ascertained a need to overcome language and cultural barriers in order to develop product recommendations for sponsoring firms. The results of this educational experiment have implications for current educational programs as long as improved innovation management is seen as a desirable social goal.     

Project 98在建筑施工计划管理中的应用

Ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ９８是项目管理软件，在建筑施工生产过程中借助于它进行计划的安排、调整和控制，可以取得较好的经济和社会效益。章结合在南京太阳宫广场施工项目中运用Ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ９８的体会，论述它的建筑施工过程计划前、计划中和计划后的应用。     

Examining linkages between Smart Villages and Smart Cities: Learning from rural youth accessing the internet in India

The literature on Smart Cities has not as yet paid adequate attention to the rural sector, and the potential in villages for creating smart and sustainable solutions for the 21st century. This paper focuses on linking proposed smart city strategies to smart village policies to ensure that rural youth have improved opportunities for employment through ICT initiatives to ensure digital inclusion, using primary surveys undertaken in India. The motivation was to understand how mobile telephony could be a catalyst to create Smart Villages in India, where young people can chart out new pathways to realize their aspirations with regard to tertiary education and new avenues for diversifying into rural non-agricultural employment. We use data obtained from a household survey in villages in the states of Punjab and Tamil Nadu to examine the mobile phone usage preferences of rural educated youth to identify the way forward in improving the accessibility of services on the supply side. We make the case that where youth are using mobile phone access to increase their social information base it is indeed possible that the new social media groups formed by rural youth become a powerful conduit for generating new employment opportunities. The key to accessing this solution is to use a demand driven model for mobile services that would permit a bottom of governance model to generate sustainable growth of enterprises and improved human development of these villages.     

The Price Effects of Cash versus Mortgage Transactions

This paper investigates the price effects of cash versus mortgage transactions. Our hypothesis that home sales involving all-cash transactions will sell at discount is borne out by the results of this study. Analyzing a sample of comparable row home dwelling units, we find that all-cash transactions are associated with roughly a 13% price discount relative to transactions involving financing terms that are typical of the market. Cash is King. The findings are consistent with theories regarding buyer—seller behavior.     

Social Change: How Should Technology Education Respond?

Rapid social change creates a powerful challenge to individuals and educational institutions. Technology education is not an exception. To be a useful and authentic learning area, technology education should constantly re-examine its rationale in order to formulate responses to changing contexts to improve the quality of learning for students. The more perspectives used for this process, the better the results should be. This article explores several facets of social change that can influence an understanding of the aims and nature of technology education and that might contribute to its development. Social change is a very complex and dynamic phenomenon that can be considered from a variety of perspectives and is reflected in a number of processes. These processes are different in different types of societies. In relation to the topic, the following processes that are relevant to Western societies (it is acknowledged that for different type of societies, e.g. Islamic, Chinese, social context will be different) will be analyzed: (1) The shift of emphasis from engaging society members primarily as producers to engaging society members primarily as consumers; (2) The colonisation of the cognitive and moral spheres of human life by the aesthetic sphere; (3) The integration of people into the technological world and (4) The shift from the Welfare state to the Competition state. These processes have been identified on the basis of their potential influences on the development of technology education and, as a consequence, the students who study it. These processes are in tension which creates even greater challenges to technology education. Several implications of the above analysis in terms of conceptualizing technology education are discussed. It is suggested that social change can be addressed through technology education if the educational goals of it are ‘to broaden minds and develop all pupils in the creation of a better society’. For technology education classrooms, these specifically mean the involvement of students in democratic debates on the future outlines of technological development; development of their social and ecological sensitivities; avoiding orienting their solutions exclusively to the standard of business efficiency and profitability criteria; helping them to distinguish real needs from desires; discussing the role of designed objects in the life of contemporary society; putting more emphasis on other than the aesthetic aspects of life that can provide existential meaning for people; challenging the way people are manipulated through advertising and cultivation of their desires; developing an active/creative attitude towards problems (not re-active); teaching students to formulate problems (not only being involved in problem solving); challenging consumer-oriented design; looking at design as one source of inspiration, not as a source of economic utility; and developing social responsibility     

Job Training, New Technology and Labour Turnover

Vocational training incidence for those at work is frequently financed partly or wholly by employers, who then lose part of their investment return if workers migrate to other firms. We investigate the incidence of training and the incidence of job-to-job mobility for a large sample of British workers in 1984 and 1989. We also analyse the role of sectoral technology characteristics in influencing patterns of both training and inter-firm mobility.
Our results demonstrate that job-to-job mobility is highest for the young and higher for those with formal educational qualifications than for the unskilled. These are also characteristics which engender a higher training propensity; so, unavoidably, private gains to training for employers are below social gains for these young people. Public-sector workers have high training rates but low mobility; this perhaps explains the lack of perception of the poaching problem by successive governments. Sectoral R&D activity is associated with more training and less mobility for men; in contrast, women are more likely to train and are less mobile if the rate of adoption of innovation is rapid.     

T厂2×330MW机组供热改造项目经济评价

伴随环境污染问题滋生的热电联产方案备受关注,本文首先阐述了供热改造项目的背景及其必要性,对该项目进行了技术可行性分析以及经济评价。结合多年的行业经验,创新地提出了热电联产改造项目新增成本费用与收益的界定方法。并通过财务评价,得出该项目经济合理性的结论。最后对该项目投产后的运营风险进行了简要分析,并提出了相应的应对措施。评价结果表明,T厂2×330MW机组供热改造项目不仅符合国家节能减排政策要求,而且具有可观的经济效益,为T厂的可持续发展提供了一条有效的途径,同时也为周边地区带来了良好的环境和社会效益。     

高校维修改造工程造价管理的问题与对策分析

高校历史悠久,许多学校自建立以来房屋维修欠账多,基础设施大多已老旧甚至损坏,另一方面,随着高校的不断发展,一些原有设计已无法满足新的使用需求。从学校基建部门的角度出发,通过文献研究、实践、专家访谈,分析了高校维修改造工程的特点以及造价管理的问题,研究表明:建立统一的项目申报平台;建立服务单位备选库平台;善用过控单位和全过程跟踪审计单位;加强基建管理人员专业方面的培训;完善基建内控制度和造价管理办法,是使高校维修改造工程的造价管理工作效率更高,更易操作,避免投资失控的有效对策。     

Social capital,strategic relatedness and the formation of intraorganizational linkages

This paper investigates the evolutionary dynamics of network formation by analyzing how organizational units create new interunit linkages for resource exchange. Using sociometric techniques and event history analysis, this study predicts the rate at which new interunit linkages are created between a newly formed unit and all the existing units in a large multinational organization. Two important constructs: social capital, derived from the literature on social structure and network formation, and strategic relatedness, derived from research on diversification and the resource‐based view of the firm, are used to explain the rate of new linkage creation. Results show that the interaction between social capital and strategic relatedness significantly affects the formation of intraorganizational linkages. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

数字化交付模型数据整合路径探讨及优化

为了扩大可接纳建模数据范围，降低投标方的准入门槛，提高项目数字化交付可行性，以某公司数字工厂示范项目为研究对象，积极探索数字化交付模型数据的整合路径。在归纳整理项目涉及的模型数据类型的整合要素、关键节点及主要工具的基础上，制定了整合实施路径中的优化方向和步骤，并根据典型问题针对性地提出了改进优化方案。结果表明：1)实现了PDMS,Revit, SolidWorks, CADWorx, 3DS MAX等近10款主流软件在AVEVA AIM平台的整合，为项目的数字化交付工作打下了基础；2)实施整合后，项目模型数据完整度由70%提升至95%以上，减少大量供应商及部分设计单位进行PDMS翻模的工作，有效提升了总体院的数字化交付水平和平台兼容能力；3)精准运用各类插件和接口、灵活使用二、三维转换工具等措施，可以有效解决大量问题、提高整合效率。研究结果可为数字化交付的模型数据整合优化提供解决方案及思路，并为数字化交付及智能工厂的建设工作提供技术支持。     

大型建设项目管理流程控制研究

大型建设建设项目管理流程的设计与控制，对项目的成功实施具有非常重要的意义。详细阐述了大型建设项目管理流程的定义，并在此基础上进行管理流程的控制研究，构建了流程控制系统，提出了管理流程控制的指标体系和控制方法，以期对实践起指导作用。     

Linking learning and knowledge creation to project success in Six Sigma projects: An empirical investigation

This study investigates the impact of two organizational antecedents, (1) Six Sigma resources (technical) and (2) team psychological safety (social), on learning behaviour and knowledge creation and, in turn, on the success of Six Sigma process improvement projects. The paper proposes an integrated model to explain process improvement implementation success through two learning activities undertaken by Six Sigma project teams: Knowing-what and Knowing-how. The conceptualization of these knowledge types in this research is different from usual conceptualization as it represents the knowledge brought into projects through various phases of Six Sigma projects. The three hypotheses proposed in the model were tested using the data collected from 52 Six Sigma project teams from a single organization. Regression analysis showed psychological safety affects project performance through knowing-how. Regression and bootstrapping analyses showed resources influence project performance through the combined mediation of knowing-what and knowing-how.The paper provides an interdisciplinary treatment of knowledge management in process improvement teams, and offers a research model demonstrating how Six Sigma project teams promote deliberate organizational learning. By doing so, this study empirically establishes the notion that technical and social supports jointly impact the success of operations management initiatives such as Six Sigma through learning. The limitations of the study along with the future research directions are highlighted.     

Cognitive radio systems specific for IMT systems: Operator’s view and perspectives

Cognitive radio (CR) is still an emerging and disruptive communication technology which is expected to improve the overall efficiency of the spectrum use. It is envisaged that cognitive radio systems (CRS) could impact many aspects of communications and in particular could facilitate accommodation of the increasing amount of services and applications in wireless networks. Intensive research on CR aims at maximising the utilisation of the limited radio spectrum resource. There have been many advances in CR regarding the technology development aspects; however supplementary research on regulation, policy and market structure reforms in relation with application specific deployment is still required before any CR-based spectrum access could be implemented for specific broadband mobile applications. Indeed, mobile community is still at an early stage of understanding and development of CR capabilities and it is premature to envisage wide deployment of CRS without careful consideration of regulatory and business issues. Therefore, this paper gives a classification of CR-based network and application scenarios, and investigates the feasibility of them from a regulatory perspective at a global level (ITU-R). Main part of this paper presents the wireless network operator’s approach to CRS specific for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) systems and proposes the radio environment map (REM) concept as a cognitive tool that increases environmental awareness in wireless network operator’s networks. Studies, which the authors performed internally and within the framework of a collaborative European project as well as within ITU-R yield the conclusion that, at shorter term, only intra-operator based CRS maximises the possibility for CR capabilities to be implemented.