Job Creation and Destruction in South Africa

Analysts of the South African labour market have mainly used household surveys to analyse the labour market. It has been more difficult to explore the labour demand of firms, as a result of limited data availability. We use the Quarterly Employment Statistics survey, an enterprise survey conducted by Statistics South Africa, to explore how South African firms create and destroy jobs, thereby shedding light on many of the policy questions that are relevant in a high unemployment society like South Africa. We find that job creation and destruction rates are similar to those found in Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries. There is little evidence that labour legislation creates rigidities that prevent firms from hiring or firing workers. We also find that larger firms are better net creators of jobs than small firms and that net job creation rates are negative in manufacturing. Our research has important policy implications – particularly for the South African National Planning Commission's 2030 plan, in which new jobs are envisaged to come mainly from small‐ and medium‐sized firms. Our research suggests that this scenario is not likely without changes to policy or legislation.     

基于不同主体的小微企业众筹风险识别与防范

对小微企业众筹发展过程中的风险问题进行研究,站在行业发展的视角对来源于小微企业、投资人、众筹平台、法律与环境的风险进行识别,并构建小微企业众筹风险评价的指标体系,利用层次分析法对识别出的来源于小微企业、投资人、众筹平台、法律与环境的主要风险进行评估,评估结果发现小微企业是最重要风险来源;根据风险评估的结果,从小微企业、投资人、众筹平台、法律与环境四个方向提出加强社会信用体系建设、建立信息披露制度与流程,设置投资人进入门槛、制定众筹平台的准入原则及管理标准等小微企业众筹的风险防范建议,为众筹的持续快速发展提供参考。     

上海商业文化的理论与实践探讨

对建立中小企业产业群 ,比较的看 ,值得安徽借鉴的有意大利、日本和我国的台湾、浙江等。除意大利 ,日本和我国的台湾、浙江都与安徽有一个共同的特点 :人口密度大、人多地少矛盾突出。本文通过比较与借鉴 ,并结合安徽产业特点 ,从建立中小企业产业群的角度来探求中小企业的发     

保理业务在中小企业融资运用中的困境

国内市场上兴起的保理业务为中小企业融资注入了新的活力,在完善企业销售市场和优化保理商自身的信贷结构等方面也有所贡献。然而其中蕴涵的道德风险却难以规避,文章运用了一个博弈模型对其进行了分析,并提出了相关制度建设方面的建议。     

小微企业发展困境与对策研究

小微企业普遍存在融资难、技术创新能力低、缺少政策扶持的发展困境.小微企业是否能持续健康地发展对中国是否能实现经济高质量发展至关重要.因此亟须帮助小微企业探求能健康持续发展的对策.通过研究小微企业的发展特征和现状,深入分析了阻碍小微企业发展壮大的因素和发展困境的成因,并从小微企业自身、政府和金融机构等角度提出解决目前发展困境的对策.     

关于国企经营者激励约束机制的现状及思考

中小企业在促进经济繁荣、提供就业机会、开发新产品、保障社会稳定等方面起着重要作用。但从目前情况看 ,中小企业发展面临许多问题 ,必须采取有效措施 ,加快促进中小企业发展     

The efficiency of small and medium enterprises in informal metal manufacturing in Zimbabwe: Implications for stakeholders in the agricultural sector

This study uses the structure–conduct–performance framework to examine the structure and efficiency of small and medium enterprises in the informal metal manufacturing sector in Zimbabwe. Small and medium enterprises provide a lifeline to the country's resource-poor farmers, whose numbers increased exponentially after the agrarian reform in 2000. The study utilises nationally representative, enterprise-level data from five major towns (Harare, Chitungwiza, Bulawayo, Mutare and Rusape) in Zimbabwe. Various performance measures are applied at the industry level to assess efficiency, profitability and competitiveness; these include the Herfindahl–Hirschman index, concentration ratios, average yearly profits and Tobin's q ratio. The results indicate that small and medium enterprises in Zimbabwe are modestly efficient, profitable and competitive. These findings highlight the need to integrate informal metal fabrication activities into Zimbabwe's national economic development plans.     

报酬递增律在市场营销中的指导作用

基于对我国中小企业技术创新存在的问题和困难等现状 ,提出了我国技术创新战略对策 ,期望对促进我国中小企业技术创新有所启示。     

温州小微企业景气与预警体系建立与实证分析

文章通过对温州市近千家小微企业的问卷调查,运用层次分析法构建了包括市场信心、市场、经营成本、融资、创新、投资的小微企业景气指标体系,为各指标赋予权重,建立了温州小微企业景气指数模型,分别计算出2012年、2013年度温州小微企业景气指数。并通过建立预警体系以灯号形式展示11个行业的景气状况,为温州小微企业的发展提出科学合理的建议。     

促进小微企业发展的税收政策研究

小微企业在国民经济中占有重要地位,完善与改进税收政策对促进小微企业的发展有重要意义.对我国现行小微企业的界定标准和小微企业税收制度进行分析,指出相关税收政策存在的不足,并提出促进小微企业进一步发展的税收政策建议.     

工业互联网平台服务小微企业数字化转型的价值、挑战及应对策略研究

工业互联网平台是新一代信息技术与制造业深度融合的产物,是支撑制造业企业开展数字化转型向的重要使能。作为支撑制造业高质量发展的主体,小微企业在“上平台、用平台”已经取得初步成效,但也依然面临需求端“不想用,不能用”和供给端“不愿给、不能给”的严峻挑战,严重制约工业互联网平台价值效益的发挥。建议分别从供给和需求两侧的具体挑战着手,“挖需求、赋能力”,系统、精准提升我国小微企业应用工业互联网平台的整体能效。     

Enhancing small,medium and micro enterprise development: Exploring selective interventions by the Lesotho government

Through a survey conducted among 219 businesses in Lesotho, this paper reports small, medium and micro enterprise (SMME) owners' and managers' perceptions of strategies implemented by the government to enhance SMME development, as well as identify shortcomings, if any. It was ascertained that although there are a number of initiatives – inter alia, the creation of a ‘one-stop shop’ to simplify the procedures required for registering an enterprise – the respondents perceive that operating informally is the alternate solution, the consequence being possible loss of taxes by the government which impacts on economic growth. It also became evident that access to finance is still a hurdle to SMME establishment in Lesotho. SMMEs also find taxes too high and are therefore compelled to declare false turnover figures, to avoid being taxed or to pay minimum taxes. The findings of this research could assist SMMEs since there will be greater awareness of the initiatives by the Lesotho government to develop the sector.     

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on micro,small, and medium enterprises in Asia and their digitalization responses

Soon after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments began extending financial and other forms of support to micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and their workers because smaller firms are more vulnerable to negative shocks to their supply chain, labor supply, and final demand for goods and services than larger firms. Since MSMEs are diverse, however, the severity of the pandemic’s impact on them varies considerably depending on their characteristics. Using online survey data of MSMEs from eight developing economies in South, Southeast, and Northeast Asia, this paper attempts to deepen our understanding of the impact of the pandemic on MSMEs, especially their employment, sales revenue, and cash flow. It also characterizes those firms that began participating in online commerce and tries to determine how their use of online commerce and their employment are related in this difficult time. This paper also examines the government support that MSMEs have received and the extent to which it has satisfied their support needs.     

论信托业的产业定位与规范化发展

我国中小企业建设资金短缺 ,融资渠道狭隘 ,应采取直接方式完善间接融资服务体系 ,建立政策性融资渠道等解决中小企业融资问题的对策 ,不断改善融资环境 ,促进中小企业的发展。     

河北省中小企业产业集群创新发展研究

近年来,河北省中小企业产业集群有了长足发展,但与先进地区或国家的产业集群比较起来,尚存在一些差距。本文首先对河北省中小企业产业集群的现状进行了分析,指出其当前存在的主要问题,并提出了河北省中小企业产业集群创新发展的对策。     

Profiling emerging contractors for effective transformation in the South African construction sector

South Africa's construction industry is transforming. Its economy requires a wider base of contracting entities. Much of this growth is expected to be delivered by ‘emerging’ contractors. Yet these companies face significant obstacles. Targeted interventions that foster companies need a better picture of these firms and their core members. A survey of the civil engineering sector, targeting emerging contractors, showed that the owners of these companies lack training and experience, and that there are gender-related differences. Classifications according to company turnover, contract sizes or employee numbers alone do not reflect circumstances. Combining these data with the core members' backgrounds gives a clearer picture. Most companies hover between the ‘Existence’ and ‘Survival’ stages of business development. Development initiatives that assume companies require knowledge must accommodate large cognitive distances between sender and receiver. Initiatives thus need to focus on the owners, considering the status and background of their companies.     

Y理论在白衬衫项目中的应用

本文的主旨 ,在于指出在中国经济转型中 ,中小企业对于中国经济增长起了很重要的推动作用 ,并成为经济增长的真正亮点。然而 ,因为各种原因 ,其发展却面临严重障碍。本文在试图分析其障碍的同时 ,对于如何推动中小企业的发展提出了一些看法。     

The employment environment for youth in rural South Africa: A mixed-methods study

South Africa has high youth unemployment. This article examines the predictors of youth employment in rural Agincourt, Mpumalanga Province. A survey of 187 out-of-school 18 to 24 year olds found that only 12% of women and 38% of men were currently employed. Men with skills/training were significantly more likely to report employment, mostly physical labour (adjusted odds ratio: 4.5; confidence interval: 1.3, 15.3). In-depth interviews with 14 of the youth revealed that women are perceived more suitable for formal employment, which is scarce, informing why women were more likely to pursue further education and yet less likely to be employed. Ten key informants from local organisations highlighted numerous local youth employment resources while, in contrast, all youth in the sample said no resources were available, highlighting a need for the organisations to extend their services into rural areas. Because these services are focused on entrepreneurship, programmes to increase financial literacy and formal employment opportunities are also needed.     

广东省与浙江省中小企业融资情况差异析因:以企业类型结构为视角

数据表明,浙江省金融机构中小企业贷款额远远高于广东省,而在中小企业类型结构方面,浙江省及广东省分别以民营企业和外资企业为主。本文通过分析外资企业经营特点对其融资行为的影响,从企业类型结构角度对导致两省中小企业融资情况差异的原因进行分析。