高管激励调节下研发投入与企业绩效关系研究

以中国上市公司为研究样本,实证分析了高管激励对研发投入与企业绩效关系的调节作用。通过对企业总样本的研究发现,研发投入对企业绩效具有显著促进作用;高管股权激励对研发投入与企业绩效具有显著正向调节作用,但薪酬激励的调节作用不显著。进一步研究发现,所有制形式是影响高管激励调节作用的重要情景要素,高管薪酬激励对国有企业和非国有企业的研发投入与绩效关系分别起着正向和负向调节作用;而高管股权激励仅对非国有企业具有显著正向调节作用。同时发现,反映公司治理和财务运营质量方面的控制变量对不同所有制企业高管激励发挥调节作用的影响程度不同。研究结论可为企业制定合理的高管激励机制,提高创新绩效提供决策参考。     

The role of top management team diversity in shaping the performance of business model innovation: a threshold effect

Business model innovation is one of the firm’s most important strategic decisions. Top management team (TMT), as the critical decision-makers, has essential influence upon such decisions. However, the role of TMT diversity in shaping the performance of business model innovation is less explored in the literature. Based on a sample dataset of 906 observations of small and medium enterprises from China Startups Stock Market during the period of 2009–2011, we find that TMT diversity exhibits a significant threshold effect on the relationship between business model innovation (in terms of novelty-centred and efficiency-centred business model) and firm performance. More specifically, when TMT functional diversity arrives at a certain level, the positive relationship between novelty-centred business model and firm performance becomes more pronounced. On the other hand, the positive relationship between efficiency-centred business model innovation and firm performance will be more significant when TMT tenure diversity increases to a certain level.     

制造业服务化研究争议的一种解释：两类基本服务与企业绩效

服务化是全球制造业转型趋势,但存在服务化—绩效关系和服务化转型路径方面的争议。已有研究很少量化检验不同服务间关系,基于资源基础观,关注产品导向型与顾客导向型两类基本服务的关系及二者的绩效影响,对我国241家耐用消费品与工业品制造企业的服务业务和绩效进行问卷调查,采用验证性因子分析、结构方程模型等方法对调查数据进行统计分析。结果表明,产品导向型服务能够促进顾客导向型服务的发展,顾客导向型服务对企业绩效产生积极影响,产品导向型服务通过促进顾客导向型服务的发展对企业绩效产生间接影响。基于研究结论,从动态演化的时间维度解释关于服务化—绩效关系正向、负向、非线性的研究争议,并从3种VRIN资源视角解释关于服务化转型路径线性、共存、反向的研究争议,为未来服务化研究和我国实践提供参考借鉴。     

基于中国制度背景的动态业绩评价体系的构建

业绩评价是企业组织管理控制系统的重要组成部分,对企业的经营起着导向性作用,直接关系到企业核心竞争力的形成与保持。随着业绩评价体系的演变,基于制度背景来研究业绩评价体系越来越受到理论界和实务界的关注。通过回顾改革开放三十多年来中国国有企业业绩评价的改革过程,对中国现有的业绩评价体系进行评价,指出中国在借鉴西方的业绩评价方法的同时要以特殊的国情为背景,通过适当修改,建立适合中国制度背景的动态业绩评价体系才是可行之路。     

地方供电企业班组绩效管理浅析——以国网安庆供电公司营业及电费部为例

班组在基层供电企业中扮演着重要的角色,班组绩效管理是供电企业绩效管理的分支和有机组成部分,班组建设也一直受到国家电网公司的高度重视。在一些基层供电企业中,由于历史和现实交错的复杂原因,班组绩效建设并没有达到理想的状态。在新时期国企改革的背景下,追求基于质量基础上的绩效管理成为发展的必然趋势。以国网安庆供电公司营业及电费部为例,简要分析该部班组的管理现状和存在的问题,并概要性梳理了该部针对现状问题采取的一些行之有效措施,为后续班组绩效建设提供参考。     

Research on Business Performance Management in China

In China, performance management is much more emphasized than before. This paper analyzes the status quo and problems of performance management in enterprises of China, brings forward its necessity to integrate business performance management, and then gives a framework of business performance management. The conclusions of this paper will be benefited to further study on how to improve performance through implementing BPM for enterprises.     

高新制造企业商业模式创新评价

对高新制造企业的商业模式创新内容进行分类。从业务结构创新、盈利模式创新、经营模式创新、产业链上下游关系、战略领先及匹配程度以及市场表现6个方面构建了高新制造企业商业模式创新评价体系。据此设计商业模式创新评价调查问卷,并收集了在中国创业板37家高新制造企业在上市后的生产经营和发展情况,利用专家打分法获得样本企业的商业模式创新评价指标数据。结合熵权法和系统综合评价模型,对其商业模式创新水平进行了评价。结果显示:现阶段中国高新制造企业的商业模式创新水平存在较大差距,表现出明显的发展不平衡态势。最后,针对中国高新制造企业的特点,对其商业模式创新方向提出了具体建议。     

Top management team boundary-spanning behaviour,bricolage, and business model innovation

ABSTRACT

Resources are basic element of business model innovation, but most enterprises face serious resource constraints due to their capability limitations. This study focuses on boundary-spanning behaviour of top management team and bricolage, to explore their influence mechanism on business model innovation. A hierarchical regression analysis is carried out on data from China. Responses from 163 enterprises indicate that top management team boundary-spanning behaviour has a significantly positive influence on business model innovation, that bricolage has a significantly positive effect on business model innovation, and that bricolage plays a significant intermediary role between top management team boundary-spanning behaviour and business model innovation. This study enriches theoretical and empirical researches on business model innovation while serving as a valuable reference for business practice.     

中小企业财务管理存在的问题及其对策

我国中小企业在促进我国经济增长和社会稳定等方面发挥了突出作用。但是,由于中小企业内部环境和外部环境因素的影响,使其在激烈的市场竞争中面临巨大的困难,在财务管理上表现为：权力高度集中;财务信息及时性差;信用观念淡薄;缺乏明确的产业发展方向等现象。企业应采用现代企业制度;不断更新理财观念;实现财务信息适时监控;明确产业专业化之路;树立人本化理财观念,协调好各种利益关系等措施。     

Ownership, Productivity Change, and Financial Performance in Chinese Industry

This paper investigates Chinese industrial productivity from 1980 to 1996. Results include series for foreign-linked, shareholding, and private enterprises. We find long-term productivity increase, with growth rates declining during the 1990's. Productivity outcomes outside the state and collective sectors are modest, with shareholding enterprises suffering productivity declines. The paper examines differences in marginal factor productivity across ownership types, considers the impact of business cycles on the interpretation of productivity trends, and documents a statistical relationship among the profitability of state enterprises, the relative productivity performance of state firms, and the entry of new firms outside the state sector.J. Comp. Econom., December 2000, 28(4), pp. 786–813. Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 5 Jianguomennei Street, Beijing, China 100732.     

Disparities in the financial performance of agricultural entities according to the legal form: the case of Slovakia

Financial management in agricultural enterprises is affected by a range of factors that are not present in other sectors. One of the factors that affect the performance of enterprises is the legal or organizational form of the business. In Slovakia, the specific structure of farms is different from that of almost any other member state of the European Union. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the disparities in the financial performance of agricultural enterprises according to the legal form. We analysed and compared two groups of agricultural entities, agricultural cooperatives and business companies, for the period from 2005 to 2014. Based on an analysis of the differences using mathematical and statistical methods, we can conclude that the legal forms are distinguished in all monitored parameters and our hypothesis on the differences in economic performance of agricultural entities according to legal form was confirmed.     

海外研发、贸易摩擦与创新绩效：来自中国高科技上市公司的经验证据

海外研发被视为后发国家实现技术赶超的有效路径,现有文献基于经贸自由化的前置条件证实了海外研发提升创新绩效的反哺作用。然而在全球贸易保护主义抬头的背景下,资源要素的自由流动愈发困难,海外研发能否发挥应有的作用尚不得而知。为此,基于中国高科技上市公司的数据,本文探索了中美贸易摩擦如何影响中国企业的海外研发绩效。研究发现,中美贸易摩擦非但没有侵蚀中国企业的海外研发绩效,反而产生倒逼效应,推动中国企业提升投资效率并积累国际投资经验,继而增强了海外研发的反哺作用。通过区分海外研发目的地,本文进一步发现倒逼效应在赴非美国家的样本中更显著。赴美研发受到贸易摩擦的冲击更为直接,稀释了提升投资效率和积累国际化经验所带来的收益。研究结论深化了国际商务理论关于贸易保护和壁垒如何影响跨国企业投资绩效的相关研究,为中国企业在高度不确定的投资环境下如何充分释放海外研发的潜能提供启示。     

Political connections, financing and firm performance: Evidence from Chinese private firms

This paper examines the role of affiliation with the ruling Communist Party in the operation of private enterprises in China. Using a nationwide survey of private firms, we find that the Party membership of private entrepreneurs has a positive effect on the performance of their firms when human capital and other relevant variables are controlled. We further find that Party membership helps private entrepreneurs to obtain loans from banks or other state institutions, and affords them more confidence in the legal system. Finally, we find Party membership to be more important to firm performance in regions with weaker market institutions and weaker legal protection.     

组织惯性两面性对OFDI企业创新绩效的影响

以2003-2014年OFDI的中国制造业上市公司为对象，基于其2002-2016年数据，从资源与能力视角，探讨了中国制造业OFDI过程中组织惯性两面性对企业创新绩效的影响。研究结果显示：国有控股与早期国际化经验对企业创新绩效产生消极影响；核心业务能力则增强了研发投入—企业创新绩效的正相关关系。进一步研究发现，核心业务能力对研发投入—企业创新绩效的调节作用因投资地区异质性而存在显著差异。     

高校产业集团绩效管理的战略性工具——平衡计分卡

随着平衡计分卡理念逐步引入我国大型企业,它对于企业提高战略目标,加快企业实现绩效管理的进程有着非常重要的作用。结合高校产业的实践,运用平衡计分卡工具,对高校产业的战略目标如何得以实施进行了设计,为高校产业改善绩效管理,提升经营绩效提供了可行的路径。     

我国企业集团的演进及组建模式研究

我国在20世纪80年代以前没有企业集团这种组织形式,企业集团的出现是我国经济和工业改革的结果。至今,企业集团这种组织形式在我国不过20多年的历史。我国企业集团的发展历程可分为三个阶段：改革前的企业组织、企业集团的产生阶段、企业集团的发展阶段。根据政府和企业在集团组建过程中的作用,我国企业集团组建大致有三种方式：政府主导型、政府-企业联合改建型、企业主导型。     

Politician control, agency problems and ownership reform

Using data from a recent national survey on the ownership reform of state‐owned enterprises in China, we study the effects of reducing politician control and agency problems on a number of reform outcomes. Taking into account the endogenous nature of the reform, we find that these outcome measures of the reform's success are positively affected by the lessening of politician control through increasing the firm's flexibility in labour deployment and by the mitigation of agency costs through the introduction of more effective corporate governance mechanisms such as one‐share one‐vote and shareholding‐based board structure composition. Ownership structure also matters: relative to shareholding by the state, foreign ownership has a positive effect on reform outcomes; individual (mostly employee) shareholding has a negative or insignificant effect. Somewhat surprisingly, operating autonomy (excluding labour deployment flexibility) has a negative effect on firm performance, suggesting serious agency problems in the reformed enterprises.     

国有企业上游垄断对地区创新能力的影响——营商环境的调节作用

上游垄断-下游竞争的产业链格局对地区创新能力具有显著影响。采用2008-2017年省际面板数据，基于产业链视角，实证分析国有企业上游垄断对地区创新能力的影响，探究营商环境在该过程中的调节作用。研究表明，国有企业上游垄断会抑制地区创新能力，通过提升营商环境中的市场化能力，促进非国有经济发展以及要素市场发育可以缓解这种抑制作用；进一步研究发现，地区、劳动力配置以及行政垄断程度对上述影响具有异质性。     

中国企业孵化的空间溢出效应——来自35个大中城市的实证研究

区域创新基础深刻影响科技创业过程,空间网络化联结以及信息技术渗透又使得企业孵化要素呈跨区域流动特征。目前关于企业孵化投入产出的研究忽略了空间相关性,导致研究结果出现偏误。超越组织边界的合作使得企业孵化过程呈现叠加效应,推动跨区域合作;而创业项目的争夺又引发区域竞争,形成企业孵化过程中的创新溢出屏障。因此,企业孵化过程是否存在溢出效应是一个值得探讨的议题。运用空间计量分析方法,基于2009-2016年空间面板数据,从基础设施、资金条件、研发水平以及创业经验4个维度分析中国企业孵化的作用机制,进一步从空间地理特征和社会经济特征两方面构建空间权重矩阵,并运用空间面板数据模型分析中国企业孵化过程的空间溢出效应。研究发现,企业孵化过程存在明显的空间溢出效应,地理区位特征与社会经济特征均对企业孵化和空间相关性产生影响。其中,社会经济特征作用显著,四要素的跨区域流动发挥了不同程度的杠杆作用。最后,分别从企业孵化器定位、企业孵化产业、企业孵化政策制定以及企业孵化创新绩效4个方面提出引导科技创业资源合理流动以及提高企业孵化产出的对策建议。     

创业企业何以提高创新绩效——基于创业学习与商业模式创新协同联动视角的QCA方法

以150个创业企业为样本，基于创业学习和商业模式创新理论，运用模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA），探究经验学习、认知学习、新颖型商业模式创新和效率型商业模式创新对创新绩效的影响路径及机制。研究发现，存在新颖型商业模式创新等4条创新绩效产出关键路径；相较于效率型商业模式创新，新颖型商业模式创新在关键路径中更容易提高创新绩效；利用QCA方法证实了影响创业企业创新绩效的组态内部各要素之间的替代性。结论丰富了创新绩效产出内部机制，可为创业企业提高创新绩效提供指导和借鉴。