企业盈余管理行为对信贷融资的影响

文章以2011年至2014年沪深A股主板上市公司为研究对象,基于信息不对称理论,实证检验了盈余管理行为与信贷资源可获性的关系。结果显示,企业通过盈余管理行为上调利润越多,获取的银行信贷额越大。结合企业产权性质和金融市场化程度进一步深入探究盈余管理行为对信贷融资特征的影响,研究结果表明,国有企业偏向于通过应计盈余管理获取更多的信贷资源,非国有企业偏向于通过真实盈余管理获取更多的信贷资源;金融市场化强度高的地区企业偏向于通过真实盈余管理获取更多的信贷资源,金融市场化强度低的地区企业偏向于通过应计盈余管理获取更多信贷资源。     

董事会特征、盈余管理动机与非流动资产处置

本文以沪深两市2007-2014年发生非流动资产处置损益的A股上市公司为样本,分析处置非流动资产的盈余管理动机以及公司董事会特征对真实盈余管理的抑制作用。研究结果表明：上市公司为了实现扭亏的目标,存在利用非流动资产处置收益实施盈余管理的行为;董事会治理机制中,董事长与总经理两职合一、独立董事比例和董事会开会次数与真实盈余管理水平显著负相关;相对于民营上市公司,国有上市公司真实盈余管理动机更强,其董事长与总经理两职合一和独立董事比例抑制盈余管理的功能优于民营上市公司,而民营上市公司的董事会开会次数的监督功能更为有效。     

证监会处罚对公司盈余管理的影响后果及机制研究

以2001—2009年因财务舞弊而被证监会处罚的上市公司为样本,检验公司受罚前后的盈余管理行为变化,结果发现:违规公司受罚后的盈余管理行为不仅没有减少,反而更多地使用了较为隐蔽的盈余管理方式——构建真实的活动以规避证监会的处罚;就处罚强度和处罚引起的市场反应这两种影响机制而言,市场反应的作用相对更大,市场反应的弱化会对公司的盈余管理行为起反向的激励作用。     

Using the Family Self‐Sufficiency Program to Help Families with Housing Assistance Improve Earnings,Credit Score,and Debt Levels: A Quasi‐Experimental Analysis

HUD's Family Self‐Sufficiency (FSS) program aims to help housing assistance recipients increase their earnings and build savings to make progress toward economic security. This study examines an asset‐building nonprofit's innovative financial coaching‐based approach to FSS that adds an additional focus on helping clients build assets and financial capability. We use a quasi‐experimental approach to estimate the program's impact on earnings and cash assistance receipt and analyze credit and debt outcomes against a benchmark group. The findings show substantial, significant gains in households' earnings and significant decreases in receipt of some cash benefits. Participants also saw increases in credit score, and success in paying down credit card and derogatory debt. Our results indicate that FSS can be an effective platform for helping participants in subsidized housing make real progress toward economic security and financial health.     

Influence of dividend tax policy tied to investment horizon on stock price stability: Evidence from the 2015 dividend tax reform in China

We examine how the dividend tax cut policy tied to the investment horizon enforced on September 8, 2015, influences stock price stability in China's A-share market. As the new dividend tax policy waives the tax on cash dividends for investors holding a stock for more than a year, it encourages long-term investment behavior. From 2013 to 2017, we find that stock turnover, return volatility, and turnover volatility decrease after the policy enforcement, especially for stocks with high dividend yields. This result shows that dividend tax reforms increase investors' stock investment horizons and help stabilize the market. However, our findings demonstrate that stock crash risk increases after policy enforcement. Further analysis shows that earnings management through real activities manipulation for stocks with a higher dividend yield contributes to an increase in stock crash risk. Therefore, one externality of the dividend tax cut policy tied to the investment horizon is that top managers of firms with a higher dividend yield may take advantage of investors' passive longer-term investment behavior and engage in more earnings management. This result suggests that regulatory agencies should pay attention to top managers' earnings management behavior after enacting policies that encourage long-term investment.     

新三板扩容对挂牌企业盈余管理行为影响研究

本文以2012-2014年全国中小企业股份转让系统挂牌企业为研究样本,基于自然事件研究的思路,考察新三板扩容及该背景下做市商制度对公司应计盈余管理与真实盈余管理行为的影响,以此揭示新三板制度发展对挂牌公司盈余质量的作用效果。研究发现：新三板扩容显著降低了挂牌企业的应计盈余管理及真实盈余管理程度;但是在高速扩容之下,做市商制度引入在一定程度上反而加剧了企业进行应计盈余管理与真实盈余管理,股票流动性提升后,企业实施费用操控的真实盈余管理水平也明显提升。     

Does family involvement explain why corporate social responsibility affects earnings management?

We investigate how family involvement in the ownership, management, or governance of a business affects its engagement in earnings management both directly and indirectly through its corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Using a sample of S&P 500 companies, we find that family firms tend to have higher CSR performance, which can help them to maintain legitimacy and preserve socio-emotional wealth. Family firms also engage in less accrual-based earnings management, although they are indistinguishable from non-family firms in terms of real earnings management. In contrast to previous research, we find that CSR performance is not significantly associated with either accrual-based or real earnings management behavior after we account for the effect of family involvement. Our findings suggest that the association between CSR performance and family involvement is the primary driver of the relation between CSR performance and earnings management documented in previous research.     

The Effect of Timeliness and Credit Ratings on the Information Content of Earnings Announcements

This paper investigates the impact of timeliness and credit ratings on the information content of the earnings announcements of Greek listed firms from 2001 to 2008. Using the classical event study methodology and regression analysis, we find that firms tend to release good news on time and are inclined to delay the release of bad news. We also provide evidence that the level of corporate risk differentiates the information content of earnings according to the credit rating category. Specifically, firms displaying high creditworthiness enjoy positive excess returns on earnings announcement dates. In contrast, firms with low creditworthiness undergo significant share price erosions on earnings announcement days. We also observe a substitution effect between timeliness and credit ratings in relation to the information content of earnings announcements. Specifically, we find that as the credit category of earnings-announcing firms improves, the informational role of timeliness is mitigated.     

Ethics and Disclosure: A Study of the Financial Performance of Firms in the Seasoned Equity Offerings Market

In this article, we examine the association between ethics and disclosure and the impact of this association on the long-term, post-issue performance of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). We argue that firms with extensive disclosure are less likely to face information problems, and more likely to lead to an active shareholder monitoring, and therefore, engage in fewer unethical activities, such as aggressive earnings manipulation, and have better long-term, post-issue performance. Consistent with these predictions, this study presents evidence that disclosure is negatively related to unethical earnings manipulation and positively associated with long-term, post-issue performance. In particular, we find that long-term, post-issue SEO underperformance is significantly less for firms with extensive disclosure and conservative earnings management than firms with less disclosure and aggressive earnings management. We interpret this evidence to mean that over the long run, the capital market values ethical financial reporting and corporate efforts to incorporate social responsibility into their decision-making processes, for example, by enhancing information transparency through voluntary disclosure.      

Can Accounting Earnings Predict Future GDP Growth? Evidence from China

This study investigates whether accounting earnings can predict future Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth within China’s institutional settings. Konchitchki and Patatoukas (2014a) find that accounting earnings is a significant leading indicator of GDP growth for the next three or four quarters. We conjecture, however, that earnings management would weaken such predictive power for accounting earnings because it distorts earnings from real corporate profit. As earnings of Chinese firms are more seriously manipulated than those of US firms, this study finds that earnings of Chinese listed firms can only predict GDP growth for a single quarter. We further decompose accounting earnings into operating cash flow and accrual earnings and find that operating cash flow which is less affected by earnings management has better predictive power for GDP over the longer horizon of the next three quarters, but accrual earnings can only predict GDP growth for the next quarter.     

内部控制缺陷、外部审计意见与真实盈余管理——基于新三板公司的实证研究

近两年,在新三板挂牌公司的数量突飞猛涨,该市场急剧扩容.基于此,本文以2015～2016年新三板公司经验数据为样本,探究该板块企业的内部控制缺陷披露的情况,分析内部控制缺陷程度、外部审计意见与企业真实盈余管理程度之间的相关性,进而从内外两种角度,探究前两者对新三板企业真实盈余管理程度的影响.研究结论为: 新三板公司内部控制缺陷披露程度与真实盈余管理程度为反向关系,外部审计意见与真实盈余管理程度呈正相关性.当管理层采取正(负)向真实盈余管理时,内部控制缺陷程度与真实盈余管理程度负(正)相关,而外部审计意见与盈余管理程度正(负)相关.     

会计估计变更对盈余的影响分析

企业在融资、规避特别处理及经营管理等动机的驱使下,利用会计估计变更,进行盈余管理、报表粉饰甚至利润操纵,会产生严重的经济后果,损害相关者的利益。规范企业会计估计变更行为,减少企业利润操纵空间,对促进证券市场乃至整个市场经济的健康发展,具有一定的理论及现实意义。企业应从调整固定资产推销额,计提资产减值准备上消除会计估计变更对盈余的影响,从完善会计准则,加大披露责任与惩罚力度等方面入手,加强会计估计的规范化管理。     

虚假业绩美化手段比较研究

通过对现金流操控与盈余管理、会计策选择以及财务舞弊的概念比较,发现会计政策选择和盈余管理行是公司在法律法规允许范围内选择能够有利于美化当期业绩的会计方法;会计舞弊是在惩罚成本小于获得收益时,公司萌生舞弊之念,提供虚假信息蒙蔽误导投资者;现金流操控行为既有在法律法规允许范围内的调整手段,又有违法的虚造手法,花样和手段之多令投资者难辨真假,危害更大。     

Earnings management and firms' investment behavior: The threshold effect of ROE

This paper, on the basis of a sample of Chinese listed firms, investigates the relationship between both real and accrual-based earnings management activities and firms' capital investment behavior. We apply the threshold model proposed by Hansen (1999) and find firms managing earnings can either over or underinvest, depending upon firms' return on equity (ROE) level. The study results show an inverted relationship between earnings management and firms' investment, which changes from negative to positive with ROE rising beyond certain threshold levels. We also find that the level of ROE affects whether managers use real and accrual manipulations jointly or as substitutes in affecting firms' investment. Our evidence is important because it sheds new light on the relationship between earnings management activities and firms' investment behavior by showing that ROE may act as an important determinant in this relationship. This finding has important implications for policymakers such as the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) as it shows that the regulatory benchmarks they set may have a significant impact on firms' investment behavior.     

Credit constraints and firm export: Microeconomic evidence from Italy

This paper estimates the impact of credit rationing on firms' export. We use detailed survey data from Italian manufacturing firms that provide a firm-specific measure of credit rationing based directly on firms' responses to the survey rather than indirectly on firms' financial statements. After controlling for productivity and other relevant firm attributes, and accounting for the endogeneity of credit rationing, we find that the probability of exporting is 39% lower for rationed firms and that rationing reduces foreign sales by more than 38%. While credit rationing also appears to depress domestic sales, its impact on foreign sales is significantly stronger. The analysis also suggests that credit rationing is an obstacle to export especially for firms operating in high-tech industries and in industries that heavily rely on external finance.     

Do firms manipulate earnings after winning public-private partnership bids? Evidence from China

We examine whether firms manipulate their reported earnings after winning investment project bids. China's adoption of the public-private partnership (PPP) provides a unique setting for our analysis. Using the PPP announcements to identify the firms participating in PPP projects, we find that firms conduct both accrual-based and real earnings management after PPP participation. Our findings survive difference-in-differences design with different matching methods. We document that PPP-participating firms have strong incentives to manipulate earnings because of abnormal administrative expenditure and greater short-term performance pressure than non-PPP-participating firms. The auditors respond by charging higher audit fees due to the increased risk. Moreover, government subsidies relieve performance pressure and decrease the likelihood of earnings management among PPP-participating firms. Overall, this study documents the unintended consequences of PPP participation.     

The cyclical effect of default risk on industrial bond yields

This paper examines the determinants of default-risk premiums and the ways in which they change over the business cycle. Seven default-risk factors are constructed from a large number of financial ratio/accounting variables. Factor scores summarizing these variables for a sample of industrial corporations are regressed with bond risk premiums for all years from 1971 to 1977—a complete business cycle. A second sample covering the years 1975 to 1977 is also examined. The main conclusion is that the cyclical movement of business conditions influences investors' assessments of default risk. Bonds issued in periods of economic normalcy have premiums that are significantly associated with earnings instability in addition to sales and size factors. By contrast, firms issuing bonds during recessionary climates must have relatively greater size and profitability to obtain funding at lower-interest costs. Firms with higher sales turnover ratios and, therefore, greater earnings instability with respect to economic downswings, are less likely to issue debt securities during depressed business conditions.     

中国房地产行业盈余管理模型的构建及实证分析

本文研究中国上市房地产企业的盈余管理行为。本文发现，传统应计制下的盈余管理模型无法较好地拟合中国房地产行业盈余管理的特征。在关注房地产行业经营和财务处理方面特殊之处的基础上，通过详细分析预售制度和会计处理的特点，建立了以预收账款作为被解释变量的预收模型。运用该模型对房地产行业的盈余管理行为进行了检验．其检验效果和拟合优度要优于改进的修正琼斯模型。经过实证检验，认为上市房地产企业利用预收账款，存在微弱的正向盈余操纵。     

上市公司盈余管理问题的研究

随着证券市场的发展,盈余管理问题日渐成为会计理论界研究的热点之一。由于盈余管理和会计信息质量的密切联系,使得对盈余管理的研究成为投资者、债权人和政府主管部门以及会计准则制定机构的关注重点,加强盈余管理的研究对提高会计信息的质量和改善证券市场资源优化配置的功能有着十分重要的意义,在上市公司中,出于大股东利益和公司经理层自身利益的需要,盈余管理被广泛采用,成为一种特殊的会计行为,困扰着会计界。盈余管理本身是一种合法行为,但它也有两面性,过度的盈余管理也会给企业、社会,乃至整个国家带来损害．上市公司存在的盈余管理行为,大多是过度的机会主义行为,为此,积极采取相应措施加以规范,以尽可能减少其负面影响实为当务之急;问时,由于在新兴的中国证券市场上,监管环境处于不断变化的过程中,研究上市公司的盈余管理行为并找出监管环境对它们的影响,对于完善监管政策、优化市场资源的配置具有重要意义     

基于资本市场动机视角的应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理研究

现阶段,我国的证券市场基本是由政府管制,影响了我国金融市场的发展。证券企业为了得到健康发展,只能获得IPO的发行许可。从盈余管理出发,结合资本市场动机,两种假设:IPO企业同时实施两种盈余管理方法会提高其股票发行价和与真实盈余管理对企业未来的损害较大,并选取在2007到2012期间沪深两市的699家IPO上市企业样本,通过引入不同变量、创建回归模型、对回归结果分析得出两种盈余管理方式,均有利于企业提高IPO的发行价和真实盈余管理的应用会对IPO公司的长期业绩产生不利的影响。可见,两种盈余方式对于促进IPO企业健康、稳定发展具有重要的历史作用和现实意义。